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Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy:Indications,technique,complications and management

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第24期20卷 7739-7751页

作者： Ata A Rahnemai-Azar Amir A Rahnemaiazar Rozhin Naghshizadian amparo kurtz Daniel T Farkas Department of Surgery Bronx-Lebanon Hospital CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10457United States

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the preferred route of feeding and nutritional support in patients with a functional gastrointestinal system who require long-term enteral nutrition. Besides its well-known advantages over parenteral nutrition, PEG offers superior access to the gastrointestinal system over surgical methods. Considering that nowadays PEG tube placement is one of the most common endoscopic procedures performed worldwide, knowing its indications and contraindications is of paramount importance in current medicine. PEG tubes are sometimes placed inappropriately in patients unable to tolerate adequate oral intake because of incorrect and unrealistic understanding of their indications and what they can accomplish. Broadly, the two main indications of PEG tube placement are enteral feeding and stomach decompression. On the other hand, distal enteral obstruction, severe uncorrectable coagulopathy and hemodynamic instability constitute the main absolute contraindications for PEG tube placement in hospitalized patients. Although generally considered to be a safe procedure, there is the potential for both minor and major complications. Awareness of these potential complications, as well as understanding routine aftercare of the catheter, can improve the quality of care for patients with a PEG tube. These complications can generally be classified into three major categories: endoscopic technical difficulties, PEG procedure-related complications and late complications associated with PEG tube use and wound care. In this review we describe a variety of minor and major tube-related complications as well as strategies for their management and avoidance. Different methods of percutaneous PEG tube placement into the stomach have been described in the literature with the “pull” technique being the most common method. In the last section of this review, the reader is presented with a brief discussion of these procedures, techniques and relate

关键词： Gastrostomy tube Percutaneous Enteral feeding Indication Contraindication Complication Management

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Pollen analysis reveals the effects of uncovered interactions,pollen-carrying structures,and pollinator sex on the structure of wild bee-plant networks

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 971-988页

作者： Clément Tourbez Carmelo Gómez-Martínez MiguelÁngel Gonzalez-Estévez amparo Lazaro Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies(UIB-CSIC) Global Change Research GroupEsporlesBalearic IslandsSpain Department of Biology Ecology AreaUniversity of the Balearic/slandsPalmaSpain

Pollination networks are increasingly used to model the complexity of interactions between pollinators and flowering plants in *** methods exist to sample these interactions,with direct observations of plant-pollinator contacts in the field being by far the most *** the identification of pollen carried by pollinators allows uncovering interactions and increasing sample sizes,the methods used to build pollen-transport networks are variable and their effect on network structure remains *** understand how interaction sampling influences the structure of networks,we analyzed the pollen found on wild bees from eight communities across Mallorca Island and investigated the differences in pollen loads between bee body parts(scopa ***)and *** then assessed how these differences,as well as the uncovered interactions not detected in the field,influenced the structure of wild bee-plant *** identified a higher quantity and diversity of pollen in the scopa than in the rest of the female body,but these differences did not lead to differences in structure between plant-pollination(excluding scopa pollen)and bee-feeding interaction(including scopa pollen)***,networks built with pollen data were richer in plant species and interactions and showed lower modularity and specialization(H2'),and higher nestedness than visitation networks based on field *** interactions with plants were stronger compared to those of males,although not ***,females were more generalist(low d')and tended to be more central in interaction networks,indicating their more key role structuring pollination networks in comparison to *** study highlights the importance of palynological data to increase the resolution of networks,as well as to understand important ecological questions such as the differences between plant-pollination and bee-feeding interaction networks,and the role of sexes in pollination.

关键词： palynology pollen-transport networks pollination role of bee sexes sampling methodology visitation networks

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Reinforcement of Thermoplastic Starch Films with Cellulose Fibres Obtained from Rice and Coffee Husks

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2018年第6期6卷 599-610页

作者： Sofía Collazo-Bigliardi Rodrigo Ortega-Toro amparo Chiralt Boix Instituto de Ingeniería de Alimentos para el Desarrollo Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaCamino de Vera s/n46022 ValenciaSpain Programa de Ingeniería de Alimentos Facultad de IngenieríaUniversidad de CartagenaCarrera 6#36-100Cartagena de Indias D.T y CColombia

Cellulosic fibres from coffee(CF)and rice(RF)husks have been obtained applying chemical treatments and characterized as to their microstructure and thermal *** materials have been incorporated into glycerol plasticised thermoplastic starch(TPS)films obtained by melt blending and compression moulding at 1 wt%,5 wt%and 10 wt%.Microstructure,thermal behaviour and optical,tensile and barrier properties of the composites were *** kinds of micro-fibres improve the film stiffness while reduced the film ***,CF better maintained the film ductility at 1 and 5 wt%.A network of fine oriented fibres was observed on the surface of the films,while internal fibres exhibited a good adherence to the polymer *** water vapour permeability of TPS films was not reduced in composites,although oxygen permeability was lowered by about 17%.Film transparency decreased by fibre addition in the UVVIS *** stability of composites was slightly higher than net TPS films.

关键词： Cellulose fibres coffee husk reinforcing properties rice husk starch composites

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Automatic Fruit Morphology Phenome and Genetic Analysis:An Application in the Octoploid Strawberry

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Plant Phenomics 2021年第1期3卷 167-180页

作者： Laura M.Zingaretti amparo Monfort Miguel Pérez-Enciso Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB08193 BellaterraBarcelonaSpain Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries(IRTA) 08193 BarcelonaSpain ICREA Passeig de Lluís Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain

Automatizing phenotype measurement will decisively contribute to increase plant breeding *** phenotypes,morphological traits are relevant in many fruit breeding programs,as appearance influences consumer ***,these traits are manually or semiautomatically ***,fruit morphology evaluation can be enhanced using fully automatized procedures and digital images provide a cost-effective opportunity for this ***,we present an automatized pipeline for comprehensive phenomic and genetic analysis of morphology traits extracted from internal and external strawberry(Fragaria x ananassa)*** pipeline segments,classifies,and labels the images and extracts conformation features,including linear(area,perimeter,height,width,circularity,shape descriptor,ratio between height and width)and multivariate(Fourier elliptical components and Generalized Procrustes)*** color patterns are obtained using an autoencoder to smooth out the *** addition,we develop a variational autoencoder to automatically detect the most likely number of underlying *** modeling is employed to estimate both additive and dominance effects for all *** expected,conformational traits are clearly ***,dominance variance is higher than the additive component for most of the ***,we show that fruit shape and color can be quickly and automatically evaluated and are moderately *** we study strawberry images,the algorithm can be applied to other fruits,as shown in the GitHub repository.

关键词： breeding additive dominance

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Nutritional value of high fiber co-products from the copra,palm kernel,and rice industries in diets fed to pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第2期7卷 125-133页

作者： Hans Henrik Stein Gloria amparo Casas Jerubella Jerusalem Abelilla Yanhong Liu Rommel Casilda Sulabo Department of Animal Science University of IllinoisUrbana 61801USA Departamento de Produccion Animal Facultad de Medicina Veterinariay deZootecniaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotaColombia. University of California Davis 95616USA. University of the Philippines Los BanosPhilippines.

High fiber co-products from the copra and palm kernel industries are by-products of the production of coconut oil and palm kernel oil. The co-products include copra meal, copra expellers, palm kernel meal, and palm kernel expellers. All 4 ingredients are very high in fiber and the energy value is relatively low when fed to pigs. The protein concentration is between 14 and 22 % and the protein has a low biological value and a very high Arg：Lys ratio. Digestibility of most amino acids is less than in soybean meal but close to that in corn. However, the digestibility of Lys is sometimes low due to Maillard reactions that are initiated due to overheating during *** and palm kernel ingredients contain 0.5 to 0.6 % P. Most of the P in palm kernel meal and palm kernel expellers is bound to phytate, but in copra products less than one third of the P is bound to phytate. The digestibility of P is, therefore, greater in copra meal and copra expellers than in palm kernel ingredients. Inclusion of copra meal should be less than 15 % in diets fed to weanling pigs and less than 25 % in diets for growing-finishing pigs. Palm kernel meal may be included by 15 % in diets for weanling pigs and 25 % in diets for growing and finishing *** bran contains the pericarp and aleurone layers of brown rice that is removed before polished rice is *** bran contains approximately 25 % neutral detergent fiber and 25 to 30 % starch. Rice bran has a greater concentration of P than most other plant ingredients, but 75 to 90 % of the P is bound in phytate. Inclusion of microbial phytase in the diets is, therefore, necessary if rice bran is used. Rice bran may contain 15 to 24 % fat, but it may also have been defatted in which case the fat concentration is less than 5 %. Concentrations of digestible energy（DE） and metabolizable energy（ME） are slightly less in full fat rice bran than in corn, but defatted rice bran contains less than 75 % of the DE and ME in corn. The concentrat

关键词： Copra expellers Copra meal Palm kernel expellers Palm kernel meal Rice bran

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Rifaximin,but not growth factor 1,reduces brain edema in cirrhotic rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第17期18卷 2084-2091页

作者： Gemmaòdena Mireia Miquel Anna Serafín amparo Galan Rosa Morillas Ramon Planas Ramon Bartolí Hepatology Unit Department of GastroenterologyGermans Trias i Pujol Health Science Research Institute08916 BadalonaSpain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas(CIBERehd) 08036 BarcelonaSpain Department of Gastroenterology CorporacióSanitària Parc Taulí08208 SabadellSpain Platform of Laboratory Animal Applied Research Parc Científic de Barcelona08028 BarcelonaSpain Department of Biochemistry Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol08916 BadalonaSpain Liver Unit Department of GastroenterologyHospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol08916 BadalonaSpain

AIM:To compare rifaximin and insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-1 treatment of hyperammonemia and brain edema in cirrhotic rats with portal ***:Rats with CCl4-induced cirrhosis with ascites plus portal vein occlusion and controls were randomized into six groups:Cirrhosis;Cirrhosis + IGF-1;Cirrhosis + rifaximin;Controls;Controls + IGF-1;and Controls + *** oral glutamine-challenge test was performed,and plasma and cerebral ammonia,glucose,bilirubin,transaminases,endotoxemia,brain water content and ileocecal cultures were measured and liver histology was ***:Rifaximin treatment significantly reduced bacterial overgrowth and endotoxemia compared with cirrhosis groups,and improved some liver function parameters(bilirubin,alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase).These effects were associated with a significant reduction in cerebral water *** and cerebral ammonia levels,and area-underthe-curve values for oral glutamine-challenge tests were similar in rifaximin-treated cirrhotic rats and control group *** contrast,IGF-1 administration failed to improve most alterations observed in ***:By reducing gut bacterial overgrowth,only rifaximin was capable of normalizing plasma and brain ammonia and thereby abolishing low-grade brain edema,alterations associated with hepatic encephalopathy.

关键词： Hyperammonemia Low-grade brain edema Hepatic encephalopathy Rifaximin Insulin-like growth factor 1 Cirrhosis

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Quantifying water stress effect on daily light use efficiency in Mediterranean ecosystems using satellite data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第6期10卷 623-638页

作者： Sergio Sanchez-Ruiz Alvaro Moreno Maria Piles Fabio Maselli Arnaud Carrara Steven Running Maria amparo Gilabert Departament de Fisica de la Terra i Termodinamica Facultat de FisicaUniversitat de ValenciaBurjassotSpain Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group University of MontanaMissoulaMTUSA Barcelona Expert Center Institut de Ciencies del MarICM-CSICBarcelonaSpain IBIMET-CNR Sesto FiorentinoItaly Fundacion CEAM PaternaSpain

The capacity of six water stress factors(ε′(i))to track daily light use efficiency(ε)of water-limited ecosystems was *** factors are computed with remote sensing operational products and a limited amount of ground data:ε′1 uses ground precipitation and air temperature,and satellite incoming global solar radiation;ε′(2) uses ground air temperature,and satellite actual evapotranspiration and incoming global solar radiation;ε′_(3) uses satellite actual and potential evapotranspiration;ε′_(4) uses satellite soil moisture;ε′_(5) uses satellite-derived photochemical reflectance index;and ε′_(6) uses ground vapor pressure *** factors were implemented in a production efficiency model based on Monteith’s approach in order to assess their performance for modeling gross primary production(GPP).Estimated GPP was compared to reference GPP from eddy covariance(EC)measurements(GPP EC)in three sites placed in the Iberian Peninsula(two open shrublands and one savanna).ε′_(i) were correlated to ε,which was calculated by dividing GPP EC by ground measured photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)and satellite-derived fraction of absorbed *** results were achieved by ε′(1),ε′(2),ε′(3) and ε′(4) explaining around 40% and 50% of ε variance in open shurblands and savanna,*** terms of GPP,R^(2)≈0.70 were obtained in these cases.

关键词： Light use efficiency water stress GPP Monteith Mediterranean ecosystems

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Floral trait variation across individual plants within a population enhances defense capability to nectar robbing

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Plant Diversity 2023年第3期45卷 315-325页

作者： Shuang Tie Yong-Deng He amparo Lazaro David W.Inouye You-Hao Guo Chun-Feng Yang College of Life Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430074China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Global Change Research Group Mediterranean Institute for Advanced Studies(IMEDEAUIB-CSIC)EsporlesBalearic IslandsSpain The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Post Office Box 519Crested ButteCO 81224USA Department of Biology University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

Floral trait variation may help pollinators and nectar robbers identify their target plants and,thus,lead to differential selection pressure for defense capability against floral ***,the effect of floral trait variation among individuals within a population on multi-dimensional plant-animal interactions has been little *** investigated floral trait variation,pollination,and nectar robbing among individual plants in a population of the bumble bee-pollinated plant,Caryopteris divaricata,from which flowers are also robbed by bumble bees with varying intensity across *** measured the variation in corolla tube length,nectar volume and sugar concentration among individual plants,and evaluated whether the variation were recognized by pollinators and *** investigated the in-fluence of nectar robbing on legitimate visitation and seed production per *** found that the primary nectar robber(Bombus nobilis)preferred to forage on plants with long-tubed flowers,which produced less nectar and had lower sugar concentration compared to those with shorter corolla *** with shorter corolla tubes had comparatively lower nectar robbing intensity but higher visitation by legitimate visitors(mainly ***)and higher seed *** robbing signifi-cantly reduced seed production because it decreased pollinator ***,neither pollination nor seed production differed between plants with long and short corolla tubes when nectar robbers were *** finding suggests that floral trait variation might not be driven by *** variation among individual plants thus allows legitimate visitors and nectar robbers to segregate niches and enhances population defense against nectar robbing in unpredictable conditions.

关键词： Bumble bees Caryopteris divaricata Corolla tube Intraspecific variation Plant reproductive success Pollination

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m6A levels and expression of its modification genes show significant differences in breast cancer molecular subtypes

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第5期10卷 1751-1754页

作者： Tamara Kleinbielen Felix Olasagasti Elena Beristain amparo Viguri-Díaz Isabel Guerra-Merino Africa García-Orad Marian Mde Pancorbo BIOMICs Research Group Lascaray Research CenterUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUVitoria-GasteizAraba 01006Spain Bioaraba Health Research Institute Vitoria-GasteizAraba 01009Spain Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of the Basque CountryUPV/EHUVitoria-GasteizAraba 01006Spain Molecular Genetics Laboratory Araba University HospitalOsakidetza Basque Health ServiceVitoria-GasteizAraba 01009Spain Pathology Department Araba University HospitalVitoria-GasteizAraba 01009Spain Department of Genetics Physical Anthropology and Animal PhysiologyUniversity of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)LeioaBizkaia 48940Spain BioCruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute BarakaldoBizkaia 48903Spain Department of Zoology and Animal Biology.University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU) LeioaBizkaia 48940Spain

N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is the most abundant modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA.1 This modification is dynamic,reversible,and mediated by proteins characterized as methyltransferases and *** investigations have found that aberrant expression of methyltransferases and demethylases results in m6A dysregulation and,in consequence,affects the biological functions in which this modification is ***,m6A dysregulation affects the development and maintenance of various diseases,including cancer.2 For this reason,we explored the potential role that m6A modification has in invasive breast cancer of no special type(IBC-NST)and its molecular subtypes luminal A,luminal B HER2-,luminal B HER2+,HER2+,and triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)whose degree of global m6A methylation has not yet been studied.

关键词： breast cancer HER2

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Repeatability of in-vitro optical quality measurements of intraocular lenses with a deflectometry technique effect of the toricity

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2018年第7期11卷 1139-1144页

作者： Teresa Ferrer-Blasco Alberto Dominguez-Vicent Santiago Garcia-Lazaro Maria amparo Diez-Ajenjo Jose F.Alfonso Jose J.Esteve-Taboada Department of Optics and Optometry and Visual Science University of Valencia Valencia 46100 Spain Clinica Optometrica Fundacio Lluis Alcanyis Universitat de Valencia Valencia 46020 Spain Surgery Department Fernandez-Vega Ophthalmological Institute Oviedo 33012 Spain School of Medicine University of Oviedo Oviedo 33006 Spain

AIM： To evaluate the repeatability of an optical device for measuring the Zernike coefficients of toric intraocular lenses（IOLs） and assess whether its toricity has any impact in its repeatability. METHODS： An experienced technician used the NIMO TR1504 to measure the Zernike coefficients 30 times for an aperture of 4.50 mm for all lenses included. The IOLs included were divided into two group： toric and nontoric ones. The cylindrical powers of the toric lenses included in the present study were 1.00, 1.50, 2.25, 3.00 and 3.75 D. Finally, the repeatability of the NIMO TR1504 was described in terms of within subject standard deviation（Sw） and repeatability limit. RESULTS： The Sw was smaller than 0.011 μm for both lens groups and all Zernike coefficients, and the difference between both groups was smaller than 0.004 μm for all Zernike coefficients. Regarding the repeatability limit, this value was smaller than 0.025 μm for the toric lens group, and smaller than 0.031 μm for the non-toric lens one for all Zernike coefficients. Furthermore, the maximum difference between both lens groups was 0.010 μm. CONCLUSION： The repeatability of the NIMO TR1504 to measure the optical quality is high and independent of the lens toricity. These results reflect that this system is robust and could be used to measure the in-vitro optical quality of either toric or non-toric IOLs.

关键词： in-vitro measurements optical quality intraocular lens repeatability

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