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Systematic Errors Induced by the Elliptical Power-law model in Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Lens Modeling

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第2期22卷 143-172页

作者： Xiaoyue Cao Ran Li J.W.Nightingale Richard Massey Andrew Robertson Carlos SFrenk Aristeidis Amvrosiadis Nicola CAmorisco Qiuhan He amy Etherington Shaun Cole Kai Zhu National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences20A Datun RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijing 100012China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute for Computational Cosmology Physics DepartmentDurham UniversitySouth RoadDurhamDH13LEUnited Kingdom

The elliptical power-law model of the mass in a galaxy is widely used in strong gravitational lensing ***,the distribution of mass in real galaxies is more *** quantify the biases due to this model mismatch by simulating and then analyzing mock Hubble Space Telescope imaging of lenses with mass distributions inferred from SDSS-Ma NGA stellar dynamics *** find accurate recovery of source galaxy morphology,except for a slight tendency to infer sources to be more compact than their true *** Einstein radius of the lens is also robustly recovered with 0.1%accuracy,as is the global density slope,with 2.5%relative systematic error,compared to the 3.4%intrinsic ***,asymmetry in real lenses also leads to a spurious fitted"external shear"with typical strengthγext=***,time delays inferred from lens modeling without measurements of stellar dynamics are typically underestimated by~5%.Using such measurements from a sub-sample of 37 lenses would bias measurements of the Hubble constant H0 by~9%.Although this work is based on a particular set of Ma NGA galaxies,and the specific value of the detected biases may change for another set of strong lenses,our results strongly suggest the next generation cosmography needs to use more complex lens mass models.

关键词： galaxies:structure galaxies:halos gravitational lensing:strong

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12 guiding premises of pediatric cochlear implant habilitation

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017年第4期3卷 235-239页

作者： amy McConkey Robbins Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine USA

It has been almost 35 years since the editor of this issue,*** Miyamoto,introduced me to the child who would be my first pediatric cochlear implant (CI) *** had hired me as part of his co-investigator team at Indiana University School of *** had implanted many adults over the previous 5 years,but entering into the world of pediatric cochlear implantation was truly a remarkable *** first child,implanted with a single-channel House 3M device,taught me a great deal about how electrically-evoked hearing could contribute to the development of speech,language and literacy in a deaf *** that time,*** and I have a combined experience working with over two thousand children with CIs,and each one has taught us something unique.

关键词： Child Cochlear implant Habilitation Prelingually deaf

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Development and Demonstration of Australian First Working Sodium Guide Star Laser

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2022年第4期12卷 88-100页

作者： Yue Gao Yanjie Wang amy Chan Ben Greene EOS Defence Systems Pty Ltd. Canberra Australia

The Australian first working sodium guide star laser system has been designed and developed for various astronomical and space-related applications. A completely diode-pumped pulsed system was developed initially followed by a largely fiber-based continuous wave (CW) system operating at 589 nm achieved through a unique wavelength conversion scheme by combining 1342 and 1050 nm through a sum frequency generation process. For the CW system, single-mode laser beams at both 1342 and 1050 nm are achieved from fiber-based seed oscillators and fiber amplifiers. The output power of ~25 W at 1342 nm is achieved from a single frequency fiber Raman amplifier. Output power up to 70 W at 1050 nm is achieved from a Yb-doped fiber pre-amplifier followed by a Yb-doped fiber power amplifier. For the sum frequency generation process, optimum focusing parameters are evaluated and determined. The CW system has generated more than 20 W output power at 589 nm, a circularly polarised beam with a good beam quality, spectral linewidth ≤ 2 MHz, and the laser output locked on the sodium D2 line at 589.159 nm. The system has been successfully demonstrated at EOS Space Research Centre, Mt Stromlo, Canberra, and become the Australian first working sodium guide star laser system.

关键词： Fiber Laser Continuous Wave Laser Pulsed Laser Diode Pump Solid State Sum Frequency Generation Adaptive Optics Sodium Laser Guide Star

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Degradation of extracellular genomic, plasmid DNA and specific antibiotic resistance genes by chlorination

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第3期13卷 115-126页

作者： Menglu Zhang Sheng Chen Xin Yu Peter Vikesland amy Pruden Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen 361021 China University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24060 USA

There is a need to improve understanding of the effect of chlorine disinfection on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in order to advance relevant drinking water, wastewater, and reuse treatments. However, few studies have explicitly assessed the physical effects on the DNA. Here we examined the effects of free chlorine (1-20 mg CI2/L) on extracellular genomic, plasmid DNA and select ARGs. Chlorination was found to decrease the fluorometric signal of extracellular genomic and plasmid DNA (ranging from 0.005 to 0.05 μg/mL) by 70%, relative to a no-chlorine control. Resulting DNA was further subject to a fragment analysis using a Bioanalyzer, indicating that chlorination resulted in fragmentation. Moreover, chlorine also effectively deactivated both chromosomal- and plasmidborne ARGs, mecK and tetA., respectively. For concentrations >2 mg CI2//L× 30 min, chlorine efficiently reduced the qPCR signal when the initial concentration of ARGs was 10^5 copies/μL or less. Notably, genomic DNA and mecA gene signals were more readily reduced by chlorine than the plasmid-bome tetK gene (by ~2 fold). Based on the results of qPCR with short (~200 bps) and long amplicons (-1200 bps), chlorination could destroy the integrity of ARGs, which likely reduces the possibility of natural transformation. Overall, our findings strongly illustrate that chlorination could be an effective method for inactivating extracellular chromosomal- and plasmid-bome DNA and ARGs.

关键词： Antibiotic resistance Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) Extracellular DNA/ARGs Chlorination

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Black “Crime,” Public Hysteria,and the Cinema of Containment:Black Cinema Aesthetics from Willie Dynamite to The Interrupters and a/k/a Mrs. George Gilbert

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Journal of Foreign Languages and Cultures 2021年第1期5卷 26-42,156页

作者： amy Abugo Ongiri University of Portland

This essay will explore the ways in which African American visual culture has attempted to negotiate criminalization and the current situation of what Richard Iton rightfully characterizes as“hyperincarceration.”It will explore the ways in which contemporary African American visual culture is engaged in negotiating between the literal material realities and consequences of mass incarceration and aesthetic constructions of *** mass incarceration is increasingly becoming understood as“the New Jim Crow”for African American political organizing,Black criminality has become the key lens through which questions of masculinity,class exclusion,gender,and selfhood get negotiated in African American visual *** essay will argue that the“subtext of ongoing Black captivity”is the pretext for much of what drives Black action genres and African American representation in general as a key signifier of a racialized identity and as an indicator of a Black subjectivity fraught with complexities of non-belonging.

关键词： African American Cinema Mass Incarceration Black Subjectivity Masculinity Action Cinema Black Aesthetics

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Quiet in the nest:The nest environment attenuates song in a grassland songbird

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 623-629页

作者： Sarah L.Dobney Mikayla M.K.Bornais D.Ryan Norris amy E.M.Newman Heather Williams Stéphanie M.Doucet Daniel J.Mennill Department of Integrative Biology University of WindsorWindsorOntarioN9B 3P4Canada Department of Integrative Biology University of GuelphGuelphOntarioN1G 2W1Canada Biology Department Williams CollegeWilliamstownMA01267USA

The nest environment may limit the ability of nest-bound birds to hear sounds from the outside *** vocal learning species,such as humans and songbirds,it is vital for young animals to hear the voices of conspecific animals early in *** songbirds,nest structure varies considerably across species,and the resulting impact on sound transmission may have consequences for vocal learning in *** this study,we tested the hypothesis that the nest environment attenuates song of Savannah Sparrows(Passerculus sandwichensis),grassland songbirds that build nests on the ground under cover of dense *** recorded live Savannah Sparrows singing at variable distances from 21 *** recorded songs using one microphone inside the nest(the typical position of a nestling)and another placed 1 m directly above the nest(a typical position of an adult).We found a substantial reduction in signal-to-noise ratio,where songs recorded inside the nest were an average of 11 dB lower than songs recorded directly above the *** estimate that the attenuation imposed by the nest reduced the maximum acoustic environment from 117.7 m(for recordings above the nest),to 78.6 m(for recordings within the nest),which is analogous to listening from a position 39.1 m farther away from the *** research estimated that song transmits up to 100 m in this species,so any adult male within 100 m of a young bird was previously considered a potential vocal *** reducing the nestling acoustic environment from 100 m to 78.6 m,the number of male tutors available to nestlings is reduced by an average of 27%.Given the growing evidence that song learning begins very early in life,future research on vocal development should account for how the structural properties of the natal environment affect the songs that nestlings hear.

关键词： Acoustic environment Nest environment Songbird Sound attenuation Vocal learning

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PDGFRαreporter activity identifies periosteal progenitor cells critical for bone formation and fracture repair

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Bone Research 2022年第1期10卷 122-136页

作者： Jiajia Xu Yiyun Wang Zhu Li Ye Tian Zhao Li amy Lu Ching-Yun Hsu Stefano Negri Cammy Tang Robert J.Tower Carol Morris Aaron W.James Departments of Pathology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA Departments of Orthopedics Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21205USA Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School of StomatologyChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningPR China

The outer coverings of the skeleton,which is also known as the periosteum,are arranged in concentric layers and act as a reservoir for tissue-specific bone *** cellular heterogeneity within this tissue depot is being increasingly ***,inducible PDGFRαreporter animals were found to mark a population of cells within the periosteum that act as a stem cell reservoir for periosteal appositional bone formation and fracture *** these processes,PDGFRαreporter^(+)progenitors give rise to Nestin+periosteal cells before becoming osteoblasts and *** diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation of PDGFRαreporter^(+)cells led to deficits in cortical bone formation during homeostasis and a diminutive hard callus during fracture *** ossicle transplantation,both mouse PDGFRαreporter^(+)periosteal cells and human Pdgfrα+periosteal progenitors expand,ossify,and recruit marrow to a greater extent than their counterpart periosteal cells,whereas PDGFRαreporter^(−)periosteal cells exhibit a predisposition to chondrogenesis in *** RNA sequencing identified enrichment of the secreted factors Fermt3 and Ptpn6 within PDGFRαreporter^(+)periosteal cells,which partly underlie the osteoblastogenic features of this cell population.

关键词： progenitor fracture reservoir

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The genus Thelonectria(Nectriaceae,Hypocreales,Ascomycota)and closely related species with cylindrocarpon-like asexual states

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Fungal Diversity 2016年第5期80卷 411-455页

作者： Catalina Salgado-Salazar amy YRossman Priscila Chaverri Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of Maryland2112 Plant Sciences BuildingCollege ParkMD 20742USA Present address:Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory USDA-ARSBeltsvilleMD 20705USA Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa RicaApartado 11501-2060San PedroSan JoséCosta Rica

The genus Thelonectria and closely related species with cylindrocarpon-like asexual states are a group of perithecial ascomycetes in the family Nectriaceae that occur as saprobes and in few cases as pathogens of hardwood trees,shrubs or other *** a key component of forest ecosystems around the world,species relationships and distributions of these fungi are largely *** objectives of this study were to:1)infer species rank phylogenetic relationships of the genus Thelonectria and closely related species with cylindrocarpon-like asexual states and test the monophyly of each of the groups studied;2)delimit taxa establishing taxon circumscriptions;3)resolve nomenclatural issues by identifying redundantly used names and synonyms;and 4)provide an updated outline to the genus,geographical distributions data and identification tools,specifically diagnostic keys and molecular data that can be used as molecular *** recovered consensus phylogeny resulted in a narrow circumscription of the genus Thelonectria,based on the type ***,excluding one of the common species *** to the phylogenetic analyses,*** belongs in a segregate clade that should be recognized as a different *** the genus Thelonectria,a total of four new species and three new combinations are ***,three new genera,closely related to Thelonectria,are described to accommodate species displaying a morphological resemblance to those of Thelonectria:Cinnamomeonectria *** *** as type species,Macronectria *** *** as type species and including four additional newly described species,and Tumenectria *** *** as type species.

关键词： Biodiversity Molecular systematics Nectria-like fungi Phylogeny Saprobes Species complex Species delimitation Taxonomy

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Symmetry of cardiac function assessment

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第6期13卷 517-520页

作者： Xu-Fang BAI amy X MA Cardiac Diagnostic Center University of Ottawa Heart Institute Ottawa Canada Long Island University University Plaza Brooklyn NY USA

正确、左的室从主要的心试管的二个邻近的片断被开发。尽管他们关于形状和力量是不同的，他们以行为反射对方。这是在心脏的功能评价的对称的第一水平。心肌收缩和松驰是活跃的。这在心脏的功能评价构造对称的第二水平。二个层次的联合... 详细信息

正确、左的室从主要的心试管的二个邻近的片断被开发。尽管他们关于形状和力量是不同的，他们以行为反射对方。这是在心脏的功能评价的对称的第一水平。心肌收缩和松驰是活跃的。这在心脏的功能评价构造对称的第二水平。二个层次的联合将帮助发现一些隐藏的索引或途径评估心脏的功能。在这篇文章，从 echocardiography 的四个主要指数在这本金，十七个指数或测量途径下面被分析从阴影出来了，它在对心脏的功能的评价是很有用的，特别为恰好心脏的功能和心脏舒张的心脏的功能。

关键词：心脏功能功能评估对称性超声心动图测量方法左心室原发性心功能

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A case for systemic environmental analysis of cultured meat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 249-254页

作者： Carolyn S Mattick amy E Landis Braden R Allenby University of Texas School of Public Health 1200 Hermann Pressler DriveHouston TX 77030 USA School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State UniversityTempe AZ PO Box 875306 USA

The environmental implications of cultured meat are profound. An anticipatory life cycle assessment of cultured meat published in 2011 suggested it could have a smaller impact than agricultural meat in all categories except energy consumption. As with most technologies, cultured meat will almost certainly be accompanied by unintended consequences as well as unforeseen costs and benefits that accrue disproportionately to different stakeholders. Uncertainty associated with new engineered products cannot be completely eliminated prior to introduction, but ongoing environmental assessments of the technologies as they advance can serve to reduce unforeseen risks. Given the pace at which tissue engineering is advancing, systemic assessments of the technology will be pivotal in mitigating unintended environmental consequences.

关键词： cultured meat in vitro meat factory-grown food anticipatory life cycle assessment systemic environmental implications of emerging technologies

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