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Shifting the paradigm:A critical review of social innovation literature

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2024年第1期8卷 45-58页

作者： amy Phillips Rosalie Luo Joel Wendland-Liu Social Innovation Program Grand Valley State UniversityGrand Rapids49504USA Ivey School of Business Western UniversityPLondonN6A 0E1Canada Social Innovation Program Grand Valley State UniversityAllendale49401USA

In this review of ten years of social innovation research(2012e2022),we define and explore three paradigms in the field:instrumentalist,strong,and democratic.We investigate how language usage and geography play a central role in identifying which paradigms recently published scholarship falls into.While we do not insist that sharp divisions exist between each paradigm,we do find that on the“instrumentalist”side,language tends to abstract or neutralize power relations.Further,these perspectives tend to derive from Western or eurocentric orientations or biases.The“strong”paradigm accepts the necessity of institutional and stakeholder engagement and seeks to engage socially excluded populations.In contrast,geographical diversity,attendance to historicized and systemic inequalities,and elevation of the most marginalized communities are more likely to be centered in the“democratic”paradigm.We apply this discussion to recent research in arts-related social innovation and the related field of social entrepreneurship.

关键词： Social innovation Culture Arts Social entrepreneurship ethnocentrism

Hydraulic properties and drought response of a tropical bamboo (Cephalostachyum pergracile)

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Plant Diversity 2024年第3期46卷 406-415页

作者： Wanwalee Kongjarat Lu Han amy Ny Aina Aritsara Shu-Bin Zhang Gao-Juan Zhao Yong-Jiang Zhang Phisamai Maenpuen Ying-Mei Li Yi-Ke Zou Ming-Yi Li Xue-Nan Li Lian-Bin Tao Ya-Jun Chen CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYunnan 666303China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China T-STAR Core Team Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYunnan 666303China School of Biology and ecology University of MaineOronoMEUSA Climate Change Institute University of MaineOronoME 04469USA School of Biological and Chemical Science Pu’er UniversityXueyuan RoadYunnan 665000China Institute of ecology and Geobotany School of Ecology and Environmental SciencesYunnan UniversityKunmingYunnan 650091China School of ecology and environment Southwest Forestry UniversityKunmingYunnan 650224China Yuanjiang Savanna ecosystem Research Station Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesYuanjiangYunnan 653300China

Bamboo plants are an essential component of tropical ecosystems,yet their vulnerability to climate extremes,such as drought,is poorly understood due to limited knowledge of their hydraulic properties.Cephalostachyum pergracile,a commonly used tropical bamboo species,exhibited a substantially higher mortality rate than other co-occurring bamboos during a severe drought event in 2019,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study investigated the leaf and stem hydraulic traits related to drought responses,including leaf-stem embolism resistance(P50leaf;P50stem) estimated using optical and X-ray microtomography methods,leaf pressure-volume and water-releasing curves.Additionally,we investigated the seasonal water potentials,native embolism level(PLC) and xylem water source using stable isotope.We found that C.pergracile exhibited strong resistance to embolism,showing low P50leaf,P50stem,and turgor loss point,despite its rapid leaf water loss.Interestingly,its leaves displayed greater resistance to embolism than its stem,suggesting a lack of effective hydraulic vulnerability segmentation(HVS) to protect the stem from excessive xylem tension.During the dry season,approximately 49% of the water was absorbed from the upper 20-cm-deep soil layer.Consequently,significant diurnal variation in leaf water potentials and an increase in midday PLC from 5.87±2.33% in the wet season to 12.87±4.09%in the dry season were observed.In summary,this study demonstrated that the rapid leaf water loss,high reliance on surface water,and a lack of effective HVS in C.pergracile accelerated water depletion and increased xylem embolism even in the typical dry season,which may explain its high mortality rate during extreme drought events in 2019.

关键词： Climate change Drought Hydraulic safety Hydraulic vulnerability segmentation Stable isotope Tree mortality

Heightened condition dependent expression of structural coloration in the faces,but not wings,of male and female flies

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Current Zoology 2022年第5期68卷 600-607页

作者： Thomas e White amy Locke Tanya Latty School of Life and environmental Sciences The University of SydneySydney 2106Australia

Structurally colored sexual signals are a conspicuous and widespread class of ornament used in mate choice,though the extent to which they encode information on the quality of their bearers is not fully resolved.Theory predicts that signaling traits under strong sexual selection as honest indicators should evolve to be more developmentally integrated and exaggerated than nonsexual traits,thereby leading to heightened condition dependence.Here,we test this prediction through examination of the sexually dimorphic faces and wings of the cursorial fly Lispe cana.Males and females possess structural UV-white and golden faces,respectively,and males present their faces and wings to females during close-range,ground-based courtship displays,thereby creating the opportunity for mutual inspection.Across a field-collected sample of individuals,we found that the appearance of the faces of both sexes scaled positively with individual condition,though along separate axes.Males in better condition expressed brighter faces as modeled according to conspecific flies,whereas condition scaled with facial saturation in females.We found no such relationships for their wing interference pattern nor abdomens,with the latter included as a nonsexual control.Our results suggest that the structurally colored faces,but not the iridescent wings,of male and female L.cana are reliable guides to individual quality and support the broader potential for structural colors as honest signals.They also highlight the potential for mutual mate choice in this system,while arguing for 1 of several alternate signaling roles for wing interferences patterns among the myriad taxa which bear them.

关键词： honest signal iridescent mate choice sexual selection wing interference pattern

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行星转向中的行星境况

艺术传播研究 2024年第2期 51-69页

作者： [美]艾米·伊莱亚斯 [美]克里斯蒂安·莫拉鲁李国栋(译) 韩晓强(校译) 美国田纳西大学美国北卡罗莱纳大学西南大学文学院西南政法大学新闻传播学院

当代文艺理论界和批评界正在兴起一种“行星转向”,它以“行星性”的批判理论模型超越了全球主义与后现代主义。“全球化”的语义、进程、效益、文化表现,在不同学科领域中歧义纷呈、问题层出,“行星研究”对此作出的回应有“生态寰宇... 详细信息

当代文艺理论界和批评界正在兴起一种“行星转向”,它以“行星性”的批判理论模型超越了全球主义与后现代主义。“全球化”的语义、进程、效益、文化表现,在不同学科领域中歧义纷呈、问题层出,“行星研究”对此作出的回应有“生态寰宇学”和“世界视野”思想等。“行星”领域更加关注关系性和伦理,与全球化领域相区别。“行星性”与“寰宇主义”理念相近,但也存在诸多差异。“行星文化”带来了新兴的艺术与美学思潮,有待更进一步的理论探究和批评实践。

关键词：行星转向地缘美学关系性寰宇主义全球化

Natural regeneration responses to thinning and burning treatments in ponderosa pine forests and implications for restoration

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 741-753页

作者： Tzeidle N.Wasserman amy e.M.Waltz John Paul Roccaforte Judith D.Springer Joseph e.Crouse ecological Restoration Institute Northern Arizona UniversityP.O.Box 15017FlagstaffAZ86011-5017USA

Understanding naturally occurring pine regeneration dynamics in response to thinning and burning treatments is necessary not only to measure the longevity of the restoration or fuels treatment,but also to assess how well regeneration meets forest sustainability guidelines and whether natural regeneration is sufficient for maintaining a sustainable forest structure and composition.A synthesis review was carried out on the effects of mechanical thinning and prescribed burn treatments on natural pine regeneration response in frequent-fire ponderosa pine forests across the western United States.The focus was on site-specific variability in pine regeneration dynamics,temporal trends in regeneration presence and abundance,and response to treatment as described in the current literature using 29 studies that met our evidence-based review protocols.Data showed that the effects of thinning and burning treatments on regeneration depended on time since treatment.Mechanical thinning,prescribed burning,and thinning plus burn treatments all increased seedling density,but there was high variability among sites and studies.There were mixed results in the short-term(ears)with both increasing and decreasing regeneration,and a general increase in regeneration 11−20 years post-treatment.Some long-term studies(>20 years)concluded that stands can return to pre-treatment densities in terms of total trees per hectare and forest floor duff levels when there are no maintenance treatments applied.Several studies showed the average ponderosa pine seedling presence,survival and growth found in today’s forests to be at a high density;this combined with missed fire cycles could contribute to future fire risk and reduce the efficacy of maintaining fuel reduction goals.

关键词： Regeneration Ponderosa pine Frequent-fire Treatments Thinning Burning

Assessment of the binding interactions of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein variants

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022年第1期12卷 58-64页

作者： Deepa Raghu Pamela Hamill Arpitha Banaji amy McLaren Yu-Ting Hsu Product Characterization MilliporeSigmaRockvilleMD20850USA Product Characterization MilliporeSigmaStirlingFK94NFUK Process and Analytical Development MilliporeSigmaSt.LouisMO63118USA

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 is a major global health issue and is driving the need for new therapeutics.The surface spike protein,which plays a central role in virus infection,is currently the target for vaccines and neutralizing treatments.The emergence of novel variants with multiple mutations in the spike protein may reduce the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies by altering the binding activity of the protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACe2).To understand the impact of spike protein mutations on the binding interactions required for virus infection and the effectiveness of neutralizing monoclonal antibody(mAb)therapies,the binding activities of the original spike protein receptor binding domain(RBD)sequence and the reported spike protein variants were investigated using surface plasmon resonance.In addition,the interactions of the ACe2 receptor,an antispike mAb(mAb1),a neutralizing mAb(mAb2),the original spike RBD sequence,and mutants D614G,N501Y,N439K,Y453F,and e484K were assessed.Compared to the original RBD,the Y453F and N501Y mutants displayed a significant increase in ACe2 binding affinity,whereas D614G had a substantial reduction in binding affinity.All mAb-RBD mutant proteins displayed a reduction in binding affinities relative to the original RBD,except for the e484K-mAb1 interaction.The potential neutralizing capability of mAb1 and mAb2 was investigated.Accordingly,mAb1 failed to inhibit the ACe2-RBD interaction while mAb2 inhibited the ACe2-RBD interactions for all RBD mutants,except mutant e484K,which only displayed partial blocking.

关键词： Surface plasmon resonance SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal antibody RBD ACe2

A sting in the tail： the N-terminal domain of the androgen receptor as a drug target

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第5期18卷 687-694页

作者： amy e Monaghan Iain J Mcewan School of Medicine Medical Sciences and Nutrition Institute of Medical Sciences University of Aberdeen Foresterhill Aberdeen AB25 2ZD United Kingdom.

The role of androgen receptor （AR） in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer （PCa） is well established. Competitive inhibition of the AR ligand-binding domain （LBD） has been the staple of antiandrogen therapies employed to combat the disease in recent years. However, their efficacy has often been limited by the emergence of resistance, mediated through point mutations, and receptor truncations. As a result, the prognosis for patients with malignant castrate resistant disease remains poor. The amino-terminal domain （NTD） of the AR has been shown to be critical for AR function. Its modular activation function （AF-1） is important for both gene regulation and participation in protein-protein interactions. However, due to the intrinsically disordered structure of the domain, its potential as a candidate for therapeutic intervention has been dismissed in the past. The recent emergence of the small molecule ePI-O01 has provided evidence that AR-NTD can be targeted therapeutically, independent of the LBD. Targeting of AR-NTD has the potential to disrupt multiple intermolecular interactions between AR and its coregulatory binding partners, in addition to intramolecular cross-talk between the domains of the AR. Therapeutics targeting these protein-protein interactions or NTD directly should also have efficacy against emerging AR splice variants which may play a role in PCa progression. This review will discuss the role of intrinsic disorder in AR function and illustrate how emerging therapies might target NTD in PCa.

关键词： androgen receptor inhibitor intrinsically disordered structure N-terminal domain prostate cancer small molecules

Probing the Impact of Solvent on the Strength of Lewis Acids via Fluorescent Lewis Adducts

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Precision Chemistry

Precision Chemistry 2023年第1期1卷 49-56页

作者： amy e.Laturski Joshua R.Gaffen Paul Demay-Drouhard Christopher B.Caputo Thomas Baumgartner Department of Chemistry York UniversityTorontoON M3J 1P3Canada

Various methods have been developed to measure the strength of a Lewis acid.A major challenge for these measurements lies in the complexity that arises from variable solvent interactions and perturbations of Lewis acids as their reaction environment changes.Herein,we investigate the impact of solvent effects on Lewis acids for the first time as measured by the fluorescent Lewis adduct(FLA)method.The binding of a Lewis acid in various solvents reveals a measurable dichotomy between both polarity and donor ability of the solvent.While not strictly separable,we observe that the influence of solvent polarity on Lewis acid unit(LAU)values is distinctly opposite to the influence of donor ability.This dichotomy was confirmed by titration data,illustrating that solvation effects can be appropriately and precisely gauged by the FLA method.

关键词： Fluorescence Fluorescent Lewis adducts Lewis acids effective Lewis acidity Solvent polarity Solvent donor strength

Length-based separation of Bacillus subtilis bacterial populations by viscoelastic microfluidics

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 149-159页

作者： Ping Liu Hangrui Liu Lucie Semenec Dan Yuan Sheng Yan amy K.Cain Ming Li Suqian University Suqian 223800China School of engineering Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Department of Physics and Astronomy Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia ARC Centre of excellence in Synthetic Biology Department of Molecular ScienceMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Centre for Regional and Rural Futures Deakin UniversityGeelongVIC 3216Australia Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Biomolecular Discovery Research Centre Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia

In this study,we demonstrated the label-free continuous separation and enrichment of Bacillus subtilis populations based on length using viscoelastic microfluidics.B.subtilis,a gram-positive,rod-shaped bacterium,has been widely used as a model organism and an industrial workhorse.B.subtilis can be arranged in different morphological forms,such as single rods,chains,and clumps,which reflect differences in cell types,phases of growth,genetic variation,and changing environmental factors.The ability to prepare B.subtilis populations with a uniform length is important for basic biological studies and efficient industrial applications.Here,we systematically investigated how flow rate ratio,poly(ethylene oxide)(PeO)concentration,and channel length affected the length-based separation of B.subtilis cells.The lateral positions of B.subtilis cells with varying morphologies in a straight rectangular microchannel were found to be dependent on cell length under the co-flow of viscoelastic and Newtonian fluids.Finally,we evaluated the ability of the viscoelastic microfluidic device to separate the two groups of B.subtilis cells by length(i.e.,1-5μm and>5μm)in terms of extraction purity(eP),extraction yield(eY),and enrichment factor(eF)and confirmed that the device could separate heterogeneous populations of bacteria using elasto-inertial effects.

关键词： viscoelastic separation straight