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Past and recent advances in sugarcane cytogenetics

The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 1-8页

作者： Kai Wang Hui Zhang Haris Khurshid Ayman.esh Caiwen Wu Qinnan Wang Nathalie Piperidis School of Life Sciences Nantong UniversityNantong 226019JiangsuChina Sugar Research Australia Mackay 4740Australia Institute of Nanfan&Seed Industry Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510316GuangdongChina Sugarcane Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKaiyuan 661600YunnanChina Sugar Crops Research Institute Agriculture Research CenterGiza 12111Egypt Oilseeds Research Program National Agricultural Research CentreIslamabad 44000Pakistan

The Saccharum genus comprises species with large and variable chromosome numbers, leading to challenges in genomic studies and breeding improvement. Cytogenetics, including classical and molecular approaches, has played a central role in deciphering the genome structure, classification, and evolution of the genus Saccharum. The application of fluorescence in situ hybridization using oligonucleotide probes significantly improved our understanding of the complex genomes of Saccharum species. This paper reviews the application and progress of cytogenetic techniques in Saccharum. Future applications of cytogenetics are discussed, as they could benefit both genomic studies and breeding of sugarcane as well as other plants with complex genomes.

关键词： Cytogenetics Sugarcane FISH Chromosome Oligo-FISH

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Characterization of meiotic chromosome behavior in the autopolyploid Saccharum spontaneum reveals preferential chromosome pairing without distinct DNA sequence variation

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作物学报:英文版 2023年第5期11卷 1550-1558页

作者： Xin Zhang Zhuang Meng Jinlei Han Haris Khurshid Ayman.esh Robert Hasterok Kai Wang School of Life Sciences Nantong UniversityNantong 226019JiangsuChina Plant Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Group Institute of BiologyBiotechnology and Environmental ProtectionFaculty of Natural SciencesUniversity of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice 40-032Poland College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002FujianChina Sugar Crops Research Institute Agriculture Research CenterGiza 12111Egypt Oilseeds Research Program National Agricultural Research CentreIslamabad 44000Pakistan

Autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy may represent an evolutionary advantage and are more common in plants than assumed. However, less attention has been paid to autopolyploidy than to allopolyploidy,and its evolutionary consequences are largely unclear, especially for plants with high ploidy levels. In this study, we developed oligonucleotide(oligo)-based chromosome painting probes to identify individual chromosomes in S. spontaneum. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH), we investigated chromosome behavior during pachytene, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase of meiosis I(MI) in autotetraploid,autooctoploid, and autodecaploid S. spontaneum clones. All autopolyploid clones showed stable diploidized chromosome behavior;so that homologous chromosomes formed almost exclusively bivalents during MI. Two copies of homologous chromosome 8 with similar sizes in the autotetraploid clone showed preferential pairing with each other with respect to the other copies. However, sequence variation analysis showed no apparent differences among homologs of chromosome 8 and all other chromosomes. We suggest that either the stable diploidized pairing or the preferential pairing between homologous copies of chromosome 8 in the studied autopolyploid sugarcane are accounted for by unknown mechanisms other than DNA sequence similarity. Our results reveal evolutionary consequences of stable meiotic behavior in autopolyploid plants.

关键词： Autopolyploidy Saccharum spontaneum Meiosis I Chromosome behavior Chromosome pairing

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