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Statins for age related macular degeneration: promising but unproven

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Annals of Eye Science 2021年第4期6卷 26-30页

作者： Martin A.Mainster Ahmed al-Janabi ana Boris Moreno Andrade Gerardo Ledesma-Gil Department of Ophthalmology University of Kansas School of MedicinePrairie VillageKansasUSA Royal Glamorgan Hospital UK Retina Department Institute of OphthalmologyFundación Conde de ValencianaMexico CityMexico

Statins are used widely to treat hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular *** have inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects potentially useful for managing systemic autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,lupus erythematosus and multiple *** also have anti-oxidative and large-vessel endothelial supportive properties that occur independent of their lipid-lowering ***,statins can suppress macrophage and microglial activation responsible for initiating inflammatory cytokine *** than forty percent of adults aged 65 years or older use statins in the United States and Australia,a prevalence that increases with *** effects of statin usage on ophthalmic practice are probably *** disease and age-related macular degeneration(AMD)share common risk factors,consistent with the“vascular model”of AMD pathogenesis that implicates impaired choroidal circulation in Bruch’s membrane lipoprotein *** has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis involving oxidative stress,choroidal vascular dysfunction,dysregulated complement-cascade-mediated inflammation and pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic growth *** of these components are hypothetically amenable to the primary(cholesterol lowering)and secondary(anti-inflammatory,anti-oxidative,anti-vasculopathy)effects of statin *** studies have been promising,epidemiological trails have produced conflicting results and three prospective clinical trials have been inconclusive at demonstrating the value of statin therapy for delaying or preventing *** evidence to date has failed to prove conclusively that statins are beneficial for preventing or treating AMD.

关键词： Age-related macular degeneration(AMD) inflammation oxidative stress atherosclerosis statins

analysis of the bacterial community composition in acidic well water used for drinking in Guinea-Bissau,West Africa

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第8期26卷 1605-1614页

作者： ana Machado Adriano A.Bordalo Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Ecology Institute of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortoPorto 4050-313Portugal CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of PortoPorto 4050-123Portugal

Potable water is a resource out of reach for millions worldwide,and the available water may be chemically and microbiologically compromised. This is particularly acute in Africa,where water-networks may be non-existent or restricted to a small fraction of the urban population,as in the case of Guinea-Bissau,West Africa. This study was carried out seasonally in Bolama（11°N）,where unprotected hand-dug wells with acidic water are the sole source of water for the population. We inspected the free-living bacterial community dynamics by automated rRNA intergenic spacer analyses,quantitative polymerase chain reaction and cloning *** results revealed a clear seasonal shift in bacterial assemblage composition and microbial abundance within the same sampling site. Temperature,pH and turbidity,together with the infiltration and percolation of surface water,which takes place in the wet season,seemed to be the driving factors in the shaping and selection of the bacterial community and deterioration of water quality. analysis of 16 S rDNA sequences revealed several potential pathogenic bacteria and uncultured bacteria associated with water and sediments,corroborating the importance of a culture-independent approach in drinking water monitoring.

关键词： Water quality Microbial community ARISA qPCR Drinking water Africa

Oil recovery tests with ionic liquids: A review and evaluation of 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate

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Petroleum Science 2022年第4期19卷 1877-1887页

作者： alba Somoza alberto Arce ana Soto CRETUS Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaE-15782Santiago de CompostelaSpain School of Engineering Universidade de A CorunaE-15403FerrolSpain

The main advantages of the use of ionic liquids in enhanced oil recovery are their tunability and stability in harsh environmental conditions. In this work, a comprehensive review of ionic liquids proposed to improve current chemical oil recovery methods has been presented, focusing on core flooding experiments. With an almost infinite number of possible ionic liquids, the amount of experiments carried out up to now has been very limited. However, results are promising, with additional recovery after secondary flooding of up to 32% of the original oil in place. Most formulations with ionic liquids have been proposed for sandstone reservoirs, the number of studies with carbonate cores being very scarce. The possibilities of a new room temperature surface active ionic liquid, 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate,for this application were analyzed. It was shown that it is able to drastically reduce the water/oil interfacial tension. An optimized formulation was proposed for carbonate reservoirs. After secondary flooding with brine, an additional recovery of 10.5% of original oil in place was achieved at room conditions. A combination of the proposed method followed by a polymer flooding step with polyacrylamide led to a lesser but still significant recovery, reducing the costs associated to the ionic liquid.

关键词： Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) Ionic liquids Core flooding Interfacial tension 1-Decyl-3-methylimidazolium triflate

Synthetic gauge fields for ultracold atoms

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National Science Review 2016年第2期3卷 166-167页

作者： ana Maria Rey JILA NIST and Department of PhysicsUniversity of Colorado

Ultracold gases are remarkably versatile and controllable systems with untapped potential to emulate a variety of quantum phenomena[1].Atoms are,however,electrically neutral and therefore it is highly desirable to make them behave as charged *** capability has recently been demonstrated in a series of recent experiments[2-4].although many challenges remain ahead,

关键词： Synthetic gauge fields for ultracold atoms

Ethanol exposed maturing rat cerebellar granule cells show impaired energy metabolism and increased cell death after oxygen-glucose deprivation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第3期14卷 485-490页

作者： ana Spataru Diana Le Duc Leon Zagrean ana-Maria Zagrean Division of Physiology and Neuroscience Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy King's College Hospital London UK Institute of Human Genetics University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics Leipzig GermanyDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology

alcohol, a widely abused drug, has deleterious effects on the immature nervous system. This study investigates the effect of chronic in vitro ethanol exposure on the metabolism of immature rat cerebellar granular cells(CGCs) and on their response to oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD). Primary CGC cultures were exposed to ethanol(100 mM in culture medium) or to control ethanol-free medium starting day one in vitro(DIV1). At DIV8, the expression of ATP synthase gene ATP5 g3 was quantified using real-time PCR, then cultures were exposed to 3 hours of OGD or normoxic conditions. Subsequently, cellular metabolism was assessed by a resazurin assay and by ATP level measurement. ATP5 g3 expression was reduced by 12-fold(P = 0.03) and resazurin metabolism and ATP level were decreased to 74.4 ± 4.6% and 55.5 ± 6.9%, respectively after chronic ethanol treatment compared to control values(P ally, after OGD exposure of ethanol-treated cultures, resazurin metabolism and ATP level were decreased to 12.7 ± 1.0% and 9.0 ± 2.0% from control values(P al dysfunction and should be addressed in future studies.

关键词： cell culture chronic ethanol exposure oxygen-glucose deprivation cerebellar granule cells toxicity gene expression cellular ATP cellular metabolism metabolic impairment cell death

Children in Disaster Risk Reduction in Portugal: Policies,Education,and (Non) Participation

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第3期8卷 246-257页

作者： ana Delicado ussara Rowland Susana Fonseca ana Nunes de al.eida Luísa Schmidt ana Sofia Ribeiro Instituto de Ciências Sociais Universidade de Lisboa1600-189 LisbonPortugal

International agencies and scientific research have been calling for the inclusion of children in disaster preparedness and risk reduction, to hear their voices in order to address their specific needs and vulnerabilities and harness their capabilities in terms of building community resilience. This article assesses the roles ascribed to children in policy and education for disaster risk reduction in Portugal. The approach is based on a scoping methodology that encompasses document analysis and interviews with national and local stakeholders and policymakers in the disaster risk reduction field. The research is carried out within the scope of a European funded project, CUIDAR Cultures of Disaster Resilience among Children and Young People. More specifically, the article provides an overview of the discourses on the roles ascribed to children in urban disaster risk reduction(DRR). The authors maintain that although children are often taken as a target group in urban disaster prevention and management, they are seldom considered in terms of active participation in disaster risk reduction programs in the Portuguese context. Nevertheless, our analysis shows that there is a growing awareness of the relevance of active participation by children in order to create successful DRR.

关键词： Children’s nonparticipation Disaster risk reduction Emergency planning Portugal Risk education

Genetic Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci for Contents of Mineral Nutrients in Rice Grain

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第1期51卷 84-92页

作者： ana Luisa Garcia-Oliveira Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding and State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry China Agricultural University National Centre for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plant Rice Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Genome of Ministry of Agriculture

In present study, Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ca, Mg, P and K contents of 85 introgression lines （ILs） derived from a cross between an elite indica cultivar Teqing and the wild rice （Oryza rufipogon） were measured by inductively coupled argon plasma （ICAP） spectrometry. Substantial variation was observed for all traits and most of the mineral elements were significantly positive correlated or independent except for Fe with Cu. A total of 31 putative quantitative trait loci （QTLs） were detected for these eight mineral elements by single point analysis. Wild rice （O. rufipogon） contributed favorable alleles for most of the QTLs （26 QTLs）, and chromosomes 1,9 and 12 exhibited 14 QTLs （45%） for these traits. One major effect of QTL for zinc content accounted for the largest proportion of phenotypic variation （11%-19%） was detected near the simple sequence repeats marker RM152 on chromosome 8. The co-locations of QTLs for some mineral elements observed in this mapping population suggested the relationship was at a molecular level among these traits and could be helpful for simultaneous improvement of these traits in rice grain by marker assisted selection.

关键词： introgression lines mineral elements Oryza sativa Oryza rufipogon quantitative trait loci.

Evolution of Texture in Grain Oriented Silicon Steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2009年第4期16卷 78-83页

作者： Constantin Gheorghies ana Doniga Faculty of Science Dunarea de Jos University of Galati Faculty of Metallurgy and Materials Science Dunarea de Jos University of Galati

Goss texture or （110）[100] crystallographic orientation of the grains is typical grain structure of grain oriented silicon steel used for transformer. This type of texture is one of the most important parameters determining the magnetic properties of the laminated steel plates. The furination and growth of Goss texture in three steel samples are investigated. Two of them are prepared under laboratory conditions and one under industrial conditions. The em- phasis is put on the effects of hot lamination temperature and time, primary and secondary recrystallization temperatures during cold lamination on developing of the Goss texture in correlation with other texture components. also in all steel processing stages, the influence of the chemical composition on the occurrence of Goss texture is examined.

关键词： silicon steel Goss texture hot rolling process recrystallization annealing temperature

Fungi between extremotolerance and opportunistic pathogenicity on humans

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Fungal Diversity 2018年第6期93卷 195-213页

作者： Cene Gostincar Janja Zajc Metka Lenassi ana Plemenitas Sybren de Hoog Abdullah M.S.al-Hatmi Nina Gunde-Cimerman Department of Biology Biotechnical FacultyUniversity of LjubljanaJamnikarjeva 1011000 LjubljanaSlovenia Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Jozˇef Stefan InstituteJamova 391000 LjubljanaSlovenia National Institute of Biology Vecˇna pot 1111000 LjubljanaSlovenia Institute of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaVrazov trg 21000 LjubljanaSlovenia Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute UtrechtThe Netherlands Center of Expertise in Mycology of RadboudUMC/Canisius Wilhelmina Ziekenhuis NijmegenThe Netherlands Directorate General of Health Services IbriOman

Numerous agents of infections in humans and other mammals are found among fungi that are able to survive extreme environmental conditions and to quickly adapt to novel ***,the relationship between opportunistic potential and polyextremotolerance was not yet studied systematically in ***,the link between polyextremotolerance and opportunistic pathogenicity is shown in a kingdom-wide phylogenetic analysis as a statistically significant co-occurrence of extremotolerance(*** and psychrotolerance)and opportunism at the level of fungal *** addition to extremotolerance,fungal opportunists share another characteristic—an apparent lack of specialised virulence *** is illustrated by a comparative genomic analysis of 20 dothideomycetous and eurotiomycetous black *** the genomes of specialised fungal plant pathogens were significantly enriched in known virulence-associated genes that encode secreted proteases,carbohydrate active enzyme families,polyketide synthases,and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases,no such signatures were observed in human *** the presented results have several *** infection of human hosts is a side effect of fungal stress tolerance and adaptability,the human body is most likely neither the preferred habitat of such species,nor important for their evolutionary *** defines opportunism as opposed to pathogenicity,where infection is advantageous for the species’*** opportunists are generally incapable of the host-to-host transmission,any host-specific adaptations are likely to be lost with the resolution of the infection,explaining the observed lack of specialised virulence *** this scenario opportunistic infections should be seen as an evolutionary dead end and unlikely to lead to true pathogenicity.

关键词： Virulence factor Extremotolerance Stress tolerance Mycosis Opportunistic infection Black yeast