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Shock tube design for high intensity blast waves for laboratory testing of armor and combat materiel

Defence Technology（防务技术） 2014年第2期10卷 245-250页

作者： Elijah courtney amy courtney Michael courtney BTG Research P.O.Box 62541Colorado Springs Exponent Inc.3440 Market StreetPhiladelphia

Shock tubes create simulated blast waves which can be directed and measured lo study blast wave effects under laboratory *** is desirable to increase available peak pressure from ~1 MPa to ~5 MPa to simulate closer blast sources and facilitate development and testing of personal and vehicle *** methods are experimentally investigated to increase peak simulated blast pressure produced by an oxyacetylene driven shock tube while maintaining suitability for laboratory *** first method is the addition of a Shchelkin spiral priming section which supports a deflagration to detonation *** approach increases the average peak pressure from 1.17 MPa to 5.33 MPa while maintaining a relevant pressure-time curve(near Friedlander waveform).The second method is a bottleneck between the driving and driven *** a 79 mm diameter driving section to a 53 mm driven section increases the peak pressure from 1.17 MPa to 2.25 MPa.A 103 mm driving section is used to increase peak pressure to 2.64 *** third method,adding solid fuel to the driving section with the oxyacetylene,results in a peak pressure increasing to 1.70 MPa.

关键词：实验室测试激波管冲击波装甲高强度峰值压力设计物资

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Alteration of TAC1 expression in Prunus species leads to pleiotropic shoot phenotypes

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 632-640页

作者： courtney A.Hollender Jessica M.Waite amy Tabb Doug Raines Srinivasan Chinnithambi Chris Dardick USDA-ARS Appalachian Fruit Research Station KearneysvilleWV25430USA Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA

Prunus persica(peach)trees carrying the“Pillar”or“Broomy”trait(br)have vertically oriented branches caused by loss-of-function mutations in a gene called TILLER ANGLE CONTROL 1(TAC1).TAC1 encodes a protein in the IGT gene family that includes LAZY1 and DEEPER ROOTING 1(DRO1),which regulate lateral branch and root orientations,*** we found that some of the native TAC1 alleles in the hexaploid plum species Prunus domestica,which has a naturally more upright stature,contained a variable length trinucleotide repeat within the same exon 3 region previously found to be disrupted in pillar peach *** silencing of TAC1 in plum resulted in trees with severely vertical branch orientations similar to those in pillar peaches but with an even narrower *** contrast,PpeTAC1 overexpression in plum led to trees with wider branch angles and more horizontal branch *** peach trees and transgenic plum lines exhibited pleiotropic phenotypes,including differences in trunk and branch diameter,stem growth,and twisting branch *** profiling of pillar peach trees revealed differential expression of numerous genes associated with biotic and abiotic stress,hormone responses,plastids,reactive oxygen,secondary,and cell wall ***,the data provide important clues for understanding TAC1 function and show that alteration of TAC1 expression may have broad applicability to agricultural and ornamental tree industries.

关键词： TAC1 branch Prunus

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Genome of tetraploid sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) ‘Montmorency’ identifies three distinct ancestral Prunus genomes

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Horticulture Research 2023年第7期10卷 22-39页

作者： Charity Z.Goeckeritz Kathleen E.Rhoades Kevin L.Childs amy F.Iezzoni Robert VanBuren courtney A.Hollender Department of Horticulture Michigan State University1066 Bogue StEast LansingMI 48824USA Department of Plant Biology Michigan State University612 Wilson RoadEast LansingMI 48824USA

Sour cherry(Prunus cerasus L.)is a valuable fruit crop in the Rosaceae family and a hybrid between progenitors closely related to extant Prunus fruticosa(ground cherry)and Prunus avium(sweet cherry).Here we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly for sour cherry cultivar Montmorency,the predominant cultivar grown in the *** also generated a draft assembly of *** to use alongside a published *** sequence for syntelog-based subgenome assignments for‘Montmorency’and provide compelling evidence *** is also an *** hierarchal k-mer clustering and phylogenomics,we show‘Montmorency’is trigenomic,containing two distinct subgenomes inherited from a ***-like ancestor(A and A’)and two copies of the same subgenome inherited from a ***-like ancestor(BB).The genome composition of‘Montmorency’is AA’BB and little-to-no recombination has occurred between progenitor subgenomes(A/A’and B).In Prunus,two known classes of genes are important to breeding strategies:the self-incompatibility loci(S-alleles),which determine compatible crosses,successful fertilization,and fruit set,and the Dormancy Associated MADS-box genes(DAMs),which strongly affect dormancy transitions and flowering *** S-alleles and DAMs in‘Montmorency’and *** were manually annotated and support subgenome ***,the hybridization event‘Montmorency’is descended from was estimated to have occurred less than 1.61 million years ago,making sour cherry a relatively recent ***‘Montmorency’genome highlights the evolutionary complexity of the genus Prunus and will inform future breeding strategies for sour cherry,comparative genomics in the Rosaceae,and questions regarding neopolyploidy.

关键词： Prunus cherry breeding

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Alcohol metabolites and lipopolysaccharide: Roles in the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第10期15卷 1209-1218页

作者： courtney S Schaffert Michael J Duryee Carlos D Hunter Bartlett C Hamilton 3rd amy L DeVeney Mary M Huerter Lynell W Klassen Geoffrey M Thiele Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center 986350 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198-6350 United States Veterans Administration Alcohol Research Center Omaha Veterans Administration Medical Center 4101 Woolworth Avenue Omaha NE 68105 United States Department of Pathology and Microbiology University of Nebraska Medical Center 986495 Nebraska Medical Center Omaha NE 68198-6495 United States

The onset of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is initiated by different cell types in the liver and a number of different factors including: products derived from ethanol-induced inflammation, ethanol metabolites, and the indirect reactions from those metabolites. Ethanol oxidation results in the production of metabolites that have been shown to bind and form protein adducts, and to increase inflammatory, fibrotic and cirrhotic responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has many deleterious effects and plays a significant role in a number of disease processes by increasing inflammatory cytokine release. In ALD, LPS is thought to be derived from a breakdown in the intestinal wall enabling LPS from resident gut bacterial cell walls to leak into the blood stream. The ability of adducts and LPS to independently stimulate the various cells of the liver provides for a two-hit mechanism by which various biological responses are induced and result in liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of a two-hit combination of ethanol metabolites and LPS on the cells of the liver to increase inflamma-tion and fi brosis, and play a role in the development and/or progression of ALD.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Inflammation Fibrosis Sinusoidal liver endothelial cells Kupffer cells Hepatocyte Stellate cells Precision cut liver slices

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