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How small could a pup sound？ The physical bases of signaling body size in harbor seals

Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 457-465页

作者： Andrea RAVIGNANI Stephanie GROSS Maxime GARCIA ana RUbIO-GARCIA bart DE bOER Veterinary & Research Department Sealcentre Pieterburen Hoofdstraat 94a Pieterburen AG 9968 The Netherlands Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 Brussels 1050 Belgium Language and Cognition Department Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics Wundtlaan 1 Nijmegen XD 6525 The Netherlands Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation Werftstrasse 6 Buesum 25761 Germany ENES Lab/Neuro-PSI CNRS UMR9197 University of Lyon/Saint Etienne 23 rue Paul Michelon 42023 Saint-Etienne cedex 2 France

Vocal communication is a crucial aspect of animal behavior. The mechanism which most mam- mals use to vocalize relies on three anatomical components. First, air overpressure is generated in- side the lower vocal tract. Second, as the airstream goes through the glottis, sound is produced via vocal fold vibration. Third, this sound is further filtered by the geometry and length of the upper vocal tract. Evidence from mammalian anatomy and bioacoustics suggests that some of these three components may covary with an animal＇s body size. The framework provided by acoustic al- Iometry suggests that, because vocal tract length （VTL） is more strongly constrained by the growth of the body than vocal fold length （VFL）, VTL generates more reliable acoustic cues to an animal＇s size. This hypothesis is often tested acoustically but rarely anatomically, especially in pinnipeds. Here, we test the anatomical bases of the acoustic allometry hypothesis in harbor seal pups Phoca vitulina. We dissected and measured vocal tract, vocal folds, and other anatomical features of 15 harbor seals post-mortem. We found that, while VTL correlates with body size, VFL does not. This suggests that, while body growth puts anatomical constraints on how vocalizations are filtered by harbor seals＇ vocal tract, no such constraints appear to exist on vocal folds, at least during puppy- hood. It is particularly interesting to find anatomical constraints on harbor seals＇ vocal tracts, the same anatomical region partially enabling pups to produce individually distinctive vocalizations.

关键词： acoustic allometry honest signaling larynx pinniped vocal tract.

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Serum levels of angiotensin converting enzyme as a biomarker of liver fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第48期23卷 8439-8442页

作者： Aline Silva Miranda ana Cristina Sim?es e Silva In-terdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation Faculty of MedicineFederal University of Minas Gerais Laboratory of Neurobiology Department of MorphologyInstitute of Biological SciencesFederal University of Minas Gerais Department of Pediatrics Faculty of MedicineFederal University of Minas Gerais

The renin angiotensin system(RAS) is classically conceived as a circulating hormonal system involved in blood pressure control and hydroelectrolyte balance. The discovery that RAS components are locally expressed in a wide range of organs and tissues,including the liver,pointed to a role for this system in the pathogenesis of several conditions including hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. It has been widely reported that the classical RAS axis composed by the angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE)-angiotensin(Ang) Ⅱ-Ang type 1(AT1) receptor mediates pro-inflammatory,pro-thrombotic,and pro-fibrotic processes. On the other hand,the alternative axis comprising ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor seems to play a protective role by frequently opposing Ang Ⅱ action. Chronic hepatitis b(CHb) is one of the leading causes of liver fibrosis,accounting for the death of nearly one million people worldwide. Liver fibrosis is a key factor to determine therapeutic interventions for patients with CHb. However,the establishment of non-invasive and accurate methods to detect reversible stages of liver fibrosis is still a challenge. In an elegant study published in the 36 th issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology,Noguchi et al showed the predictive value of serum ACE levels in detecting not only advanced stages of liver fibrosis but also initial and intermediate fibrotic stages. The serum levels of ACE might represent an accurate,non-invasive,widely available,and easy method to evaluate fibrosis related to CHb. Moreover,therapies involving the inhibition of the classical RAS axis components might be promising in the control of CHb-related liver fibrosis.

关键词： Renin angiotensin system Angiotensin converting enzyme Angiotensin Ⅱ Angiotensin-(1-7) Chronic hepatitis b hepatic cirrhosis Liver fibrosis

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Mobile Interaction Capturing System in Real Environments

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Computer Technology and Application 2012年第8期3卷 533-543页

作者： Ivan Pretel Garcia ana b. Lago Vilarino Deusto Institute of Technology (DeustoTech) University of Deusto Bilbao 48007 Spain

Mobile applications are being used in a great range of fields and application areas. As a result, many research fields have focused on the study and improvement of such devices. The current Smartphones are the best example of the research and the evolution of these technologies. Moreover, the software design and development is progressively more focused on the user; finding and developing new mobile interaction models. In order to do so, knowing what kind of problems the users could have is vital to enhance a bad interaction design. Unfortunately, a good software quality evaluation takes more time than the companies can invest. The contribution revealed in this work is a new approach to quality testing methodology focused on mobile interactions and their context in use where external capturing tools, such as cameras, are suppressed and the evaluation environments are the same as the user will use the application. by this approach, the interactions can be captured without changing the context and consequently, the data will be more accurate, enabling the evaluation of the quality-in-use in real environments.

关键词： Human computer interaction quality in use mobile services context-awareness.

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Role of melatonin on diabetes-related metabolic disorders

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World Journal of Diabetes 2011年第6期2卷 82-91页

作者： Javier Espino José A Pariente ana b Rodríguez Department of Physiology Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Extremadura

Melatonin is a circulating hormone that is mainly re- leased from the pineal gland. It is best known as a regulator of seasonal and circadian rhythms, its levels being high during the night and low during the day. Interestingly, insulin levels are also adapted to day/night changes through melatonin-dependent synchronization. This regulation may be explained by the inhibiting action of melatonin on insulin release, which is transmitted through both the pertussis-toxin-sensitive membrane receptors MT1 and MT2 and the second messengers 3',5' -cyclic adenosine monophosphate, 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Melatonin may influence diabetes and associated metabolic disturbances not only by regulating insulin secretion, but also by providing protection against reactive oxygen species, since pancreatic β-cells are very susceptible to oxidative stress because they possess only low-antioxidative capacity. On the other hand, in several genetic association studies, single nucleotide polymorphysms of the human MT2 receptor have been described as being causally linked to an elevated risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This suggests that these individuals maybe more sensitive to the actions of melatonin, thereby leading to impaired insulin secretion. Therefore, block- ing the melatonin-induced inhibition of insulin secretion may be a novel therapeutic avenue for type 2 diabetes.

关键词： Melatonin Circadian rhythm Diabetes Insulin secretion Pancreatic β-cell Melatonin receptor

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Shifting perspectives in liver diseases after kidney transplantation

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第7期15卷 883-896页

作者： Iva Kosuta ana Ostojic ana Vujaklija brajkovic Jaksa babel bojana Simunov Maja Sremac Anna Mrzljak Department of Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital Centre ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Liver Transplant CenterUniversity Hospital Centre ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia School of Medicine University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of Nephrology University Hospital MerkurZagreb 10000Croatia

Liver diseases after kidney transplantation range from mild biochemical abnormalities to severe hepatitis or *** causes are diverse and mainly associated with hepatotropic viruses,drug toxicity and metabolic *** the past decade,the aetiology of liver disease in kidney recipients has changed *** relates to the use of direct-acting antiviral agents against hepatitis C virus,the increasing availability of vaccination against hepatitis b and a better understanding of drug-induced *** addition,the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has brought new challenges to kidney *** review aims to provide healthcare professionals with a comprehensive understanding of recent advances in the management of liver complications in kidney recipients and to enable them to make informed decisions regarding the risks and impact of liver disease in this population.

关键词： Kidney transplantation Viral hepatitis Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Drug-induced liver injury COVID-19

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Ileal intussusception due to a parasite egg: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 13191-13194页

作者： José Pedro Pinto Agostinho Cordeiro ana Margarida Ferreira Conceio Antunes Patrícia botelho ana Joo Rodrigues Pedro Leo Department of General Surgery Hospital of Braga 2242 Apartado Portugal Servi?o de anatomia Patológica Hospital de Braga 2242 Apartado Portugal Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS) School of Health Sciences University of Minho Braga 2242 Apartado Portugal ICVS/3b’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory Braga/Guimar?es 2242 Apartado Portugal

Ileal intussusception is the invagination of the small intestine within itself and accounts for 1% of cases of acute obstruction. However, physicians do not initially consider intussusception as a possible diagnosis of obstruction due to its rarity in adults. Herein, we report the case of a 22-year-old male who was admitted to the Emergency Department with continuous abdominal pain. Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed an ileal intussusception. The patient underwent surgical removal of the segment of the small bowel. Unexpectedly, pathology revealed that the invagination occurred due to a parasite egg, with features suggestive of Schistosoma species. Schistosomiasis, although considered a parasitic disease in tropical countries, is not absent from Europe and though it is highly improbable, it may be responsible for cases of intussusception in adults.

关键词： Ileal intussusception Parasite egg bowel obstruction Schistosoma Abdominal pain

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Optimization of InAs/GaAs quantum-dot structures and application to 1.3-μm mode-locked laser diodes

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Chinese Physics b 2014年第2期23卷 512-517页

作者：李密锋倪海桥丁颖 bajek David Kong Liang Cataluna Maria ana 牛智川 State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of Sciences School of Engineering Physics and MathematicsUniversity of Dundee

The self-assembled growth of InAs/GaAs quantum dots by molecular beam epitaxy is conducted by optimizing several growth parameters, using a one-step interruption method after island formation. The dependence of photoluminescence on areal quantum-dot density is systematically investigated as a function of InAs deposition, growth temperature and arsenic pressure. The results of this investigation along with time-resolved photoluminescence measurements show that the com- bination of a growth temperature of 490℃, with a deposition rate of 0.02 ML/s, under an arsenic pressure of 1×10^-6 Torr （1 Torr = 1.33322×10^2 Pa）, provides the best compromise between high density and the photoluminescence of quantum dot structure, with a radiative lifetime of 780 ps. The applicability of this 5-layer quantum dot structure to high-repetition-rate pulsed lasers is demonstrated with the fabrication and characterization of a monolithic InAs/GaAs quantum-dot passively mode-locked laser operating at nearly 1300 nm. Picosecond pulse generation is achieved from a two-section laser, with a 19.7-GHz repetition rate.

关键词： InAs quantum dots molecular beam epitaxy mode-locked laser short pulse

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Elevated nitric oxide and 3',5' cyclic guanosine monophosphate levels in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第2期14卷 236-242页

作者： Cíntia Siqueira Miguel Carneiro de Moura ana Júlia Pedro Paula Rocha Center of Gastroenterology Institute of Molecular Medicine School of Medicine University of Lisbon Portugal Department of Medicine Ⅱ University Hospital of Santa MariaLisbonPortugal

AIM: To evaluate whether serum levels of nitric oxide (NO ·) and plasma levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and total glutathione (GSH) are altered in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and to examine their correlation with the severity of liver ***: Twenty-six patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis were studied. Serum levels of NO · and plasma levels of cGMP and GSH were measured in 7 patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A) and 19 patients with advanced cirrhosis (Child-Pugh b and C). The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was evaluated. Sixteen healthy volunteers served as controls. Liver enzymes and creatinine levels were also ***: NO · and cGMP levels were higher in patients with Child-Pugh b and C cirrhosis than in Child-Pugh A cirrhosis or controls (NO ·: 21.70 ± 8.07 vs 11.70 ± 2.74; 21.70 ± 8.07 vs 7.26 ± 2.47 μmol/L, respectively; P b and C cirrhosis than in patients with Child-Pugh A cirrhosis or controls (16.04 ± 6.06 vs 23.01 ± 4.38 or 16.04 ± 6.06 vs 66.57 ± 26.23 μmol/L, respectively; P between NO · and cGMP levels in all patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. A significant negative correlation between reduced glutathione/glutathione disulfide and the MELD score was found in all cirrhotic ***: Our results suggest a role for oxidative stress in alcoholic liver cirrhosis, which is more significant in decompensated patients with higher levels of NO ·and cGMP and lower GSH levels than in compensated and control patients. Altered mediator levels in decompensated patients may influence the hemodynamic changes in and progression of liver disease.

关键词： Oxidative stress Nitric oxide Alcoholic cirrhosis Fibrosis Model for end-stage liver disease

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Intranasal delivery of nanostructured lipid carriers,solid lipid nanoparticles and nanoemulsions:A current overview of in vivo studies

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica b 2021年第4期11卷 925-940页

作者： Cláudia Pina Costa Joao Nuno Moreira JoséManuel Sousa Lobo ana Catarina Silva UCIbIO/REQUIMTE MedtechLaboratory of Pharmaceutical TechnologyDepartment of Drug SciencesFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of PortoPorto 4050-313Portugal CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell biology Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology(CIBB)University of CoimbraFaculty of Medicine(Pólo I)Coimbra 3004-504Portugal UC-University of Coimbra CIBBFaculty of PharmacyPólo Das Ciências da SaúdeCoimbra 3000-548Portugal FP-ENAS(UFP Energy Environment and Health Research Unit)CEBIMED(Biomedical Research Centre)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity Fernando PessoaPorto 4249-004Portugal

The management of the central nervous system(CNS)disorders is challenging,due to the need of drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier(bbb)and reach the *** the various strategies that have been studied to circumvent this challenge,the use of the intranasal route to transport drugs from the nose directly to the brain has been showing promising *** addition,the encapsulation of the drugs in lipid-based nanocarriers,such as solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs),nanostructured lipid carriers(NLCs)or nanoemulsions(NEs),can improve nose-to-brain transport by increasing the bioavailability and site-specifc *** review provides the state-of-the-art of in vivo studies with lipid-based nanocarriers(SLNs,NLCs and NEs)for nose-to-brain *** on the literature available from the past two years,we present an insight into the different mechanisms that drugs can follow to reach the brain after intranasal *** results of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies are reported and a critical analysis of the differences between the anatomy of the nasal cavity of the different animal species used in in vivo studies is carried *** the exact mechanism of drug transport from the nose to the brain is not fully understood and its effectiveness in humans is unclear,it appears that the intranasal route together with the use of NLCs,SLNs or NEs is advantageous for targeting drugs to the *** systems have been shown to be more effective for nose-to-brain delivery than other routes or formulations with non-encapsulated drugs,so they are expected to be approved by regulatory authorities in the coming years.

关键词： Nose-to-brain delivery Intranasal administration Nanostructured lipid carriers NLC Solid lipid nanoparticles SLN Nanoemulsions In vivo studies Pharmacokinetic Pharmacodynamics

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Systemic epigallocatechin gallate protects against retinal degeneration and hepatic oxidative stress in the P23H-1 rat

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 625-631页

作者： Lorena Perdices Lorena Fuentes-broto Francisco Segura ana Cavero Elvira Orduna-Hospital Gema Insa-Sánchez ana Isabel Sánchez-Cano Laura Fernández-Sánchez Nicolás Cuenca Isabel Pinilla Aragón Institute for Health Research(IIS Aragón) ZaragozaSpain Pharmacology Physiology&Legal and Forensic MedicineUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain Department of Applied Physics University of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain Health Sciences Faculty San Jorge UniversityVillanueva de GállegoSpain Department of Ophthalmology Miguel Servet University HospitalZaragozaSpain Department of Physiology Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of AlicanteAlicanteSpain Department of Surgery Gynecology and ObstetricsUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain/Department of OphthalmologyLozano Blesa University HospitalZaragozaSpain

Retinitis pigmentosa(RP) is a group of inherited retinal disorders that lead to photoreceptor *** has been reported to be related to oxidative stress,autophagy,and inflammation.(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG),the most abundant catechin-based flavonoid in green tea leaves,has significant antioxidant,anti-carcinogenic,antimicrobial,and neuroprotective ***,given its low molecular weight and hydrophilic properties,can cross the blood-retinal barrier and is able to reach different ocular tissues such as the lens,cornea,and *** has been shown to provide retinal protection against ischemia;sodium nitroprusside-,N-methyl-D-aspartate-,lipopolysaccharide-,light-,sodium iodate-,or H2 O2-induced damage and diabetic *** suggests that systemic EGCG administration has the potential to protect against retinal degenerative or neurodegenerative diseases such as *** aim of this work was to investigate whether EGCG can protect against RP progression in the animal P23 H line 1,the model of *** P23 H rats were crossed with pigmented Long Evans rats to produce offspring exhibiting the clinical features of *** P23 H rats were treated via intraperitoneal injection with saline or EGCG at a dose of 25 mg/kg every week from P100 to P160 and then compared to wild-type Long Evans *** treated with EGCG showed better visual and retinal electrical function with increased contrast sensitivity and b-wave values compared with those observed in P23 H rats treated with *** reduced lipid peroxidation and increased total antioxidant capacity and catalase and superoxide dismutase *** differences were observed in visual acuity,nitrate levels,nitrite levels or glutathione S-transferase *** conclusion,EGCG not only reduced the loss of visual function in P23 H rats but also improved the levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduced oxidative *** study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(CE

关键词： antioxidants contrast sensitivity electroretinogram green tea neurodegeneration oxidative stress retinal degeneration retinitis pigmentosa systemic visual acuity

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