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Constraints in the development of contraceptives for men

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2000年第3期2卷 179-190页

作者： C.P.puri KamalaGopalkrishnan K.s.Iyer Institute of Research in Reproduction Indian Council of Medical Research Parel Mumbai 400012 IndiaInstitute of Research in Reproduction Indian Council of Medical Research Parel Mumbai 400012 IndiaInstitute of Research in Reproduction Indian Council of Medical Research Parel Mumbai 400012 India

Considerable efforts have been made to develop a male contraceptive and the studies have provided very useful infor-mation in this field. At least five different strategies to develop a male contraceptive have been pursued, namely: inhi-bition of sperm production, interference with sperm function, interruption of sperm transport, prevention of sperm de-position, and prevention of sperm-egg interaction. Of all these approaches, inhibition of sperm production by using an-drogens either alone or in combination with progestins have given the most encouraging results. A nmnber of clinicaltrials substantiate that it is indeed possible to have a reversible, effective and safe hormonal method of contraception. Apostmeiotic and epididymal approach to interfere with sperm function or the secretory and metabolic processes of theepididymis is another attractive option of male contraceptive development. A number of chemical compounds have beenidentified which interfere with sperm function in the epididymis without affecting sperm production, however, the com-pounds evaluated so far were found to be toxic. Interruption of sperm transport through the vas either by vasectomy orpercutaneous intmvasal injection of liquids which form cure-in-place plugs is also an attractive option. However, re-versibility of the methods is of concern in their wide scale use. The major constraint in developing a long-acting male contraceptive seems to be the need for greater investment forproduct development. The clinical trials for evaluating the efficacy and safety of the new products and formulationsstretch over several years and require enormous financial commitment. Nevertheless, the long-term gain of having along-acting reversible contraceptive for men is far greater than the financial commitments over few years. Male attitudetowards using methods of family planning is much more favourable than originally believed. The pharmaceutical indus-try as well as the health care providers therefore have

关键词： male contracetive agents hormonal contraceptives epididymis vasectomy vas occlusion gonadotrophins Tripterygium wilfordii gossypol chlorohydrin

Diagnostic clues to avoid pitfalls in the management of rare association of anorectal malformation with ileal atresia

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2016年第4期12卷 504-505页

作者： Archana puri shalu shah Department of Pediatric surgery Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital and Lady Hardinge Medical CollegeNew Delhi 110001India

A full-term,2700 g,one-day-old baby presented with imperforate anus,bilious vomiting and abdominal *** examination,ultrasonography abdomen and echocardiography revealed no associated congenital anomalies.

关键词： rare abdomen management

Design of reaction conditions for the enhancement of microbial degradation of dyes in sequential cycles

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2009年第12期21卷 1646-1651页

作者： Rashmi sanghi Awantika Dixit Preeti Verma sadhna puri Facility for Ecological and Analytical Testing 302 Southern Laboratories Institute of Technology The LNM Institute of Information Technology Jaipur Dayanand Girls College CSJM University

The present study evaluated the potential of white-rot fungal strain Coriolus versicolor to decolorize five structurally different dyes in sequential batch reactors under optimized conditions. The experiments were run continuously for seven cycles of 8 d each. High decolorizing activity was observed even during the repeated reuse of the fungus, especially when the old medium was replaced with fresh medium after every cycle. Biodegradation was the dominating factor as the fungus was able to produce the enzyme laccase mainly, to mineralize synthetic dyes. The nutrients and composition of the medium played important roles in sustaining the decolorisation potential of the fungus. Corncob was found be an easy and cheap substitute for carbon source for the fungus. Glucose consumption by the fungus was in accordance to its decolorisation activity and chemical oxygen demand （COD） reduction.

关键词： Coriolus versicolor decolorisation sequential batch reactor

Chemically modified silica gel with 1-{4-[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino]phenyl}ethanone:synthesis, characterization and application as an efficient and reusable solid phase extractant for selective removal of Zn(Ⅱ) from mycorrhizal treated fly-ash samples

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2013年第6期25卷 1252-1261页

作者： R.K.sharma Aditi puri Anil Kumar Alok Adholeya 2 Green Chemistry Network Centre Department of ChemistryUniversity of Delhi Biotechnology and Management of Bioresources Division The Energy and Resource Institute

1-{4-[（2-hydroxy-benzylidene）amino]phenyl}ethanone functionalized silica gel was synthesized and used as a highly efficient, selective and reusable solid phase extractant for separation and preconcentration of trace amount of Zn（II） from environmental matrices. The adsorbent was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, elemental analysis,~3C CPMAs NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy （sEM）, thermogravimetric analysis （TGA） and BET surface area analysis. The dependence of zinc extraction on various analytical parameters such as pH, type and amount of eluent, sample flow rate and interfering ions were investigated in detail. The material exhibited superior adsorption efficiency for Zn（II） with high metal loading capacity of 1.0 mmol/g under optimum conditions. After adsorption, the recovery （〉 98%） of metal ions was accomplished using 1.0 mol/L HNO3 as an eluent. The sorbent was also regenerated by microwave treatment in milder acidic environment （0.1 mol/L HNO3）. The lower detection limit and preconcentration factor of the present method were found out to be 0.04 ~tg/L and 312.5 respectively. The modified silica surface possessed excellent selectivity for the target analytes and the adsorption/desorption process remained effective for at least ten consecutive cycles. The optimized procedure was successfully implemented for the extraction of Zn（II） from mycorrhizal treated fly ash and pharmaceutical samples with reproducible results.

关键词： solid phase extraction silica gel preconcentration fly-ash zinc

Decreased expression of hyperpolarisation-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 3 in Hirschsprung's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第18期21卷 5635-5640页

作者： Anne Marie O’Donnell David Coyle Prem puri National Children’s Research Centre Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Cnmlin Dublin 12 Ireland

AIM: To determine if hyperpolarisation-activated nucleotide-gated(HCN) channels exist in human colon, and to investigate the expression of HCN channels in Hirschsprung's ***:We investigated HCN1,HCN2,HCN3 and HCN4 protein expression in pull-through specimens from patients with Hirschsprung’s disease(HsCR,n=10)using the proximal-most ganglionic segment and distalmost aganglionic segment,as well as in healthy control specimens obtained at the time of sigmoid colostomy closure in children who had undergone anorectoplasty for imperforate anus(n=10).Fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed to assess protein distribution,which was then visualized using confocal ***:No HCN1 channel expression was observed in any of the tissues *** HCN2 and HCN4proteins were found to be equally expressed in the aganglionic and ganglionic bowel in HsCR and ***3 channel expression was found to be markedly decreased in the aganglionic colon vs ganglionic colon and ***2-4 channels were seen to be expressed within neurons of the myenteric and submucosal plexus of the ganglionic bowel and normal controls,and also co-localised to interstitial cells of Cajal in all tissues ***:We demonstrate HCN channel expression in human colon for the first *** HCN3expression in aganglionic bowel suggests its potential role in HsCR pathophysiology.

关键词： Hyperpolarisation-activated nucleotide-gated Interstitial cells of Cajal Hirschsprung’s Pacemaker Ih current

Deficiency of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-positive cells in Hirschsprung's disease colon

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第12期22卷 3335-3340页

作者： Anne-Marie O'Donnell David Coyle Prem puri National Children's Research Centre Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin

AIM: To investigate whether the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-positive (PDGFRα+)-cells is altered in Hirschsprung’s disease (HD).METHODs: HD tissue specimens (n = 10) were collected at the... 详细信息

AIM: To investigate whether the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α-positive (PDGFRαsup>+sup>)-cells is altered in Hirschsprung’s disease (HD).METHODs: HD tissue specimens (n = 10) were collected at the time of pull-through surgery, while colonic control samples were obtained at the time of colostomy closure in patients with imperforate anus (n = 10). Immunolabelling of PDGFRαsup>+sup>-cells was visualized using confocal microscopy to assess the distribution of these cells, while Western blot analysis was undertaken to quantify PDGFRα protein ***: Confocal microscopy revealed PDGFRαsup>+sup>-cells within the mucosa, myenteric plexus and smooth muscle in normal controls, with a marked reduction in PDGFRαsup>+sup>-cells in the HD specimens. Western blotting revealed high levels of PDGFRα protein expression in normal controls, while there was a striking decrease in PDGFRα protein expression in the HD ***: These findings suggest that the altered distribution of PDGFRαsup>+sup>-cells in both the aganglionic and ganglionic HD bowel may contribute to the motility dysfunction in HD.

关键词： Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha Hirschsprung’ s disease Gastrointestinal motility Aganglionosis Myenteric plexus

Ribosome Inactivating Proteins from Plants Inhibiting Viruses

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Virologica sinica 2011年第6期26卷 357-365页

作者： Inderdeep Kaur R C Gupta Munish puri Protein and Fermentation Biotechnology Laboratory Department of BiotechnologyPunjabi UniversityPatiala 147002India Department of Botany Punjabi UniversityPatiala 147002India Centre for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary science (BioDeakin) Institute of Technology Research and Innovation (ITRI)Deakin UniversityVictoria 3217Australia

Many plants contain ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) with N-glycosidase activity, which depurinate large ribosomal RNA and arrest protein synthesis. RIPs so far tested inhibit replication of mRNA as well as DNA viruses and these proteins, isolated from plants, are found to be effective against a broad range of viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and herpes simplex virus (HsV). Most of the research work related to RIPs has been focused on antiviral activity against HIV; however, the exact mechanism of antiviral activity is still not clear. The mechanism of antiviral activity was thought to follow inactivation of the host cell ribosome, leading to inhibition of viral protein translation and host cell death. Enzymatic activity of RIPs is not limited to depurination of the large rRNA, in addition they can depurinate viral DNA as well as RNA. Recently, Phase I/II clinical trials have demonstrated the potential use of RIPs for treating patients with HIV disease. The aim of this review is to focus on various RIPs from plants associated with anti-HIV activity.

关键词： Ribosome inactivating protein Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis B virus Herpes simplex virus

Rapid Magnetic 3D Printing of Cellular structures with MCF-7 Cell Inks

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 1183-1195页

作者： s.Mishriki A.R.Abdel Fattah T.Kammann R.P.sahu F.Geng I.K.puri school of Biomedical Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Department of Mechanical Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Faculty of Biological sciences Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaGermany

A contactless label-free method using a diamagnetophoretic ink to rapidly print three-dimensional(3D)scafold-free multicellular structures is *** inks consist of MCF-7 cells that are suspended in a culture medium to which a paramagnetic salt,diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid gadolinium(III)dihydrogen salt hydrate(Gd-DTPA),is *** a magnetic feld is applied,the host fuid containing the paramagnetic salt is attracted towards regions of high magnetic feld gradient,displacing the ink towards regions with a low *** this method,3D structures are printed on ultra-low attachment(ULA)*** a tissue culture treated(TCT)surface,a 3D printed spheroid coexists with a two-dimensional(2D)cell monolayer,where the composite is termed as a 2.5D *** 3D structures can be magnetically printed within 6 hours in a medium containing 25 mM *** infuence of the paramagnetic salt on MCF-7 cell viability,cell morphology,and ability of cells to adhere to each other to stabilize the printed structures on both ULA and TCT surfaces is *** expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha(HIF1�)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)allow comparison of the relative stresses for the printed 3D and 2.5D cell geometries with those for 3D spheroids formed without magnetic *** magnetic printing method can be potentially scaled to a higher throughput to rapidly print cells into 3D heterogeneous cell structures with variable geometries with repeatable dimensions for applications such as tissue engineering and tumour formation for drug discovery.

关键词： structure culture dimensions

Fragment emission and critical behavior in light and heavy charged systems

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第1期45卷 215-225页

作者： samiksha sood Rohit Kumar Arun sharma sakshi Gautam Rajeev K.puri Department of Physics Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India Department of Physics G.D.College.BillawarJammu 185204India

We study the emission of fragments in central collisions of light and heavily charged systems of^4+Ar+^45 sc and^s4Kr+^197 Au,respectively,using the Quantum Molecular Dynamics(QMD)model as the primary *** fragments are identified using an energy based clusterization algorithm,i.e.,the simulated Annealing Clusterization Algorithm(sACA).The charge distributions of intermediate mass fragments[3≤Zf≤12]are fitted with power-law(∝Zf^-τ)and exp on ential(∝e^-λZf)fits in order to extract the parametersτandλ,whose minimum values are also sometimes linked with the onset of fragmentation or the critical point for a liquid-gas phase *** parameters such as the normalized second moments2>,,average size of the second largest cluster,phase separation parameter(sp),bimodal parameter(P),information entropy(H),and Zipfs law are also analyzed to find the exact energy of the onset of *** detailed analysis predicts that an energy point exists between 20-23.1 MeV/nucleon,which is very close to the experimentally observed value of 23.9 MeV/nucleon for the^40Ar+^45sc *** also find that the critical energy deduced using Zipfs law is higher than those predicted from other critical ***,no minimum is found for t values of the highly charged system of^84Kr+^197Au,in agreement with experimental findings and various theoretical *** observe that the QMD+sACA model calculations are in agreement with the experimental *** agreement supports our results regarding the energy point of the liquid-gas phase transition and the onset of fragmentation.

关键词： heavy-ion collisions transport model clusterization algorithm Monte-Carlo technique li・quid-gas phase transition