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Protease supplementation reduced the heat increment of feed and improved energy and nitrogen partitioning in broilers fed maize-based diets with supplemental phytase and xylanase

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 19-25页

作者： Klint W.McCafferty Mingan Choct Sosthene Musigwa Natalie K.Morgan Aaron J.Cowieson amy F.Moss USDA-ARS Poultry Research Unit School of Environmental and Rural SciencesMississippi State39762United States University of New England ArmidaleNSW2351Australia DSM Nutritional Products Kaiseraugst4303Switzerland

An experiment was conducted to explore the effects of digestible amino acid(dAA)concentrations and supplemental protease on live performance and energy partitioning in *** 308 male broilers(n?288)were distributed into 24 floor pens and offered 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 6 replicates from 1 to 35 d of *** treatments consisted of a 2×2 factorial arrangement with dAA concentrations(standard and reduced[34 g/kg below standard])and supplemental protease(without or with)as the main *** 1,15,28,and 35 d of age,feed and broilerswereweighed to determine live ***20 to 23 d of age,a total of 32 birds(2 birds/chamber,4 replicates)were placed in closed-calorimeter chambers to determine respiratory exchange(heat production,HP),apparent metabolisable energy(AME),retained energy(RE),and net energy(NE).From 29 to 35 d of age,supplemental protease in the reduced-dAA diet decreased broiler feed conversion ratio(FCR)by 5.6 points,whereas protease supplementation in the standard-dAA diet increased FCR by 5.8 *** indirect calorimetry assay revealed that supplemental protease decreased(Pthe heat increment of feed(HIF)by 0.22 MJ/***,from 20 to 23 d of age,broilers offered the reduced-dAA diet with supplemental protease had a higher daily body weight gain(BWG)(t10.4%),N intake(t7.1%),and N retention(t8.2%)than those offered the standard-dAA with supplemental *** offered the reduced-dAA without supplemental protease exhibited a 3.6%higher AME-to-crude protein(CP)ratio than those offered other *** supplementation in the standard-and reduced-dAA diets resulted in 2.7%and 5.6%lower AME intake-to-N retention ratios,respectively,compared with the unsupplemented ***-dAA increased(Ptake(t4.8%),RE(t9.8%),NE intake(t5.8%),NE intake-to-CP ratio(t3.0%),and RE fat-to-RE ratio(t8.6%).Protease supplementation increased(Ptory quotient(t1.2%)and N retention-to-N intake ratio(t2.2%),

关键词： Exogenous enzyme Mono-component protease Net energy Amino acid

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BK viral infection: A review of management and treatment

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World Journal of transplantation 2023年第6期13卷 309-320页

作者： June Hayrelle Gorriceta amy Lopez Otbo Genta Uehara Maria Aurora Posadas Salas Department of Medicine St Francis Hospital-BartlettBartlettTN 38133United States Department of Medicine St.Luke’s Medical CenterQuezon 1112Philippines Department of Medicine Division of NephrologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC 29425United States

BK viral infection remains to be a challenging post-transplant infection,which can result in kidney *** mainstay approach to BK infection is reduction of *** in immunosuppressive regimen with minimization of calcineurin inhibitors,use of mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors,and leflunomide have been attempted with variable *** the past few years,investigators have explored potential therapeutic options for BK *** prophylaxis and treatment was found to have no benefit in kidney transplant *** utility of cidofovir is limited by its *** immunoglobulin is becoming a popular option for treatment and prophylaxis for BK infection,as it increases the neutralizing antibody titers against the most common BK virus ***-specific t cell therapy is an emerging treatment option for BK *** this review,we will explore management and therapeutic options for BK infection and recent evidence available in literature.

关键词： BK infection Kidney transplant treatment Management

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Physiological approaches to understanding molecular actions on dorsolateral prefrontal cortical neurons underlying higher cognitive processing

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Zoological Research 2015年第6期36卷 314-318页

作者： Min WANG amy F.t.ARNStEN Department of Neurobiology School of Medicine Yale University

Revealing how molecular mechanisms influence higher brain circuits in primates will be essential for understanding how genetic insults lead to increased risk of cognitive disorders. traditionally, modulatory influences on higher cortical circuits have been examined using lesion techniques, where a brain region is depleted of a particular transmitter to determine how its loss impacts cognitive function. For example, depletion of catecholamines or acetylcholine from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex produces striking deficits in working memory abilities. More directed techniques have utilized direct infusions of drug into a specific cortical site to try to circumvent compensatory changes that are common following transmitter depletion. the effects of drug on neuronal firing patterns are often studied using iontophoresis, where a minute amount of drug is moved into the brain using a tiny electrical current, thus minimizing the fluid flow that generally disrupts neuronal recordings. All of these approaches can be compared to systemic drug administration, which remains a key arena for the development of effective therapeutics for human cognitive disorders. Most recently, viral techniques are being developed to be able to manipulate proteins for which there is no developed pharmacology, and to allow optogenetic manipulations in primate cortex. As the association cortices greatly expand in brain evolution, research in nonhuman primates is particularly important for understanding the modulatory regulation of our highest order cognitive operations.

关键词： Lesion Microinfusion Iontophoresis Viral manipulations Systemic administration

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Persistent EGFR/K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation drives chemo-resistance and early tumor relapse in triple-negative breast cancer

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 691-702页

作者： amy H.tang Richard A.Hoefer Mary L.Guye Harry D.Bear Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology Leroy T.Canoles Jr.Cancer Research CenterEastern Virginia Medical SchoolNorfolkVA 23507USA School of Systems Biology George Mason UniversityManassasVA 20110USA Sentara Cancer Network Sentara HealthcareNorfolkVA 23507USA Sentara Surgery Specialists Surgical OncologySentara CarePlex HospitalNewport NewsVA 23606USA Division of Surgical Oncology Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and ImmunologyMassey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA 23298-0011USA

triple-negative breast cancer(tNBC)is the most aggressive breast cancer *** disproportionately affects BRCA mutation carriers and young women,especially African American(AA)*** tNBC is a heterogeneous and molecularly unstable disease that challenges our ability to apply personalized *** the approval of immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)for tNBC,the addition of pembrolizumab to systemic chemotherapy has become standard of care(SOC)in neoadjuvant systemic therapy(NSt)for high-risk early-stage *** plus chemotherapy significantly increased the pathologic complete response(pCR)and improved event-free survival in ***,clinical uncertainties remain because similarly treated tNBC partial responders with comparable tumor responses to neoadjuvant therapy often experience disparate clinical *** methods fall short in accurately predicting which high-risk patients will develop chemo-resistance and tumor ***,novel treatment strategies and innovative new research initiatives are *** propose that the EGFR-K-RAS-SIAH pathway activation is a major tumor driver in chemoresistant *** high expression of SIAH in residual tumors following NACt/NSt reflects that the EGFR/K-RAS pathway remains activated(ON),indicating an ineffective response to *** chemoresistant tumor clones persist in expressing SIAH(SIAH^(High/ON))and are linked to early tumor relapse and poorer ***,the loss of SIAH expression(SIAH^(Low/OFF))in residual tumors post-NACt/NSt reflects EGFR/K-RAS pathway inactivation(OFF),indicating effective therapy and chemo-sensitive tumor ***^(Low/OFF) signal is linked to tumor remission and better prognosis post-NACt/***,SIAH is well-positioned to become a novel tumor-specific,therapy-responsive,and prognostic ***,this new biomarker(SIAH^(High/ON))could be used to quantify therapy response,predict chemo-resistance,and identi

关键词： triple-negative breast cancer(tNBC) chemo-resistance seven in absentia(SINA)and human homologs of SINA(SIAH)E3 ligase ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis EGFR/K-RAS/SIAH pathway activation in tNBC neoadjuvant chemotherapy prognosis patient risk stratification detection of chemo-resistance precision quantification of therapy efficacy and treatment optimization

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Reversal of the diabetic bone signature with anabolic therapies in mice

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Bone Research 2023年第2期11卷 328-339页

作者： Silvia Marino Nisreen Akel Shenyang Li Meloney Cregor Meghan Jones Betiana Perez Gaston troncoso Jomeeka Meeks Scott Stewart amy YSato Intawat Nookaew teresita Bellido Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System John L.Mc Clellan Little RockLittle RockARUSA Department of Biostatistics University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Winthrop P.Rockefeller Cancer Institute University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittleRockARUSA

the mechanisms underlying the bone disease induced by diabetes are complex and not fully understood;and antiresorptive agents,the current standard of care,do not restore the weakened bone ***,we reveal the diabetic bone signature in mice at the tissue,cell,and transcriptome levels and demonstrate that three FDA-approved bone-anabolic agents correct *** decreased bone mineral density(BMD)and bone formation,damaged microarchitecture,increased porosity of cortical bone,and compromised bone ***(PtH),abaloparatide(ABL),and romosozumab/anti-sclerostin antibody(Scl-Ab)all restored BMD and corrected the deteriorated bone ***,PtH and more potently ABL induced similar responses at the tissue and gene signature levels,increasing both formation and resorption with positive balance towards bone *** contrast,Scl-Ab increased formation but decreased *** agents restored bone architecture,corrected cortical porosity,and improved mechanical properties of diabetic bone;and ABL and Scl-Ab increased toughness,a fracture resistance ***,all agents increased bone strength over the healthy controls even in the presence of severe *** findings demonstrate the therapeutic value of bone anabolic agents to treat diabetes-induced bone disease and suggest the need for revisiting the approaches for the treatment of bone fragility in diabetes.

关键词： signature porosity corrected

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Lessons from Entrepreneurs

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2022年第7期 32-33,49,50页

作者： amy Vetter 马励(译) 不详

你的早晨可以决定接下来的整个工作日。难怪有这么多成功的商业人士遵循严格的晨间惯例。这也不仅仅是个人偏好,因为科学理论证明大多数这样的行为有效。如果你想把自己的工作做到最好、并且成为一个更有工作效率的人,建议试着遵循这四... 详细信息

你的早晨可以决定接下来的整个工作日。难怪有这么多成功的商业人士遵循严格的晨间惯例。这也不仅仅是个人偏好,因为科学理论证明大多数这样的行为有效。如果你想把自己的工作做到最好、并且成为一个更有工作效率的人,建议试着遵循这四个常见的晨间习惯。1.早起成功者不会睡懒觉。他们早早起来,准备迎战这一天。早起者有许多优势。

关键词：个人偏好晨间 Lesson 商业人士工作效率工作日成功者

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A ONE-StOP LOGIStIC SERVICES FRAMEWORK SUPPORtING GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN COLLABORAtION

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2016年第2期25卷 229-253页

作者： amy J.C. trappey Charles V. trappey Sandy W.C. Chang W.t. Lee tun Nien Hsu Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan China Department of Management Science National Chiao Tung University Taiwan China technology Center for Service Industries Industrial Technology Research Institute Taiwan China

A global enterprise must continuously improve the efficiency of logistic operations between supply chain collaborators. Integrating logistic services, resources, and necessary information flows in the supply chain to ensure efficiency and efficacy is critically important to these companies. Global logistic service companies face challenges from their clients to provide logistic services that are cost effective, accurate, and seamlessly integrate material, information and cash flows. In this research, an improved framework for one-stop logistic services is systematically designed, analyzed, and evaluated. the one-stop logistic service framework, defmed in four models, is developed to provide enterprises with integrated and comprehensive services within the global supply chain context. the levels of service importance are assessed using a four categories questionnaire. this research provides a case study of the implementation of one-stop logistic services in the distribution industry and demonstrates the framework operating under different demand conditions. Finally, system dynamics causal evaluation is used to evaluate the advantages of the logistic service framework.

关键词： One-stop logistic services logistic management supply chain management system dynamics modeling

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Simultaneous vs staged treatment of urolithiasis in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy

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世界临床病例杂志 2014年第11期2卷 698-704页

作者： Boyd R Viers Matthew K tollefson David E Patterson Matthew t Gettman amy E Krambeck Mayo Clinic Department of Urology Rochester MN 55902 United States

AIM: to assess the outcomes of men treated for urolithiasis at the time of radical ***: From 1991 to 2010, 22 patients were retrospectively identified who were treated simultaneously(n = 10) at radical prostatectomy, or(n = 12) within 120 d prior to prostatectomy, for urolithiasis. Clinical characteristics were reviewed including: type of prostatectomy and stone surgery, location and amount of stone burden, perioperative change in hemoglobin and creatinine, stent frequency, total hospital d, stone-free rates, additional stone procedures and complications. Long-term functional outcomes including stress urinary incontinence and bladder neck contracture were reported. Differences between cohorts(simultaneous vs staged treatment) were assessed. RESULtS: Among men undergoing radical prostatectomy, primary stone procedures included 12 ureteroscopy, 6 shock wave lithotripsy, 2 open nephrolithotomyand 2 percutaneous nephrolithotomy. In staged shock wave lithotripsy there were 4 complications and 3 additional procedures vs 1(P = 0.5) and 0(P = 0.2) in the simultaneous cohort. Meanwhile in staged ureteroscopy there were 5 complications and 1 additional procedure vs 1(P = 0.2) and 1(P = 0.9) in the simultaneous cohort. Additional procedures for residual stones was greater among patients with asymptomatic upper tract calculi 3(60%) relative to patients with symptomatic stones 2(13%; P = 0.02). Likewise, patients with proximal or multiple calculi had a greater total hospital days 5.5 vs 4.1(P = 0.04), additional procedures 6 vs 0(P = 0.04) and lower stone-free rates 39% vs 89%(P = 0.02) relative to men with distal stones. Finally, there was no difference in the incidence of bladder neck contracture(P = 0.4) or stress urinary incontinence(P = 0.7) between ***: Ureteroscopic treatment of symptomatic distal urolithiasis at radical prostatectomy appears to be safe and efficacious with a low rate of adverse postoperative outcomes.

关键词： Urolithiasis Kidney stone Prostate cancer Radical prostatectomy

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Systematic Errors Induced by the Elliptical Power-law model in Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Lens Modeling

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第2期22卷 143-172页

作者： Xiaoyue Cao Ran Li J.W.Nightingale Richard Massey Andrew Robertson Carlos SFrenk Aristeidis Amvrosiadis Nicola CAmorisco Qiuhan He amy Etherington Shaun Cole Kai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences20A Datun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100012China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute for Computational Cosmology Physics DepartmentDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH13LEUnited Kingdom

the elliptical power-law model of the mass in a galaxy is widely used in strong gravitational lensing ***,the distribution of mass in real galaxies is more *** quantify the biases due to this model mismatch by simulating and then analyzing mock Hubble Space telescope imaging of lenses with mass distributions inferred from SDSS-Ma NGA stellar dynamics *** find accurate recovery of source galaxy morphology,except for a slight tendency to infer sources to be more compact than their true *** Einstein radius of the lens is also robustly recovered with 0.1%accuracy,as is the global density slope,with 2.5%relative systematic error,compared to the 3.4%intrinsic ***,asymmetry in real lenses also leads to a spurious fitted"external shear"with typical strengthγext=***,time delays inferred from lens modeling without measurements of stellar dynamics are typically underestimated by~5%.Using such measurements from a sub-sample of 37 lenses would bias measurements of the Hubble constant H0 by~9%.Although this work is based on a particular set of Ma NGA galaxies,and the specific value of the detected biases may change for another set of strong lenses,our results strongly suggest the next generation cosmography needs to use more complex lens mass models.

关键词： galaxies:structure galaxies:halos gravitational lensing:strong

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the breast tumor microenvironment alters the phenotype and function of natural killer cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第5期13卷 628-639页

作者： tamara Krnetal amy Gillgrass Marianne Chew Ali A. Ashkar Department of Pathology and Hamilton. ON. Canada. Molecular Medicine McMaster Immunology Research Center and Institute for Infectious Disease McMaster University

Natural killer （NK） ceils are innate immune cells with the ability to identify and eliminate transformed cells. However, within tumors, many studies have described NK cells as non-functional. the developmental stage of tumor-associated NK cells and how this may relate to functionality has not been explored. We examined the developmental state of NK cells from polyoma middle t antigen （pyMt） transgenic mouse （MMtV-pMt） breast tumors. In pyMt tumors, NK cells were immature as evidenced by their decreased expression of DX5 and their CD27~~WCD1 lbI^w phenotype. these immature NK cells also had increased expression of NKG2A and expressed low levels of NKp46, perforin, and granzyme B. In contrast, splenic NK cells isolated from the same mice maintained their maturity and their expression of activation markers. to delineate whether the tumor microenvironment directly alters NK cells, we adoptively transferred labeled NK cells and followed their activation status in both the spleen and the tumor. NK cells that arrived at the tumor had half the expression of NKp46 within three days of transfer in comparison to those which arrived at the spleen. In an effort to modify the tumor microenvironment and assess the plasticity of intratumoral NK cells, we treated pyMt tumors with IL-12 and anti-tGF-β. After one week of treatment, the maturity of tumor-associated NK cells was increased; thus, indicating that these cells possess the ability to mature and become activated. A better understanding of how NK cells are modified by the tumor microenvironment will held to develop strategies aimed at bolstering immune resoonses against tumors.

关键词： tumor NK cells Innate immunity tumor immunology

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