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The Development of Sino-Ecuadorian Economic Relations——Based on the Perspective of Comparative analysis about Ecuadorian-Sino and Peru-Sino Economic Relations

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The Development of Sino-Ecuadorian Economic Relations——Bas...

作者： EGAS GALLEGOS ana bel.N 华东师范大学

学位级别：硕士

随着中国国际地位的提升,中国通过贸易和资本外流对拉丁美洲产生了重要影响。这些资本外流已经发展成基础设施、融资和外国直接投资项目。在拉丁美洲地区,厄瓜多尔是为了寻找替代发展的途径,而与中国建立起密切经济联系的国家之一。本... 详细信息

随着中国国际地位的提升,中国通过贸易和资本外流对拉丁美洲产生了重要影响。这些资本外流已经发展成基础设施、融资和外国直接投资项目。在拉丁美洲地区,厄瓜多尔是为了寻找替代发展的途径,而与中国建立起密切经济联系的国家之一。本文重点关注2007-2017年期间中厄发展情况,以深入探讨“与中国的双边关系对厄瓜多尔的发展有何贡献”这一问题。这项研究对于厄瓜多尔等拉美国家具有重要意义,使其明确能否依靠与中国的经济关系获得持续的发展。本文提供了中国对外贸易和对外直接投资的数据,对理论分析进行了概述,并对各国制定的政策、法律和战略进行了解释。为了验证和支撑研究中提出的论点,我将中国与秘鲁的经济关系作为对照,来改进厄瓜多尔的经济战略。之所以选择秘鲁,是因为他在现实中与厄瓜多尔有着很多相似的地方,而且与中国有着更高水平的经济合作。我的初步研究发现,厄瓜多尔必须提高其在地区合作中的参与度,促进互补性经济,实现工业经济的共同增长,以免成为仅仅依靠资源的国家。如果不能实现这一目标,像厄瓜多尔这样的小国将永远不能维护其有长期利益,与中国的经济联系也仅是一种依附关系。本研究也希望对理解在拉美的COFDI做出贡献。

关键词：中国厄瓜多尔外国直接投资国际贸易秘鲁双边关系

Overlap of reflux and eosinophilic esophagitis in two patients requiring different therapies:A review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第9期14卷 1463-1466页

作者： Javier Molina-Infante Lucía Ferrando-Lamana Jose María Mateos-Rodríguez bel.n Pérez-Gallardo ana Beatriz Prieto-Bermejo Unit of Gastroenterology Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara Avda. Pablo Naranjo s/n 10003 Caceres Spain Department of Pathology. Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara Avda. Pablo Naranjo s/n 10003 Caceres Spain

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EE) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have overlapping clinical, manometric, endoscopic and histopathologic features. The diagnosis of EE is nowadays based upon the presence of 15 or more eosinophils per high power field (eo/HPF) in esophageal biopsies. We report the cases of two young males suffering from dysphagia and recurrent food impaction with reflux esophagitis and more than 20 eo/HPF in upper-mid esophagus biopsies, both of which became asymptomatic on proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The first patient also achieved a histologic response, while EE remained in the other patient after effective PPI treatment, as shown by 24-h esophageal pH monitoring. Topical steroid therapy combined with PPI led to complete remission in this latter patient. GERD and EE may be undistinguishable, even by histology, so diagnosis of EE should only be established after a careful correlation of clinical, endoscopic and pathologic data obtained under vigorous acid suppression. These diagnostic difficulties are maximal when both diseases overlap. Limited data are available about this topic, and the interaction between EE and GERD is a matter of debate. In this setting, upper-mid esophagus step biopsies and esophageal pH monitoring of patients on PPI therapy are pivotal to evaluate the role of each disease. A PPI trial is mandatory in patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of EE; in those unresponsive to PPI treatment, EE should be suggested. However, a clinical response to PPI may not rule out quiescent EE, as shown in this report.

关键词： Eosinophils Eosinophilic esophagitis Gastroesophageal reflux Proton pump inhibitors Overlap

Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation Secondary to a Critic Thyroid Status after Aortoaortic Bypass: A Peculiar Case Report

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2017年第5期7卷 130-133页

作者： ana bel.n Fernández Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Unit Ntra Sra de Candelaria University Hospital Santa Cruz de Tenerife Spain

Central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is a rare condition and defined as a syndrome comprising normal or elevated arterial oxygen tension, decreased arterial carbon dioxide tension, respiratory alkalosis with hyperventilation even during sleep, and the absence of a peripheral respiratory stimulus. The diagnosis of CNH requires the exclusion of pulmonary, cardiac, metabolic-immunological disorders and some medicines that can result in hyperventilation. We detailed the case of CNH in the 4th day after vascular surgery probably secondary to acute metabolic acidosis with hyperlactatemia, due to severe hypothyroidism in the context of critically ill patient.

关键词： Lactic Acidosis Metabolic Acidosis Myxedema Coma Central Neurogenic Hyperventilation

Hepatitis C virus NS5A region mutation in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients who are non-responders to two or more treatments and its relationship with response to a new treatment

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第25期23卷 4538-4547页

作者： Paloma Munoz de Rueda José Manuel Fuentes RodríguezRosa Quiles Pérez ana Gila Medina ana bel.n Martínálvarez Jorge Casado Ruíz ángeles Ruíz Extremera Javier Salmerón Research Support Unit San Cecilio University Hospital of Granada Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria CIBERehd Instituto de Salud Carlos III Unit for Clinical Management of Digestive Diseases San Cecilio University Hospital of Granada Granada University

To determine the number of mutations in the NS5A region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its relationship to the response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 who are non-responders to two or more treatments. METHODSSequences within HCV NS5A [PKR binding domain (PKRBD) and the interferon-sensitivity-determining region (ISDR)] were analysed via direct sequencing in a selected cohort of 72 patients, with a total of 201 treatments [interferon-alpha (IFN-α), n = 49; IFN-α + ribavirin (RBV), n = 75; pegylated (peg) IFN-α + RBV, n = 47; first-generation direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), n = 13; and second-generation DAAs, n = 17]. Of these, 48/201 achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) and 153/201 achieved no virological response (NVR). RESULTSFor both regions, treatments resulting in SVR were associated with more baseline mutations than were treatments resulting in NVR (SVR vs NVR; PKRBD: 5.82 ± 3 vs 4.86 ± 2 mutations, P = 0.045; ISDR: 2.65 ± 2 vs 1.51 ± 1.7 mutations, P = 0.005). A decrease or no change in the number of mutations over time between treatments in the PKRBD or ISDR, as shown by sequencing, was associated with patients who usually failed to respond to treatment (PKRBD, P = 0.02; ISDR, P = 0.001). Moreover, patients showing a post-treatment baseline viral load > 600000 IU/mL and increased ISDR mutations with respect to the previous treatment were 9.21 times more likely to achieve SVR (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONThe obtained results show that among patients who have shown no response to two or more antiviral treatments, the likelihood of achieving SVR increases with the genetic variability in the ISDR region (≥ 2 mutations or number of substitutions from the HCV-J and HCV-1 prototype), especially when the viral load is greater than 600000 IU/mL.

关键词： Interferon-based therapy Interferon-free therapy Chronic hepatitis C NS5A region Sustained virological response Number of mutations

Neurological manifestations of Zika virus infection

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World Journal of Virology 2016年第4期5卷 135-143页

作者： ana-bel.n Blázquez Juan-Carlos Saiz Department of Biotechnology Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria28040 MadridSpain

Zika virus(ZIKV) is a flavivirus(Flaviviridae family) transmitted mainly by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus was restricted to the African continent until its spread to south-east Asia in the 1980's, the Micronesia in 2007, the French Polynesia in 2013 and, more recently in the Americas in 2015, where, up to date, the World Health Organization(WHO) has estimated about 3-4 million total cases of ZIKV infection. During outbreaks in the French Polynesia and Brazil in 2013 and 2015, respectively, national health authorities reported potential neurological complications of ZIKV disease, chiefly an upsurge in Guillain-Barré syndrome, which coincided with ZIKV outbreaks. On the other hand, the emergence of ZIKV in Brazil has been associated with a striking increase in the number of reported cases of microcephaly in fetus and newborns, twenty times higher than in that reported in previous years. While investigations are currently assessing whether there is an actual association between neurological complications and ZIKV infections, the evidence was enough worrisome for WHO to declare a public health emergency of international concern. Here we present an updated review addressing what is currently known about the possible association between ZIKV infection and the development of severe neurological disorders.

关键词： Zika virus Flavivirus Microcephaly Guillain-Barrésyndrome Transmission routes

VAMP2 is implicated in the secretion of antibodies by human plasma cells and can be replaced by other synaptobrevins

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第4期15卷 353-366页

作者： Laura Gómez-Jaramillo Raquel Romero-García Gema Jiménez-Gómez Lisa Riegle ana bel.n Ramos-Amaya JoséAntonio Brieva Marie Kelly-Worden Antonio Campos-Caro Unidad de Investigación Hospital Universitario Puerta del MarCádizSpain Department of Biology Ball State UniversityMuncieINUSA

The production and secretion of antibodies by human plasma cells(PCs)are two essential processes of humoral *** secretion process relies on a group of proteins known as soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors(SNAREs),which are located in the plasma membrane(t-SNAREs)and in the antibody-carrying vesicle membrane(v-SNARE),and mediate the fusion of both *** have previously shown that SNAP23 and STX4 are the t-SNAREs responsible for antibody ***,using human PCs and antibody-secreting cell lines,we studied and characterized the expression and subcellular distribution of vesicle associated membrane protein(VAMP)isoforms,demonstrating that all isoforms(with the exception of VAMP1)are expressed by the referenced ***,the functional role in antibody secretion of each expressed VAMP isoform was tested using *** results show that VAMP2 may be the v-SNARE involved in vesicular antibody *** further support this conclusion,we used tetanus toxin light chain to cleave VAMP2,conducted experiments to verify co-localization of VAMP2 in antibody-carrying vesicles,and demonstrated the coimmunoprecipitation of VAMP2 with STX4 and SNAP23 and the in situ interaction of VAMP2 with *** together,these findings implicate VAMP2 as the main VAMP isoform functionally involved in antibody secretion.

关键词： exocytosis human immunoglobulin plasma cells VAMP proteins

Advantages of solitonic shape pulses for full-optical wireless communication links

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Chinese Optics Letters 2012年第4期10卷 1-3页

作者： José María Garrido Balsells Antonio Jurado-Navas Miguel Castillo-Vázquez ana bel.n Moreno-Garrido Antonio Puerta-Notario Department of Communications Engineering University of Málaga Campus de Teatinos s/n E-29071 Málaga Spain

We propose the use of a power pulse shape of the widely known optical soliton, corresponding to the hyperbolic secant square function, for both conventional atmospheric optical communication systems and, especially, for new full-optical wireless communications. We analyze the performance of the proposed pulse in terms of peak-to-average optical power ratio （PAOPR） and bit error rate （BER）. During the analysis, we compare the proposed pulse shape against conventional rectangular and Gaussian pulse shapes with reduced duty cycle. Results show the noticeable superiority of the proposed pulse for atmospheric optical links.

关键词： Advantages of solitonic shape pulses for full-optical wireless communication links

Endoscopic recommendations for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease:Review of general recommendations

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017年第6期9卷 255-262页

作者： Jose María Huguet Patricia Suárez Luis Ferrer-Barceló Lucía Ruiz ana Monzó ana bel.n Durá Javier Sempere Digestive Disease Department General University Hospital of Valencia46014 ValenciaSpain

Screening for colorectal cancer(CRC) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is recommended by all scientific societies. However, there are differences in the recommendations they make regarding screening and surveillance. We address a series of questions that come up in the daily clinical practice of a physician. The first two questions that are raised are:(1) Who should be offered screening for CRC? and(2) When should the first colonoscopy be performed? The next step is to decide who should undergo endoscopic surveillance and at what intervals they should be performed. Chromoendoscopy is emerging as the recommended endoscopic technique for screening and surveillance. The terminology for describing lesions detected with endoscopy is also changing. The management of visible lesions or non-visible dysplasia is also a motive for the review. We end the review by addressing the followup for endoscopically resected lesions. These questions often cannot be answered easily due to the varying degrees of evidence available; therefore, we have made some general recommendations based on those made by the various guidelines and consensuses. The first screening colonoscopy should be offered 8 years after a IBD diagnosis and we recommend that patients be stratified according to the individual risk for each for endoscopic surveillance intervals.

关键词： Colitis surveillance Colitis screening Chromoendoscopy Colorectal cancer Inflammatory bowel disease

hsa-miR-29c and hsa-miR-135b differential expression aspotential biomarker of gastric carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第6期22卷 2060-2070页

作者： Amanda Ferreira Vidal Aline MP Cruz Leandro Magalhães Adenilson L Pereira ana KM anaissi Nélisson CF Alves Paulo JBS Albuquerque Rommel MR Burbano Samia Demachki Ândrea ribeiro-dos-Santos Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do ParáCidade Universitária Prof.JoséSilveira NettoBelémPA 66075-970Brasil Laboratório de Genética Humana e Médica Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémPA 66075-970Brasil Pós-Graduação em Neurociências e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do ParáBelémPA 66075-970Brasil Laboratório de Citogenética Humana-Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal do ParáBelémPA 66075-970Brasil Hospital São Camilo e São Luís-Rua Dr.Marcelo Cândia MacapáAP 68901-901Brasil Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto Universidade Federal do ParáBelémPA 66075-970Brasil Instituto de Ciências da Saúde Universidade Federal do ParáBelémPA 66075-970Brasil

AIM: To investigate the expression profiles of hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b in gastric mucosal samples and their values as gastric carcinogenesis biomarkers. METHODS: The expression levels of hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b in normal gastric mucosa, non-atrophic chronic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and intestinaltype gastric adenocarcinoma were analysed using quantitative real-time PCR. The difference between hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b expression profiles in the grouped samples was evaluated by ANOVA and Student's t-test tests. The results were adjusted for multiple testing by using Bonferroni's correction. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. To evaluate hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b expressions as potential biomarkers of gastric carcinogenesis, we performed a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the derived area under the curve, and a Categorical Principal Components analysis. In silico identification of the genetic targets of hsa-mi R-29 c and hsa-mi R-135 b was performed using different prediction tools, in order to identify possible genes involved in gastric ***: The expression levels of hsa-mi R-29 c were higher in normal gastric mucosal samples, and decreased progressively in non-atrophic chronic gastritis samples, intestinal metaplasia samples and intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma samples. The expression of hsa-mi R-29 c in the gastric lesions showed that non-atrophic gastritis have an intermediate profile to gastric normal mucosa and intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma, and that intestinal metaplasia samples presented an expression pattern similar to that in intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma. This micro RNA(mi RNA) has a good discriminatory accuracy between normal gastric samples and(1) intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma; and(2) intestinal metaplasia, and regulates the DMNT3 A oncogene. hsa-mi R-135 b is up-regulated in non-atrophic chronic gastritis and intestinal m

关键词： Gastric cancer Gastric lesions Micro RNA Biomarker Carcinogenesis