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Epac2-deficiency leads to more severe retinal swelling, glial reactivity and oxidative stress in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion induced ischemic retinopathy

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第6期58卷 521-530页

作者： LIU Jin YEUNG Patrick Ka Kit CHENG Lu LO amy Cheuk Yin CHUNG Stephen Sum Man CHUNG Sookja Kim Department of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Department of Ophthalmology Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Research Centre of Heart Brain Hormone and Healthy Aging Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Division of Science and technology United International College Zhuhai 519085 China State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology The University of Hong Kong

Ischemia occurs in diabetic retinopathy with neuronal loss, edema, glial cell reactivity and oxidative stress. Epacs, consisting of Epac 1 and Epac2, are cAMP mediators playing important roles in maintenance of endothelial barrier and neuronal functions to investigate the roles of Epacs in the pathogenesis of ischemic retinopathy, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion （tMCAO） was performed on Epacl-deficient （Epacl-/- ） mice, Epac2-deficient （Epac2-/-） mice, and their wild type counter-parts （Epacl＋/＋ and Epac2＋/＋）. two-hour occlusion and 22-hour reperfusion were conducted to induce ischemia/reperfusion injury to the retina. After tMCAO, the contralateral retinae displayed similar morphology between different genotypes. Neu-ronal loss, retinal edema and increase in immunoreactivity for aquaporin 4 （AQP4）, glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）, peroxiredoxin 6 （Prx6） were observed in ipsilateral retinae. Epac2 / ipsilateral retinae showed more neuronal loss in retinal ganglion cell layer, increased retinal thickness and stronger immunostaining of AQP4, GFAP, and Prx6 than those of Epac2＋/＋. However, Epacl-/- ipsilateral retinae displayed similar pathology as those in Epacl＋/＋ mice. Our observations suggest that Epac2-deficiency led to more severe ischemic retinopathy after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

关键词： Epac retina ischemia retinopathy

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解析阿尔君·阿帕杜莱《消失的现代性：全球化的文化维度》

解析阿尔君·阿帕杜莱《消失的现代性：全球化的文化维度》

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2020年

作者： amy Young Evrard

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Protease supplementation reduced the heat increment of feed and improved energy and nitrogen partitioning in broilers fed maize-based diets with supplemental phytase and xylanase

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 19-25页

作者： Klint W.McCafferty Mingan Choct Sosthene Musigwa Natalie K.Morgan Aaron J.Cowieson amy F.Moss USDA-ARS Poultry Research Unit School of Environmental and Rural SciencesMississippi State39762United States University of New England ArmidaleNSW2351Australia DSM Nutritional Products Kaiseraugst4303Switzerland

An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of digestible amino acid(dAA)concentrations and supplemental protease on live performance and energy partitioning in *** 308 male broilers(n?288)were distributed into 24 floor pens and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates from 1 to 35 d of *** treatments consisted of a 2×2 factorial arrangement with dAA concentrations(standard and reduced[34 g/kg below standard])and supplemental protease(without or with)as the main *** 1,15,28,and 35 d of age,feed and broilerswereweighed to determine live ***20 to 23 d of age,a total of 32 birds(2 birds/chamber,4 replicates)were placed in closed-calorimeter chambers to determine respiratory exchange(heat production,HP),apparent metabolisable energy(AME),retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE).From 29 to 35 d of age,supplemental protease in the reduced-dAA diet decreased broiler feed conversion ratio(FCR)by 5.6 points,whereas protease supplementation in the standard-dAA diet increased FCR by 5.8 *** indirect calorimetry assay revealed that supplemental protease decreased(Pthe heat increment of feed(HIF)by 0.22 MJ/***,from 20 to 23 d of age,broilers offered the reduced-dAA diet with supplemental protease had a higher daily body weight gain(BWG)(t10.4%),N intake(t7.1%),and N retention(t8.2%)than those offered the standard-dAA with supplemental *** offered the reduced-dAA without supplemental protease exhibited a 3.6%higher AME-to-crude protein(CP)ratio than those offered other *** supplementation in the standard-and reduced-dAA diets resulted in 2.7%and 5.6%lower AME intake-to-N retention ratios,respectively,compared with the unsupplemented ***-dAA increased(Ptake(t4.8%),RE(t9.8%),NE intake(t5.8%),NE intake-to-CP ratio(t3.0%),and RE fat-to-RE ratio(t8.6%).Protease supplementation increased(Ptory quotient(t1.2%)and N retention-to-N intake ratio(t2.2%),

关键词： Exogenous enzyme Mono-component protease Net energy Amino acid

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BK viral infection: A review of management and treatment

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World Journal of transplantation 2023年第6期13卷 309-320页

作者： June Hayrelle Gorriceta amy Lopez Otbo Genta Uehara Maria Aurora Posadas Salas Department of Medicine St Francis Hospital-BartlettBartlettTN 38133United States Department of Medicine St.Luke’s Medical CenterQuezon 1112Philippines Department of Medicine Division of NephrologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC 29425United States

BK viral infection remains to be a challenging post-transplant infection,which can result in kidney *** mainstay approach to BK infection is reduction of *** in immunosuppressive regimen with minimization of calcineurin inhibitors,use of mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors,and leflunomide have been attempted with variable *** the past few years,investigators have explored potential therapeutic options for BK *** prophylaxis and treatment was found to have no benefit in kidney transplant *** utility of cidofovir is limited by its *** immunoglobulin is becoming a popular option for treatment and prophylaxis for BK infection,as it increases the neutralizing antibody titers against the most common BK virus ***-specific t cell therapy is an emerging treatment option for BK *** this review,we will explore management and therapeutic options for BK infection and recent evidence available in literature.

关键词： BK infection Kidney transplant treatment Management

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Feasibility of similarity coefficient map for improving morphological evaluation of t_2* weighted MRI for renal cancer

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第3期22卷 539-549页

作者：王浩宇 Hu Jiani 谢耀钦陈杰 Yu amy 魏新华戴勇鸣 Li Meng 包尚联 E.M.Haacke Beijing Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Engineering Peking University Department of Radiology Wayne State UniversityDetroit 48201USA Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Health InformationInstitute of Advanced Technology Changzhou First People's Hospital Department of Radiology Guangzhou First Municipal People's Hospital Siemens Healthcare China MR Collaboration NE Asia

the purpose of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of using a similarity coefficient map（SCM） in improving the morphological evaluation of t2＊ weighted（t2＊W） magnatic resonance imaging（MRI） for renal *** studies and in vivo 12-echo t2＊W experiments for renal cancers were performed for this *** results of the first simulation study suggest that an SCM can reveal small structures which are hard to distinguish from the background tissue in t2＊W images and the corresponding t2＊ *** capability of improving the morphological evaluation is likely due to the improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） and the carrier-to-noise ratio（CNR） by using the SCM *** with t2＊ W images,an SCM can improve the SNR by a factor ranging from 1.87 to *** with t2＊ maps,an SCM can improve the SNR by a factor ranging from 3.85 to *** with t2＊W images,an SCM can improve the CNR by a factor ranging from 2.09 to *** with t2＊ maps,an SCM can improve the CNR by a factor ranging from 1.94 to *** a given noise level,the improvements of the SNR and the CNR depend mainly on the original SNRs and CNRs in t2＊W images,*** vivo experiments confirmed the results of the first simulation *** results of the second simulation study suggest that more echoes are used to generate the SCM,and higher SNRs and CNRs can be achieved in *** conclusion,an SCM can provide improved morphological evaluation of t2＊W MR images for renal cancer by unveiling fine structures which are ambiguous or invisible in the corresponding t2＊W MR images and t2＊ ***,in practical applications,for a fixed total sampling time,one should increase the number of echoes as much as possible to achieve SCMs with better SNRs and CNRs.

关键词： renal cancer t2* weighted MRI similarity coefficient map

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Bidirectional impact of imperfect mask use on reproduction number of COVID-19:A next generation matrix approach

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 405-408页

作者： David N.Fisman amy L.Greer Ashleigh R.tuite Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of TorontoTorontoCanada Department of Population Medicine University of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada

the use of masks as a means of reducing transmission of COVID-19 outside healthcare settings has proved *** are thought to have two modes of effect:they prevent infection with COVID-19 in wearers;and prevent transmission by individuals with subclinical *** used a simple next-generation matrix approach to estimate the conditions under which masks would reduce the reproduction number of COVID-19 under a threshold of *** model takes into account the possibility of assortative mixing,where mask users interact preferentially with other mask *** make 3 key observations:***,even with suboptimal efficacy in both prevention of acquisition and transmission of infection,could substantially decrease the reproduction number for COVID-19 if widely *** masking may be sufficient to suppress epidemics where R has been brought close to 1 via other measures(e.g.,distancing).3.“Assortment”within populations(the tendency for interactions between masked individuals to be more likely than interactions between masked and unmasked individuals)would rapidly erode the impact of *** such,mask uptake needs to be fairly universal to have an *** simple model suggests that widespread uptake of masking could be determinative in suppressing COVID-19 epidemics in regions with R(t)at or near 1.

关键词： Masks Epidemiology COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Next generation matrix Mixing Assortative Epidemics

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Assessing Stream Health in the Chesapeake Basin Using the SHARP Model

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2012年第4期2卷 71-78页

作者： toby N. Carlson amy t. Haase Cynthia N. Cudaback Michael C. Anderson Department of Meteorology Penn State University University Park PA NOAA/NWS/MDL Silver Spring MD Ocean and You Raleigh NC Spatial Information technologies Inc. State College

An assessment of stream health within the Chesapeake Bay Basin can be made using the Stream Health and Runoff Potential (SHARP) model, which is based solely on the relationship between land cover and stream constituents: total phosphorus (tP), total nitrogen (tN), and total suspended sediment (tSS). While not intended to compete with more complex models that utilize a range of specific input data, SHARP’s advantage is that it requires little input, is easily applied, and can show whether a stream or watershed is likely to be impacted (impaired). the model allows the user to define a watershed boundary on screen within which a stream health index (SHI), concentrations of tP, tN and tSS, percentages of five land cover types, a color-coded land cover snapshot, impervious surface area and fractional vegetation cover are output. the paper describes SHARP, its output and an overview of how it can be used.

关键词： Stream Health Water Quality Chesapeake Bay Basin Nutrient Sediment Loads

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Molecular mimicry and multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第17期6卷 1322-1333页

作者： Michael Namaka Sabina Kapoor Leann Simms Christine Leong amy Grossberndt Michael Prouta Emma Frost Farid Esfahani Andrew Gomori Michael R. Mulvey Cellular Neuroscience Research team Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaR3T 2N2Canada Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Clinic Health Sciences CentreDepartment of NeurologyWinnipegManitobaR3A 1R9Canada Faculty of Medicine University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaR3T 2N2Canada

Multiple sclerosis （MS） is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Although the exact underlying mechanism leading to myelin destruction is unknown, the molecular mimicry theory is the most commonly acknowledged elucidation of MS pathology. Although various antigens have been associated with MS induction, this review presents studies focused on key bacterial and viral antigens that lead to the development of MS. the research specific to a molecular mimicry theory of MS via each implicated agent is weak; however, collectively the reports provide credible support for this theory. Given that homologous sequences are not required to lead to antigenic cross-reactivity, it is reasonable to conclude that certain viral and bacterial antigens with 5-10 similar amino acids in sequence can lead to self destruction of similar myelin sequences. thus, this literature review has provided insight to further the understanding of the etiology of multiple sclerosis.

关键词： antibodies autoimmune diseases molecular mimicry multiple sclerosis neurodegenerative diseases

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Beyond the Pediatric end-stage liver disease system: Solutions for infants with biliary atresia requiring liver transplant

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第32期20卷 11062-11068页

作者： Mary Elizabeth M tessier Sanjiv Harpavat Ross W Shepherd Girish S Hiremath Mary L Brandt amy Fisher John A Goss Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital Houston Department of Surgery Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s HospitalHouston

Biliary atresia(BA), a chronic progressive cholestatic disease of infants, is the leading cause for liver transplant in children, especially in patients under two years of age. BA can be successfully treated with the Kasai portoenterostomy; however most patients still require a liver transplant, with up to one half of BA children needing a transplant by age two. In the current pediatric end-stage liver disease system, children with BA face the risk of not receiving a liver in a safe and timely manner. In this review, we discuss a number of possible solutions to help these children. We focus on two general approaches:(1) preventing/delaying need for transplantation, by optimizing the success of the Kasai operation; and(2) expediting transplantation when needed, by performing techniques other than the standard deceased-donor, whole, ABO-matched organ transplant.

关键词： Biliary atresia Liver transplantation Pediatric liver disease Pediatric end-stage liver disease Kasai operation Newborn screening Surgical outcomes Living-related donor transplantation Split liver transplantation ABO-incompatible liver transplantation

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Do introduced honeybees affect seed set and seed quality in a plant adapted for bird pollination?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 721-729页

作者： amy-Marie Gilpin Justin C.Collette Andrew J.Denham Mark K.J.Ooi David J.Ayre Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions School of Biological SciencesUniversity of WollongongNorthfields AvenueWollongongNSW 2522Australia NSW Department of Premier and Cabinet Office of Environment and HeritagePO Box 1967HurstvilleNSW 2220Australia Centre for Ecosystem Science School of BiologicalEarth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia

Aims Worldwide,evidence suggests that exotic pollinators can disrupt plant mating ***,few studies have determined if pol-lination by the honeybee Apis mellifera(the world’s most widely introduced pollinator)reduces offspring quality when compared with pollination by native *** Australian Proteaceae provides an excellent opportunity to test the impact of honeybees in pol-lination systems that are adapted to birds and non-flying *** We compared the frequency of flower visitation and foraging behav-iour of birds and insects within seven populations of Banksia *** ericifolia is hermaphroditic and has large nectar-rich,orange inflorescences typical of bird and mammal pollinated *** a subset of the study populations,we compared the qual-ity of seed produced via an exclusion treatment(that only allowed invertebrates to access flowers)with an open-pollination treatment(potentially visited by mammals,birds and invertebrates),by meas-uring seed weight,germination rates(t50),percent germination,seedling height after 14 days since the emergence of the cotyledon and time to emergence of the *** Findings Apis mellifera was the only apparent insect pollinator and the most frequent flower visitor,while the open treatment inflorescences were also frequently visited by avian pollinators,primarily hone-yeater *** foraging behaviour of honeybees and honeyeat-ers showed striking differences that potentially affect patterns of pollen *** made significantly greater proportions of within *** plant movements and only 30%(n=48)of honeybees foraged for pollen(nectar foragers carried no pollen)whilst all birds were observed to contact both stigmas and anthers when foraging for *** these fundamental differences in behaviour,there was little effect of treatment on seed set or *** data show that while honeybees appear to alter patterns of pollen transfer within *** popu

关键词： Apis mellifera Banksia ericifolia Proteaceae seedling performance seed vigour

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