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The African Elephant (<i>loxodonta africana</i>): Mini-Review of an Endangered Species

Natural Resources 2020年第8期11卷 317-350页

作者： ana Raquel de Sales Rita Sofia Santos anastácio M. J. pereira Department of Biology University of Aveiro Aveiro Portugal Independent Researcher Aveiro Portugal

Humankind is responsible for conditioning the distribution of species, including the African elephant. From its great physical form to its fascinating social behaviour, loxodonta africana can trigger an admiration in ... 详细信息

Humankind is responsible for conditioning the distribution of species, including the African elephant. From its great physical form to its fascinating social behaviour, Loxodonta africana can trigger an admiration in some and be undervalued by others, often ending up being a victim of human activities. Increasingly, the apparent impossibility of the coexistence of these two species represents a problem for the conservation of the large African mammal. Here it was reviewed the published bibliography about the African savannah elephant (L. africana), between July 2015 and December 2019. The Web of Science (WoS) database enabled the search for the words “Loxodonta africana”. From this research, we obtained 310 articles, 149 of them were analysed. Elephants have characteristics that define its uniqueness that are constantly reported, such as: its cognition and extraordinary memory, factors that influence its movements and its distribution, its specific vocalization and the strong dependence on social connections. Threats to the conservation of the species and the urgency of interventions are also an important subject of discussion. Poaching for ivory represents a major obstacle on conservation and has been drastically reducing the number of elephant populations and causing future consequences for those who thrive. Law enforcement in rana;">educing/prohibit po

关键词： Behaviour Ecosystem Engineer Environmental Awareness Human-Wildlife Conflict loxodonta africana Mitigation Strategies Poaching Wildlife Conservation

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Use of hybrid chitosan membranes and human mesenchymal stem cells from the Wharton jelly of umbilical cord for promoting nerve regeneration in an axonotmesis rat model

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第29期7卷 2247-2258页

作者： Andrea Gärtner Tiago pereira Maria Joāo Simōes Paulo AS Armada-da-Silva Miguel l França Rosa Sousa Simone Bompasso Stefania Raimondo Yuki Shirosaki Yuri Nakamura Satoshi Hayakawa Akiyoshi Osakah Beatriz Porto ana lúcia luís Artur SP Varejāo ana Colette Maurício Animal Science and Study Centre/Food and Agrarian Sciences and Technologies Institute Porto University4099-003 PortoPortugal Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar Veterinary Clinics DepartmentPorto UniversityPorto 4099-003Portugal Faculty of Human Kinetics Technical University of LisbonCruz Quebrada-Dafundo1499-002Portugal Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar Cytogenetic DepartmentPorto UniversityPorto 4099-003Portugal Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri Ottolenghi Foundation Orbassano 10043TurinItaly Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of TurinOrbassano 10010TurinItaly Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530Japan Faculty of Engineering Okayama UniversityOkayama 700-8530Japan Department of Veterinary Sciences Research Centre in SportsHealth and Human DevelopmentUniversity of Trás-os-Montes and Alto DouroVila Real 5001-801Portugal

Many studies have been dedicated to the development of scaffolds for improving post-traumatic nerve regeneration. The goal of this study was to assess the effect on nerve regeneration, associating a hybrid chitosan membrane with non-differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton＇s jelly of umbilical cord, in peripheral nerve reconstruction after crush injury. Chromosome analysis on human mesenchymal stem cell line from Wharton＇s jelly was carried out and no structural alterations were found in metaphase. Chitosan membranes were previously tested in vitro, to assess their ability in supporting human mesenchymal stem cell survival, expansion, and differentiation. For the in vivo testing, Sasco Sprague adult rats were divided in 4 groups of 6 or 7 animals each： Group 1, sciatic axonotmesis injury without any other intervention （Group 1-Crush）; Group 2, the axonotmesis lesion of 3 mm was infiltrated with a suspension of 1 250 -1 500 human mesenchymal stem cells （total volume of 50 pl）（Group 2-CrushCell）; Group 3, axonotmesis lesion of 3 mm was enwrapped with a chitosan type Ill membrane covered with a monolayer of non-differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells （Group 3-CrushChitlllCell） and Group 4, axonotmesis lesion of 3 mm was enwrapped with a chitosan type III membrane （Group 4-CrushChiUll）. Motor and sensory functional recovery was evaluated throughout a healing period of 12 weeks using sciatic functional index, static sciatic index, extensor postural thrust, and withdrawal reflex latency. Stereological analysis was carded out on regenerated nerve fibers. Results showed that infiltration of human mesenchymal stem cells, or the combination of chitosan membrane enwrapment and human mesenchymal stem cell enrichment after nerve crush injury provide a slight advantage to post-traumatic nerve regeneration. Results obtained with chitosan type III membrane alone confirmed that they significantly improve post-traumatic axonal regrowth and may represent

关键词： stem cells mesenchymal stem cells Wharton jelly umbilical cord biomaterials chitosan axonotmesis functional analysis rat karyotype analysis stereological analysis

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Antibacterial enhancement of antibiotic activity by Enterolobium contortisiliquum(Vell.)Morong

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2017年第10期7卷 945-949页

作者： Zildene de Sousa Silveira Nair Silva Macêdo Thiago Sampaio de Freitas ana Raquel.pereira da Silva Joycy Francely Sampaio dos Santos Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga José Galberto Martins da Costa Raimundo Nonato pereira Teixeira Jean Paul Kamdem Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho Francisco Assis Bezerra da Cunha laboratorio de Bioprospeccao do Semioarido Universidade Regional do CaririCratoBrazil laboratorio de Microbiologia e Biologia Molecular Universidade Regional do CaririCratoBrazil laboratorio de Pesquisas de Produtos Naturais Universidade Regional do CaririCratoBrazil Departamento de Ciencias biologicas Universidade Regional do Cariri-URCACratoCEP:63105-000Brazil Programa de Pos-graduacao em Bioprospeccao Molecular Universidade Regional do Cariri–URCACratoBrazil

Objective: To identify the main chemical classes of compounds from aqueous extract of Enterolobium contortisiliquum(E. contortisiliquum) seed bark and to evaluate its antibacterial activity, as well as its potential to increase the activity of antibiotics against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia ***: Different classes of compounds in the aqueous extract of E. contortisiliquum were evaluated based on the visual changes in the coloration and the formation of precipitate after the addition of specific reagents. The antibacterial activity of the extract and its potential to increase of antibiotic activity of antibiotics drugs, gentamicin and norfloxacin was determined by using the microdilution ***: Our results demonstrated that the following secondary metabolites were presented in E. contortisiliquum seed bark: flavones, flavonols, xanthones, flavononols,chalcones, aurones, flavones and catechins. The extract itself had very low antibacterial activity against all bacterial strains tested(MIC ≥ 1024 μg/m l), but there was an increase in the antibiotic activity of gentamicin and norfloxacin when combined in the subinhibitory concentration(i.e., MIC/8).Conclusions: Our data suggests that E. contortisiliquum seed bark may be an alternative source for new drugs with the potential to increase antibiotic activity against different strains of bacteria.

关键词： Antibiotic activity Enhancement Synergism Chemical compounds Bioactivity

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In Vitro Propagation and Conservation of Zeyheria montana Mart:An Endangered Medicinal Plant

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第3期4卷 519-523页

作者： Bianca Waléria Bertoni Rita Maria Moraes laura lemo Previdelli Paulo Sérgio pereira Suzelei de Castro Franca ana Maria Soares pereira UNAERP—Unidade de Biotecnologia de Plantas Medicinais Ribeirao PretoBrasil National Center for Natural Products Research The University of MississippiOxfordUSA

Roots of Zeyheriamontana, a species native to the savanna (Cerrado) region of central Brazil, produce lapachol, a naphthoquinone with anticancer activity. lapachol is also the precursor of β-lapachone, a novel drug candidate for preventive and adjuvant cancer therapies. The leaves of Z. montana are a renewable source of ursolic acid and oleanoic acid, compounds known for their anticancer, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The potential prophylactic use of β-lapachone, as well as the medicinal properties of ursolic acid, highlights the importance of this study on ***’s germplasm conservation. Multiple shoots were induced on Woody Plant media with supplemented 0.1 mg·l-1 of thidiazuron (TDZ). Rooting was promoted on half strength WP (Woody Plant media containing 1.0 mg·l-1 of Indolbutiric acid-IBA). Plantlet acclimatization to ex-vitro condition was done at a 70% success rate using different substrates. It was possible to store ***’s elite germplasm using in vitro cultures of media containing 2% sucrose plus 4% sorbitol for six months without subcultures.

关键词： Cerrado Bignoniaceae Micropropagation Germplasm Storage lapachol and Triterpenes

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Effects of Environmental Water Contamination in the Reproductive System of Mice

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第7期4卷 121-125页

作者： Paulo Augusto Amador pereira ana Julia lichtenfels luiz Alberto Amador pereira Olaf Malm Paulo Hilario Nascimento Saldiva Alfesio luis Ferreira Braga Chin An lin Environmental Epidemiology Study Group Laboratory of Experimental Air PollutionUniversity of Sao Paulo Faculty of Medical SciencesSao PauloBrazil Environmental Risk and Exposure Assessment Group Collective Health Post-Graduation ProgramCatholic University of SantosSantosBrazil Program of Environmental Biophysics and Biotechnology Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas FilhoFederal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Medical Clinics Department University of Sao Paulo Faculty of Medical SciencesSao PauloBrazil

This study investigated the effects on the reproductive system of balb-c mice exposed to water collected from different sources near to a deactivated fertilizer waste depositary. Eighty male mice were separated in four groups: Group A (mineral water);Group B (water from the water treatment station);Group C (water from Cubatao city);Group D (water from the waste depositary region). They were exposed to water since they were weaned until they reached sexual maturity, then they were coupled with females in reproductive age and after this mating time they were sacrificed. The evaluated parameters were testicle weight, sperm analysis, pregnancy rate, sex ratio of the offspring and Sertoli cell count. The analysis of the water did not show presence of pollutants in the Group “A” and Group “C” water. Group “B” showed low level of cadmium, 3.58 ± 0.50 μg/l. Group “D” showed the presence of PAH’s and high levels of lead (221 ± 16 μg/l), cadmiun (12.6 ± 1.2 μg/l) and mercury (5.3 ± 1.1 μg/l). The tests of levene and Kolmogorov-Smirnov were employed to verify the homogeneity of the variances and the tack to the normal curve, respectively. ANOVA was used for parametric tests and Kruskall-Wallis was used for non-parametric tests, while Turkey tests were employed for multiple comparisons. There were no differences between groups in testicle weight, sperm analysis, pregnancy rate and Sertoli cell count. There was a significant reduction in sex-ratio of the offspring in Group B. This alteration cannot be explained by the cadmium levels in Group B water. In the present study we cannot associate the exposition to contaminated water from the waste depositary and reproductive alterations.

关键词： Pollution Reproduction Metals Organic Pollutants Mice

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Production and Recovery of Rhamnolipids Using Sugar Cane Molasses as Carbon Source

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2010年第11期4卷 27-33页

作者： ana Carmen Santos Marcio Silva Bezerra Heloize dos Santos pereira Everaldo Silvino dos Santos GoreteRibeiro de Macedo Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Center of Technology Chemical Engineering Department Biochemical Engineering Laboratory Campus Universitario Lagoa Nova 3000 CEP.＇59072-970 Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil

Biosurfactants were synthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa （P.A.）, using sugar cane molasses as carbon source. Assays were conducted in a shaker with agitation speed of 200 rpm, temperature of 38 ℃ and aeration ratio （Vm/Vf） of 0.4 and 0.6. A concentration of 3.0% was used for the carbon and energy source （molasses） and of 0.3% for the nitrogen source （NaNO3）. Samples were removed at regular times until 96 hours of cultivation. The reduction in surface tension was measured using the ring method; cell concentration was obtained by the dry mass and substrate consumption by the DNS method. The metabolite produced was extracted and quantified by the thioglycolic method. The results showed a maximum surface tension reduction of 46.57% after 60 h, 3.63 g/l of biomass after 8 h （μXmax =0.15 h^-1）, 79.60% of substrate consumption （μs= 0.67 h-1） and 4.47 g/l of rhamnolipid （μp=0.029 h^-1）.

关键词： Biosurfactants molasses rhamnolipids Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

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hsa-miR-29c and hsa-miR-135b differential expression aspotential biomarker of gastric carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第6期22卷 2060-2070页

作者： Amanda Ferreira Vidal Aline MP Cruz leandro Magalhães Adenilson l.pereira ana KM anaissi Nélisson CF Alves Paulo JBS Albuquerque Rommel MR Burbano Samia Demachki Ândrea Ribeiro-dos-Santos Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do ParáCidade Universitária Prof.JoséSilveira NettoBelémPA 66075-970Brasil laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémPA 66075-970Brasil Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do ParáBelémPA 66075-970Brasil laboratório de Citogenética Humana-Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do ParáBelémPA 66075-970Brasil Hospital São Camilo e São luís-Rua Dr.Marcelo Cândia MacapáAP 68901-901Brasil Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto Universidade Federal do ParáBelémPA 66075-970Brasil Instituto de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal do ParáBelémPA 66075-970Brasil

AIM: To investigate the expression profiles of hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b in gastric mucosal samples and their values as gastric carcinogenesis biomarkers. METHODS: The expression levels of hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b in normal gastric mucosa, non-atrophic chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and intestinaltype gastric adenocarcinoma were analysed using quantitative real-time PCR. The difference between hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b expression profiles in the grouped samples was evaluated by ANOVA and Student's t-test tests. The results were adjusted for multiple testing by using Bonferroni's correction. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. To evaluate hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b expressions as potential biomarkers of gastric carcinogenesis, we performed a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the derived area under the curve, and a Categorical Principal Components analysis. In silico identification of the genetic targets of hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b was performed using different prediction tools, in order to identify possible genes involved in gastric ***: The expression levels of hsa-mi R-29 c were higher in normal gastric mucosal samples, and decreased progressively in non-atrophic chronic gastritis samples, intestinal metaplasia samples and intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma samples. The expression of hsa-mi R-29 c in the gastric lesions showed that non-atrophic gastritis have an intermediate profile to gastric normal mucosa and intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma, and that intestinal metaplasia samples presented an expression pattern similar to that in intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. This micro RNA(mi RNA) has a good discriminatory accuracy between normal gastric samples and(1) intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma; and(2) intestinal metaplasia, and regulates the DMNT3 A oncogene. hsa-mi R-135 b is up-regulated in non-atrophic chronic gastritis and intestinal m

关键词： Gastric cancer Gastric lesions Micro RNA Biomarker Carcinogenesis

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Polyphenolic composition, antibacterial, modulator and neuroprotective activity of Tarenaya spinosa(Jacq.) Raf.(Cleomaceae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第1期9卷 12-17页

作者： Francisca Samara Muniz dos Santos Jose Weverton Almeida Bezerra Jean Paul Kamdem Aline Augusti Boligon Marli Matiko Anraku ana Raquel.pereira da Silva Kleber Ribeiro Fidelis Nadghia Figueiredo leite Antonio Ivanildo Pinho Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho Jose Edilson Goncalves dos Santos Microscopy laboratory Regional University of Cariri (URCA) Program Post graduate in Plant Biology (UFPE) Phytochemical laboratory Department of Industrial Pharmacy Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) Microbiology and Molecular Biology laboratory Regional University of Cariri (URCA)

Objective: To evaluate the antibacterial activity and neuroprotective capacity of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Tarenaya spinosa(T. spinosa) as well as to determine and quantify some of its polyphenols by high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection(HPlC-DAD). Methods: The bacterial Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, grown in Heart Agar Infusion, were tested. The drugs gentamicin, norfloxacin and imipenem were used to evaluate the modulating or antagonistic capacity of the T. spinosa extracts. The extract was analysed by HPlC-DAD to determine the main phenolic compounds. For the cell viability tests, individual heads of the Nauphoeta cinerea arthropod model were removed, homogenized in Trifluoromethyl ketone and centrifuged afterwards. Subsequently, 20 μl of NaN O2 were added to the biological material, except in the control group, to evaluate the protection capacity of the extracts. The homogenate of the insect heads was incubated for 2 h in tubes containing tetrazolium bromide. Results: HPlC-DAD demonstrated that the ethanolic extract of T. spinosa presented caffeic acid as the major compound. The ethanolic extract also showed neuroprotective effects at concentrations ≥ 10 μg/ml, while aqueous extract was shown to have a protective effect only at the concentration of 100 μg/ml. The aqueous extract demonstrated a clinically relevant antibacterial activity against the Staphylococcus aureus multidrug resistant strain-MDR, with MIC 512 μg/m l. However, when the extracts were associated with gentamicin and imipenem, a synergism was detected against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli MDR strains. Conclusions: Although it does not present an antibacterial action, the extracts of T. spinosa can be used in the pharmaceutical industries since its extracts show modulating action of drugs. Besides, these natural products have neuroprotective capacity.

关键词： Tarenaya spinosa Cleome spinose Nauphoeta cinerea Synergism Antibiotic resistance

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<i>In Vitro</i>Priming of Sugarcane Varieties (RB966928 and RB867515)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第4期9卷 763-774页

作者： Rafaela pereira Duarte Rodrigo Kelson Silva Rezende Fernanda Pinto Maílson Vieira Jesus Izaias Rodrigues da Silva Junior ana Maria Scoton Faculty of Agrarian Sciences Federal University of Grande Dourados Dourados Brazil

Sugarcane, as a glycophyte, shows sensitivity to saline soils at various stages of its growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro priming response in two sugarcane varieties (RB966928 and RB867515). Micropropagated plants, from meristems, received priming treatments by adding the salts (NaCl and KCl) in different concentrations (0.0;12.5;25.0 and 50.0 mM), in the MS medium. Subsequently, the plants were cultivated in rooting medium without addition of salts, acclimatized and submitted to gradient ex vitro saline stress with 20 → 40 and 60 mM, of each salt, for 30 days. The analyzed variables were dry matter of shoot and root, number of tillers and estimation of chlorophyll content. The experiment was carried out in a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial arrangement, in a completely randomized experimental design. Twenty replicates were used throughout the experiment. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression and the means were compared by Tukey’s test, at a 5% probability level. The priming treatments presented a significant effect, with triple interaction, in the chlorophyll index. In the treatment with NaCl, the variety RB966928 showed an increase in the chlorophyll index with the increase of treatment levels, up to an optimal limit of 31.47 mM. On the other hand, the variety RB867515 showed decreasing in chlorophyll index. In contrast, in KCl treatment, the variety RB867515 presented the increase at the chlorophyll index with the maximum point of 25 mM. For the variables, shoot dry matter (SDM) and root dry matter (RDM) there was a significant difference (p 0.05 and p 0.01, respectively) only between the varieties. The variety RB966928 presented higher SDM and RDM in relation to the variety RB867515. Studies are recommended with increasing the duration of the priming treatments and more detailed study of the culture throughout its productive cycle.

关键词： Salinity Stress Micropropagation Saccharum officinarum l.

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Prevalence, Risk Factors and Intra-Hospital Outcomes Relating to Peri-Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Newborns of Gestational Age less than 34 Weeks

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第7期11卷 898-910页

作者： ana Frante de Holanda Pinto Vasconcelos Kaliny da Silva Galvão Rodrigo Daudt Tenório ana clara Monteiro laranjeira Délia Maria de M. l. Herrmann Diêgo lucas Ramos e Silva Juliana Barbosa Nunes Cavalcante Jamille Campos Sousa Euclides Maurício Trindade Filho Biological Science Nucleus Cesmac University Center Maceió Alagoas Brasil Biological Science Nucleus State University of Health Science of Alagoas-UNCISAL Maceió Alagoas Brasil Department of Biological Science Federal University of Alagoas Maceió Alagoas Brasil

Peri-intraventricular hemorrhage is one of the main causes of neurological impairment in premature newborns. To control their risk factors is necessary in view of the increasing survival of extreme preterm infants. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of peri-intraventricular hemorrhage in premature newborns, identify the risk factors and observe the frequencies of intra-hospital outcomes of interests. Methods: This study was done in Brazil. This was an observational, analytical longitudinal and prospective study. The subjects included were newborns of gestational age less than 34 weeks who were admitted to two public hospitals between May and November 2015. To assess possible associated factors, obstetric, perinatal andana;"> neonatal data were analyzed (chorioamnionitis, antenatal corticosteroids, gestational age, newborn weight, Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes, resuscitation in the delivery room, surfactant in the delivery room, newborn transferre

关键词： Premature Newborn Peri-Intraventricular Hemorrhage Risk Factors Trans-fontanelle Ultrasonography

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