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Safety of the Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae), a Plant Used in Benin to Treat Infections

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第12期10卷 86-95页

作者： Maximin Senou René Dehou Félicienne Agbogba Pascal Tchogou Yollande Abissi Alban Houngbeme Gutemberg Kpossou Eugénie anago Eugène Attakpa Laboratoire de Biologie Expérimentale et Clinique (LaBEC) Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Biosciences et Biotechnologie Appliquées Université Nationale des Sciences Technologies Ingénierie et Mathématiques d’Abomey Benin Laboratoire de Biologie Appliquée (LARBA) Ecole Polytechnique d’Abomey-Calavi (EPAC) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratoire National de Pharmacognosie/Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique (CBRST) Porto-Novo Benin Laboratoire de l’Hô pital de Zone Saint Jean de Dieu de Boko Parakou Benin Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Moléculaire et Toxicologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques (FAST) Université d’Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin

Description of the Subject: Senna alata (L.) was a plant in the Benin pharmacopoeia used to treat skin infections. Objectives: The aim of our work was to test its harmlessness in vivo. Method: Wistar rats received by gavage a single dose of 2000 mg/kg of Senna alata leaves aqueous extract for the Acute Oral Toxicity (AOT) test. For the sub-Chronic Oral Toxicity (SCT) test, rats force-fed the extract at a daily dose of 300 mg/Kg of body weight for 28 days. The weight of the rats was taken and the blood samples were collected on Day 0, then respectively day 14 for the AOT and Day 28 for the SCT. The renal balance was carried out by dosage of the creatinine, the liver balance by the transaminases AST and ALT and the blood balance by the hemogram. The liver, kidneys and spleen were removed for histological analysis. The results were analyzed using the Student test, with the significance level set at 5%. Results: The weight of the rats did not change significantly in the acute or subchronic oral toxicity tests suggesting an absence of physical disturbance in the rats. Serum creatinine did not vary significantly, suggesting preservation of renal function. That was the same for ASAT and ALAT transaminases, indicating an absence of hepatic cytolysis. In hematology, the hemoglobin level and the number of blood platelets did not vary significantly, suggesting that the extract did not create anemia and did not influence blood coagulation. Hepatic, renal and splenic parenchyma showed no atypia. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Senna alata (L.) leaves did not reveal any acute or subchronic toxicity and offered prospects for its use in the treatment of infections.

关键词： Senna alata Oral Toxicity Liver Kidneys and Spleen

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Inorganic Fertilizer Adoption, Use Intensity and Rainfed Rice Yield in Benin

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2020年第1期10卷 1-15页

作者： Firmin N. anago Dagbenonbakin G. Dieudonné Agbangba C. Emile Oussou C. T. Brice Amadji L. Guillaume Laboratory of Soil Sciences School of Plant Production Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Soil Science Water and Environment Research Agricultural Center of Agonkanmey National Institute of Agronomic Research of Benin Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Applied Biology Research and Study Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi Department of Environment Genius University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Inorganic fertilizers are alternative ways of providing the necessary nutrients to rice crop and increase its productivity. In order to identify the factors determining inorganic fertilizer technology adoption and rainfed rice yield, a survey was carried out among 763 farmers in 11 municipalities in four agriculture development centers (ADC) of Benin. Composite soil samples were collected from 227 farmer fields and analyzed at the laboratory. Rainfed rice yields were determined in these different fields. Data collected was analyzed with R version 3.5.1 software. Results show that inorganic fertilizer technology adoption depends significantly on age, educational status, household size, contribution of rice to household income and organic fertilizer use (0.004 kg⋅ha−1?with a mean of 74.68 kg⋅ha−1. The quantities of inorganic fertilizer applied differ more importantly from one farmer to another and range from 4.58% to 90.5% with a mean of 27.15% of the level recommended by research. However, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, organic carbon, pH water, and exchanging capacity cation determine the rainfed rice yield. The policies that aim at promoting inorganic fertilizer among rainfed rice farmers must take into account these factors.

关键词： Endogenous Cropping Systems Double Hurdle Model Regression Tree Inorganic Fertilizer

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Thermal and Physicochemical Characterization of Fibers from Coffee Hulls as Filler for Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)

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Advances in Materials Physics and Chemistry 2021年第10期11卷 155-166页

作者： Ahmat Tom Abel Tame Paul Nestor Djomou Djonga Bakary Tigana Djonse Justin eugenie Géraldine Nga Abena Department of Energy Engineering University Institute of Technology University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Textile and Leather Engineering National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

This work presents the thermal, physical and chemical characterization of Coffee canephora, from littoral region of Cameroon, for their use as reinforcement for polymeric materials. The infrared of coffee hulls shows the presence of a large peak intensity at 3299 cm-1 that can be attributed to O-H stretching group of alcohol (cellulose content in coffee pulp). The intensity 2926 cm-1 can be attributed to C-H stretching group of alkanes or the vibration of methoxy group of lignin. Thermo gravimetric analysis shows that around 440°C, the biomass has been completely consumed;the temperature profiles show a peak at 86°C that could correspond to the loss of water as evaporation at a percentage of 8%;the peak at 321°C is accompanied by a water loss of 64.50%; this temperature is assimilated to the degradation of hemicelluloses;the temperature range from 321°C to 401°C is accompanied by a loss of mass of 22.80%, which would be due to the degradation of cellulose. SEM images of the surface of raw coffee hulls, coffee hulls treated with caustic soda respectively clearly reveal gaps between the fibers. The results showed that the incorporation of coffee hulls fiber in LLDPE matrix might result in composites with suitable property application for various industrial fields

关键词： Characterization Coffee Hulls Filler LLDPE Physicochemical and Thermal

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Low Density Linear Polyethylene Reinforced with Alkali and MAPE Treated Fibers from Coffee Pulp

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2021年第4期11卷 94-110页

In this work fibers derived from coffee, hulls have been incorporated into Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE). The influence of the filler content on the thermal and physicomechanical properties of the composites obtained was assessed. The results showed that the incorporation of fibers was able to improve the thermostability of LLDPE/Coffee hulls fibers;comparing the treated fiber composite with untreated fiber composites, the chemical treatment reduces by 58.3% the water absorption, while increasing the elongation and tensile strength by about 48% and 17% respectively. Moreover, due to better interfacial interaction induced by MAPE, the corresponding composite exhibited better properties compared to the untreated fiber composite. Results are indicative of the fact that both mercerization and MAPE (coupling agent) have significant positive effects on the fiber-matrix interaction in terms of adhesion, wetting and dispersion, this treatment produced a better fiber distribution and consequently a more uniform composite morphology without voids and gaps between the fibers and the matrix, allowing the possibility to use higher fiber contents (up to 30% wt.) with acceptable mechanical properties.

关键词： Fiber from Coffee Fiber Hull Linear Low Density Polyethylene Composite MAPE

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城市中心区生活的复兴:更为深入的探察

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国外城市规划 2003年第4期18卷 10-12页

作者： eugenie Ladner Birch 张赛美国宾西法尼亚大学城市和区域规划系清华大学建筑学院

“城市中心区生活的复兴:更为深入的探察”是一项由林肯学院等机构资助的关于城市中心区及住房发展的研究项目,本文介绍了该研究的7个主要发现。

关键词：城市中心区林肯学院住房建设历史街区保护城市环境

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A Case Study of Multi Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB), HIV and Diabetes Mellitus (Dm) Comorbidity: Triple Pathology;Challenges and Prospects

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2017年第3期7卷 70-79页

作者： Okorie Onuka John Ahukanna Chukwudi Okebaram Patrick Dakum Aderonke Agbaje Vivian Ibeziako Gidado Mustapha Nkem Chukwueme Chux anago Emperor Ubochioma Amarachi Okorie Odume Bethrand Nwafor Charles Abia State Ministry of Health Umuahia Nigeria Department of Pharmacology Abia State University Okigwe Nigeria Institute of Human Virology Abuja Nigeria Challenge KNCV Abuja Nigeria Clinton Health Access Initiative Abuja Nigeria National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Program Abuja Nigeria School of Midwifery Umuahia Nigeria Department of Family Medicine National Hospital Abuja Nigeria German Leprosy and Tuberculosis Relief Association Enugu Nigeria

Tuberculosis (TB), diabetes mellitus and HIV co-morbidity is a rare and interrelated health condition with associated high morbidity and mortality especially in developing countries with high prevalence of TB. It has become an emerging concern to epidemiologists and TB control programs due to complexities in its control and management. Managing MDR-TB, DM and HIV comorbidity is challenging, with risk of unfavorable outcome;consequently, close monitoring is necessary. Individuals with weak immunity resulting from diseases such as uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and HIV have a higher risk of developing TB or progression from latent to active TB. We present a 65-year old known diabetic patient who presented to Royal Cross Hospital Ugwueke Abia State, Nigeria with a one-year history of recurrent productive cough with associated night sweats, low grade fever and marked weight loss. A diagnosis of drug-resistant TB with DM/HIV co-morbidity was made and co-managed by experts from the respective clinics and the State TB control program. The patient was declared cured (7 months consecutive negative cultures each taken 30 days apart) after completing 20 months of conventional MDR-TB treatment. The patient showed remarkable clinical improvement including weight gain, good diabetic control and significant increase in CD4 (700 cells). Managing MDR-TB patients with diabetes and HIV is challenging, however, appropriate treatment, psychosocial support, adequate blood sugar control as well as monthly monitoring of patients with requisite investigations are vital in achieving good treatment outcome.

关键词： Co-Morbidity-Diabetes-Multi Drug Resistant TB and HIV

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Effectiveness of Contact Tracing of Index Tuberculosis Cases in Nigeria

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2018年第4期8卷 173-199页

作者： Okorie Onuka Ikpeazu Okezie John Ahukanna Chukwudi Okebaram Patrick Dakum Aderonke Agbaje Vivian Ibeziako Gidado Mustapha Nkem Chukwueme Emperor Ubochioma Amarachi Okorie Nwafor Charles Chux anago TB Control Program Ministry of Health Abia State Nigeria Abia State Government House Umuahia Abia State Nigeria Ministry of Health Abia State Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics Abia State University Uturu Nigeria Institute of Human Virology Abuja Nigeria KNCV Abuja Nigeria National TB Control Program Abuja Nigeria School of Midwifery Ministry of Health Umuahia Nigeria GLRA Enugu Enugu Nigeria Clinton Health Access Initiative Abuja Nigeria

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic disease that has impacted negatively on human history. The biology of the mycobacterium tuberculosis is complicated and has affected the control as well as elimination of the disease. Nigeria is one of the countries with high incidence and prevalence of TB. The late and low case detection has been a major problem with National TB control program, caused by passive case finding strategy practiced by the country. A shift from the passive and active case search has been recommended for detection of missing cases of TB and improved program performance. The proximity of TB contact is a major determinant of disease transmission. However, maximizing early case detection and prompt treatment of notified cases is very useful in (TB) control especially in high burden countries. The tracking of TB contacts provides a good platform for early diagnosis, educating the household on TB disease and infection control as well as breaking the chain of transmission. The objective of the study is to ascertain effectiveness of contact tracing on Tuberculosis case detection. The study is a retrospective quasi experimental with quantitative arm. The study was conducted in Abia State, one of the South Eastern States of Nigeria. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection and analyzed with SPSS. A total of 168 and 162 index cases of TB were recruited for both intervention and control facilities. The 168 index TB cases yielded 301 TB contacts. The result revealed 55% contact/index ratio, presumptive TB yield of 130 (43.2%) and TB yield of 68 (22.6%). The cases registered in the State increased from 336 to 417 and p value = 0.001, while presumptive TB and BCG vaccination were major predictors. The study shows that tracing contact of index TB cases is an effective and complementary method of finding undetected cases of TB.

关键词： Contact tracing Index TB cases

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Bulk Composite Nanomaterial with Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2012年第10期3卷 728-732页

作者： Levan Ichkitidze Vitally Podgaetsky Alexander Prihodko Sergei Selishchev eugenie Blagov Vyacheslav Galperin Yuri Shaman Lyudmila Tabulina Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics Minsk Belarus Institute of nanotechnology of microelectronics RAS Moscow Russia National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET) Moscow Russia Scientific Manufacturing Complex “Technological Centre” Moscow Russia

The properties of the composite nanomaterials (CNM) based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), both functionalized and non-functionalized, were investigated. In order to obtain the solid-state bulk CNM from the ultradispersed aqueous solutions of 25 wt.% BSA and (0.0015 - 0.04) wt.% MWCNT, the methods of nanotechnology and laser technology were used. It is revealed that the CNM density is 10% - 20% higher than that of water and the hardness is higher than that of BSA by a factor of 3 - 6 times. An increase in hardness Hv (by Vickers) of CNM correlated with an increase in the concentration of MWCNT, and Hyreached ~300 MPa for the case of the non-functionalized MWCNT, while for the case of the functionalized MWCNT, i.e. MWCNTf, Hy was 25% lower.

关键词： Carbon Nanotubes Functionalization Albumine Biocompatible Composite Nanomaterial

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Clinical Case: About a Probable Case of Post-Transfusion Purpura in a Homozygous Sickle Cell

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2017年第6期6卷 196-199页

作者： Rakotoniaina Andriamiarimbol Irène Fenomama Jocia Fenomanana Maminirina Sonia Buscotin eugenie Rasamindrakotroka Andry Rakoto Alson Olivat Aimé Laboratory Department University Hospital Mitsinjo Betanimena Tuléar Madagascar Laboratory Department University Hospital Tambohobe Fianarantsoa Madagascar Maternity Department University Hospital Tanambao Tuléar Madagascar Pediatric Department University Hospital Tanambao Tuléar Madagascar Laboratory of Immunology Department University Hospital HJRA Antananarivo Madagascar Laboratory of Hematology Department University Hospital HJRA Antananarivo Madagascar

Alloimmunization to platelet antigens exposes to a serious immunological incident. We report a probable case of a post-transfusion purpura from homozygous sickle cell child alloimmunized against platelet antigen. We detail the challenges of alloantibody identification and transfusion management. These challenges are due to the lack of laboratory techniques for typing HLA and HPA system and the use of leukocyte-depleted (filtered) blood products.

关键词： Post Transfusion Purpura Thrombocytopenia Sickle Cell Disease Bumps

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Seroprevalence of <i>Brucella</i>Antibodies and Risk Factors Associated with Human Brucellosis in High-Risk Occupational Groups of the Noun Division in the West Region of Cameroon

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2021年第3期9卷 105-123页

作者： Rolin Mitterran Ndefo Kamga Barberine Silatsa Assongo eugenie Melaine Kemta Magang Amadou Fouapon Moussa Salihou Jules-Roger Kuiate Gustave Simo Molecular Parasitology & Entomology Unit Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Divisional Delegation of Livestock Fisheries and Animal Industries Noun Cameroon Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of Brucella from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of sub-Saharan African countries, little data has been published on human brucellosis. This study aimed to detect Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated to brucellosis among high-risk occupational groups of people in the Noun Division of Cameroon. For this study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors associated with human brucellosis. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from high-risk occupational groups of people in four villages. Plasma was extracted from each sample and Brucella antibodies were detected using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Of the 273 participants enrolled, the overall seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies was 12.45% with RBPT and 10.26% with i-ELISA test. This seroprevalence was significantly (P = 0.04;X2 = 9.73) higher among livestock herdsmen (15.8%), slaughterhouse workers (9.8%), butchers (4.8%), participants having no educational level (14.3%) and those experiencing above 5 years of risky activity (15%). Raw milk consumption (OR: 4.8;P = 0.001), no formal education (OR: 6.4;P = 0.03) and assistance of animal during parturition (OR: 7.2;P Brucella infections. The detection of Brucella antibodies indicates the risk of human brucellosis in some groups of people of the Noun division. Consuming unpasteurized milk, participating in parturition and lacking knowledge on brucellosis appeared as risk factors associated with human brucellosis in western Cameroon. It raises the need of developing and implementing control measures for human and animal brucellosis.

关键词： Brucellosis Risk Factors High-Risk Occupational Groups Cameroon

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