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Plastic and Aesthetic Research 2022年第1期9卷 196-212页

作者： amy l.Xu Casey Jo Humbyrd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins HospitalBaltimoreMD 21287USA Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19106USA

Vascularized composite allotransplantation(VCA)is a novel surgical practice that involves the transplantation of multiple tissue types as a functional unit without the primary purpose of extending *** VCA of the upper extremity is becoming increasingly accepted and performed,VCA of the lower extremity remains largely unexplored despite its acknowledged potential *** are inherent ethical concerns surrounding VCA that are dominated by a conflict between the principles of beneficence and *** primary question is whether the quality-of-life benefits to the patient outweigh the risks associated with long-term immunosuppression for a non-lifesaving *** addition,the ethical conversation involves concerns regarding informed consent,donor autonomy,patient privacy and public disclosure,patient selection,and unique considerations in the pediatric *** extremity VCA has additional ethical issues compared to upper extremity VCA,as current lower limb prostheses provide excellent,near baseline function that upper limb constructs have not yet been able to *** this review,we discuss the ethical challenges of lower extremity VCA using available evidence for the upper *** also compare ethical considerations of VCA of the extremity with other surgical alternatives to limb loss-namely,limb salvage and replantation-and address how the conversation may be altered with further advancements in immunosuppression and prosthetic technology.

关键词： Vascularized composite allotransplantation(VCA) lower extremity ethics limb salvage replantation

Visual classification of feral cat Felis silvestris catus vocalizations

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Current Zoology 2017年第3期63卷 331-339页

作者： Jessica l. OWENS Mariana OlSEN amy FONTAINE Christopher KlOTH Arik KERSHENBAUM Sara WAllER Cooperative Predator Vocalization Consortium South Daytona FL 32119 Department of Philosophy Montana State University Bozeman MT 59717 Department of Wildlife Humboldt State University Arcata CA 95521 Department of Philosophy University of Nevada Reno NV 89503 USA Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3E J UK

Cat vocal behavior, in particular, the vocal and social behavior of feral cats, is poorly understood, as are the differences between feral and fully domestic cats. The relationship between feral cat social and vocal behavior is important because of the markedly different ecology of feral and domestic cats, and enhanced comprehension of the repertoire and potential information content of feral cat calls can provide both better understanding of the domestication and socialization process, and improved welfare for feral cats undergoing adoption. Previous studies have used conflicting classification schemes for cat vocalizations, often relying on onomatopoeic or popular descriptions of call types (e.g., “miow”). We studied the vocalizations of 13 unaltered domestic cats that complied with our behavioral definition used to distinguish feral cats from domestic. A total of 71 acoustic units were extracted and visually analyzed for the construction of a hierarchical classification of vocal sounds, based on acoustic properties. We identified 3 major categories (tonal, pulse, and broadband) that further breakdown into 8 subcategories, and show a high degree of reliability when sounds are classified blindly by independent observers (Fleiss’ KappaK= 0.863). Due to the limited behavioral contexts in this study, additional subcategories of cat vocalizations may be identified in the future, but our hierarchical classification system allows for the addition of new categories and new subcategories as they are described. This study shows that cat vocalizations are diverse and complex, and provides an objective and reliable classification system that can be used in future studies.

关键词：发声行为分类技术视觉分析野猫野生社会行为声学特性分类系统

Structural analysis of flagellar axonemes from inner arm dynein knockdown strains of Trypanosoma brucei

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BIOCEll 2012年第3期36卷 133-141页

作者： RANDI ZUKAS AlEX J.CHANG MARIAN RICE amy l.SPRINGER Department of Biology Amherst CollegeAmherstMAUSA Department of Biological Sciences Mount Holyoke CollegeSouth HadleyMAUSA

Trypanosoma brucei is a protozoan flagellate that causes African sleeping *** function in this organism is critical for life cycle progression and pathogenesis,however the regulation of flagellar motility is not well *** flagellar axoneme produces a complex beat through the pre-cisely coordinated firing of many proteins,including multiple dynein *** motors are found in the inner arm and outer arm *** are studying one of the inner arm dynein motors in the *** flagellum:*** knockdown of genes for two components of dynein-f:DNAH10,theαheavy chain,and IC138,an intermediate chain,cause severe motility defects including *** determine if motility defects result from structural disruption of the axoneme,we used two different flagellar preparations to carefully examine axoneme structure in these strains using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Our analysis showed that inner arm dynein size,axoneme structural integrity and fixed central pair orientation are not significantly different in either knockdown culture when compared to control *** results support the idea that immotility in knockdowns affecting DNAH10 or IC138 results from loss of dynein-f function rather than from obvious structural defects in the axoneme.

关键词： Flagellar motility transmission electron microscopy central pair

Genetic architecture of quantitative trait loci(QTl)for FHB resistance and agronomic traits in a hard winter wheat population

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The Crop Journal 2023年第6期11卷 1836-1845页

作者： Yuzhou Xu Yaoguang li Ruolin Bian Guorong Zhang Allan K.Fritz Yanhong Dong lanfei Zhao Yunfeng Xu Nida Ghori amy Bernardo Paul StAmand Jessica l.Shoup Rupp Myron Bruce Wei Wang Eduard Akhunov Brett Carver Guihua Bai Department of Agronomy Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Plant Pathology University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit USDAManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Plant Pathology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA

Wheat resistance to Fusarium head blight(FHB)has often been associated with some undesirable agronomic *** study the relationship between wheat FHB resistance and agronomic traits,we constructed a linkage map of single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)using an F6:8 population from G97252W*** two hard winter wheat parents showed contrasts in FHB resistance,plant height(HT),heading date(HD),spike length(Sl),spike compactness(SC),kernel number per spike(KNS),spikelet number per spike(SNS),thousand-grain weight(TGW)and grain size(length and width).Quantitative trait locus(QTl)mapping identified one major QTl(***-2DS)on chromosome arm 2DS for the percentage of symptomatic spikelets(PSS)in the spike,deoxynivalenol(DON)content and Fusarium damaged kernel(FDK).This QTl explained up to 71.8%of the phenotypic variation for the three FHB-related traits and overlapped with the major QTl for HT,HD,Sl,KNS,SNS,TGW,and grain *** on chromosome arms 2Al,2DS,3Al and 4BS were significant for the spike and grain traits measured.G97252W contributed FHB resistance and high SNS alleles at ***-2DS,high KNS alleles at the QTl on 2Al and 2DS,and high TGW and grain size alleles at QTl on 3Al;whereas G97380A contributed high TGW and grain size alleles at the QTl on 2Al and 2DS,respectively,and the high KNS allele at the 4BS *** ***-2DS with positive alleles for spike and grain traits from other chromosomes may simultaneously improve FHB resistance and grain yield in new cultivars.

关键词： Wheat Fusarium head blight FHB resistance Developmental and yield traits Pleiotropic QTl

Uranium Series Disequilibrium and Precision Measurement of Radionuclides Activity in Sediment Sample Using low Background Gamma Spectrometry

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第10期11卷 119-140页

作者： Abdul J. Khan Umme-Farzana Syed amy l. Roselan Cynthia A. Costello laboratory of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Division of Environmental Health Sciences Wadsworth Center New York State Department of Health Empire State Plaza Albany NY USA Bureau of Environmental Radiation Protection New York State Department of Health Empire State Plaza Albany NY USA

low background gamma spectrometry was used to measure the radionuclides activity of 238U, 232Th, and 235U series as well as 40K and 137Cs in a sediment sample. The goal of the study was to measure the 238U (63.3 keV peak of 234Th;1001 keV peak of 234mPa) and 235U (143.76 keV, 163.33 keV, and 205.31 keV peaks) activity by low background gamma spectrometry in sediment sample. 235U activity in environmental samples is difficult to accurately measure by gamma spectrometry due to its low abundance in nature and low gamma line intensities at 143.76 keV, 163.33 keV, and 205.31 keV. We have shown that by using low background gamma spectrometry, it is possible to accurately measure the 235U activity in sediment samples. The 235U activity was measured without using the major peak of 185.7 keV (Iγ = 57.2%) which requires interference correction from 186.21 keV of 226Ra. 226Ra activity was determined by measuring 222Rn daughters (214Pb and 214Bi). The precision and accuracy of the gamma activity measurement in the sediment sample were verified by using the HPGe detectors with Certified Reference Material (CRM) Irish Sea Sediment (IAEA-385). The results obtained for the 63.33 keV energy line of 234Th are compared with the 1001 keV energy line of 234mPa. The values of 238U and 235U activities, as well as 40K, 137Cs, and 226Ra, agreed with the certificate values of CRM. The results show that the 238U is in equilibrium with its daughters (234Th, 234mPa, and 210Pb). 232Th is also in equilibrium with its daughters (228Ra, 212Pb, 212Bi and 208Tl). 235U/238U activity ratio of 0.046 ± 0.007 in the

关键词： low Background Gamma Spectrometry HPGe Detector Sediment 238U 235U Secular Equilibrium

Coal energy and environmental impacts:Introduction

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Energy Geoscience 2021年第2期2卷 87-89页

作者： luis F.O.Silva amy l.Wolfe Department of Civil and Environmental.Universidad de la Costa CUCCalle 58#55e66BarranquillaAtlanticoColombia Kentucky Geological Survey University of Kentucky216 Mining and Mineral Resources Building504 Rose StreetLexingtonKY40506-0107USA

Within the last decade,the importance of integrating the envi-ronment,people,and climate has transitioned from being an aca-demic concern(e.g..WEF,2011)into a broadly societal concern asthe forecasted realities of environmental deterioration and globalclimate change come to pass,creating urgent public and environ-mental health issues.

关键词： has integrating environ

Twenty years of drought-mediated change in snag populations in mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests in Northern Arizona

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第2期8卷 265-277页

作者： Joseph l.Ganey Jose M.Iniguez Scott C.Vojta amy R.Iniguez US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station2500 S.Pine KnollAZ 86001 FlagstaffUSA

Background:Snags(standing dead trees)are important biological legacies in forest systems,providing numerous resources as well as a record of recent tree *** 1997 to 2017,we monitored snag populations in drought-influenced mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine(Pinus ponderosa)forests in northern ***:Snag density increased significantly in both forest *** increase was driven largely by a pulse in snag recruitment that occurred between 2002 and 2007,fol owing an extreme drought year in 2002,with snag recruitment returning to pre-pulse levels in subsequent time *** later years during the study also were warmer and/or drier than average,but these years were not as extreme as 2002 and did not trigger the same level of snag *** recruitment was not equal across tree species and size classes,resulting in significant changes in species composition and size-class distributions of snag populations in both forest *** trees were far more abundant than snags in these forests,the effect of this mortality pulse on tree populations was far smal er than its effect on snag *** loss rates increased over time during the study,even though many snags were newly *** may reflect the increasing prevalence of white fir snags and/or snags in the smal er size classes,which general y decay faster than snags of other species or larger ***,although total numbers of snags increased,many of the newly recruited snags may not persist long enough to be valuable as nesting substrates for native ***:Increases in snag abundance appeared to be due to a short-term tree mortality"event"rather than a longerterm pattern of elevated tree *** mortality event fol owed a dry and extremely warm year(2002)embedded within a longer-term *** models suggest that years like 2002 may occur with increasing frequency in the southwestern *** years may result in additional mortality pulses,wh

关键词： Climate change Drought Monitoring Snag abundance Snag creation Snag dynamics Species composition Tree mortality

Perceptual complexity of soil-landscape maps: a user evaluation of color organization in legend designs using eye tracking

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第6期10卷 560-581页

作者： Arzu Coltekin Alzbeta Brychtova amy l.Griffin Anthony C.Robinson Mark Imhof Chris Pettit Department of Geography University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland School of Physical Environmentaland Mathematical SciencesUNSWCanberraAustralia GeoVISTA Center Department of GeographyThe Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePAUSA Department of Economic Development JobsTransport and ResourceState Government of VictoriaAgriculture Victoria City Futures Research Centre University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

We compared the ability of two legend designs on a soil-landscape map to efficiently and effectively support map reading tasks with the goal of better understanding how the design choices affect user *** such knowledge is essential to design effective interfaces for digital earth *** of the two legends contained an alphabetical ordering of categories,while the other used a perceptual grouping based on the Munsell color *** tested the two legends for 4 tasks with 20 experts(in geography-related domains).We analyzed traditional usability metrics and participants’eye movements to identify the possible reasons behind their success and failure in the experimental ***,an overwhelming majority of the participants failed to arrive at the correct responses for two of the four tasks,irrespective of the legend ***,participants’prior knowledge of soils and map interpretation abilities led to interesting performance differences between the two legend *** discuss how participant background might have played a role in performance and why some tasks were particularly hard to solve despite participants’relatively high levels of experience in map *** on our observations,we caution soil cartographers to be aware of the perceptual complexity of soil-landscape maps.

关键词： Soil-landscape maps legend design visual complexity color empirical study eye tracking

Reversal of the diabetic bone signature with anabolic therapies in mice

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Bone Research 2023年第2期11卷 328-339页

作者： Silvia Marino Nisreen Akel Shenyang li Meloney Cregor Meghan Jones Betiana Perez Gaston Troncoso Jomeeka Meeks Scott Stewart amy YSato Intawat Nookaew Teresita Bellido Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System John L.Mc Clellan Little RockLittle RockARUSA Department of Biostatistics University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Department of Biomedical Informatics University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockARUSA Winthrop P.Rockefeller Cancer Institute University of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittleRockARUSA

The mechanisms underlying the bone disease induced by diabetes are complex and not fully understood;and antiresorptive agents,the current standard of care,do not restore the weakened bone ***,we reveal the diabetic bone signature in mice at the tissue,cell,and transcriptome levels and demonstrate that three FDA-approved bone-anabolic agents correct *** decreased bone mineral density(BMD)and bone formation,damaged microarchitecture,increased porosity of cortical bone,and compromised bone ***(PTH),abaloparatide(ABl),and romosozumab/anti-sclerostin antibody(Scl-Ab)all restored BMD and corrected the deteriorated bone ***,PTH and more potently ABl induced similar responses at the tissue and gene signature levels,increasing both formation and resorption with positive balance towards bone *** contrast,Scl-Ab increased formation but decreased *** agents restored bone architecture,corrected cortical porosity,and improved mechanical properties of diabetic bone;and ABl and Scl-Ab increased toughness,a fracture resistance ***,all agents increased bone strength over the healthy controls even in the presence of severe *** findings demonstrate the therapeutic value of bone anabolic agents to treat diabetes-induced bone disease and suggest the need for revisiting the approaches for the treatment of bone fragility in diabetes.

关键词： signature porosity corrected

Pharmacologic inhibition of mTORC1 mimics dietary protein restriction in a mouse model of lactation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 729-738页

作者： Virginia l.Pszczolkowski Steven J.Halderson Emma J.Meyer amy lin Sebastian I.Arriola Apelo Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

Background:Understanding the mechanisms of N utilization for lactation can lead to improved requirement estimates and increased efficiency,which modern dairy diets currently fail to *** mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)is a central hub of translation regulation,processing extra-and intra-cellular signals of nutrient availability and physiological state,such as amino acids and *** hypothesized that dietary amino acids regulate lactation through mTORC1,such that inhibition of mTORC1 will lead to decreased lactation performance when amino acids are not *** objectives were to assess lactation performance in lactating mice undergoing dietary and pharmacologic interventions designed to alter mTORC1 ***:First lactation mice(N=18;n=6/treatment)were fed an adequate protein diet(18%crude protein),or an isocaloric protein-restricted diet(9%crude protein)from the day after parturition until lactation day 13.A third group of mice was fed an adequate protein diet and treated with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin(4 mg/kg every other day)intraperitoneally,with the first two groups treated with vehicle as *** and pups were weighed daily,and feed intake was recorded every other *** production was measured every other day beginning on lactation day 4 by the weigh-suckle-weigh *** were collected after fasting and ***:Milk production and pup weight were similarly decreased by both protein restriction and rapamycin treatment,with final production at 50%of control(P=0.008)and final pup weight at 85%of control(Plation of mTORC1’s downstream targets were decreased by protein restriction and rapamycin treatment(Ple very little effect was observed in the liver of rapamycin treated mice,and none by protein ***:Overall,sufficient supply of dietary amino acids was unable to maintain lactation performance status in mice with pharmacologically reduced mam

关键词： Amino acids lactation Mammary Mouse model mTORC1 Rapamycin