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A catalyst-free new polyol method synthesized hot-pressed Cu-doped Bi2S3 nanorods and their thermoelectric properties

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Nano Research 2016年第11期9卷 3291-3304页

作者： Tarachand Vikash Sharma Ranu bhatt Vedachalaiyer Ganesan Gunadhor Singh Okram UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research Indore 452001 India Technical Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai 400085 India

This is the first report on the thermoelectric properties of a catalyst-free polyol method used to prepare stoichiometric Bi2-xCuxS3 samples, x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, via hot pressing. Various systematic approaches to arrive at in their stoichiometric compositions are explored precisely with introduction of excess precursor of S. X-ray diffraction data analysis using Rietveld refinement confirms a polyhedral orthorhombic crystal structure with a space group Pnma, in contrast to Pbnm reported earlier. Raman data further substantiates this. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the valence states of the constituent elements （Bi^3＋, Cu^2＋, and S^2-） and energy dispersive X-ray analysis corroborates their compositions. The particle sizes of the pure Bi2S3 nanoparticles were 20, 35, and 82 nm as determined from the Scherrer formula, atomic force microscopy, and dynamic light scattering, respectively. Their transmission electron microscopy image shows rod-like nanostructures elongated in the 〈010〉 direction with an average diameter of 23 nm and a length of several hundreds of nanometers. A 34% improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit is observed for Bi.6Cu0.4S3 as compared to pure Bi2S3 at 300 K.

关键词： Bi2S3 polyol nanorods thermoelectrics

Anthropogenic disturbances and their impact on vegetation in Western Himalaya,India

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第1期13卷 69-82页

作者： Zubair A.MALIK Rajiv PANDEY Ajay Ballabh bhatt Ecology Laboratory Department of Botany and MicrobiologyHNB Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal)Uttarakhand-246174India Department of Botany Govt.Degree CollegeBeerwah Budgam(J&K)-193411India. Department of Forestry andNatural Resources HNB Garhwal University Srinagar(Garhwal)Uttarakhand-246174India

The present study assesses anthropogenic disturbances and their impacts on the vegetation in Western Himalaya,India on the basis of various disturbance parameters such as density,Total Basal Cover(TBC) of cut stumps,lopping percentage and grazing *** the basis of canopy cover and frequency of disturbances(%),the studied forests were divided into highly disturbed(HD),moderately disturbed(MD) and least disturbed(LD) *** HD forests had the lowest canopy cover,lowest density and lowest TBC and the LD had the highest canopy cover,highest density and highest *** MD forests occupied the intermediate position with respect to these *** richness was least in HD forests,highest in one of the MD forests while LD forest occupied an intermediate *** percentage of regenerating species was lowest(54%) in HD and highest(72%) in *** density of seedlings and saplings was higher in one of the MD forests as compared to HD and *** concluded that the moderate disturbances do not affect the vegetation adversely;however the increased degree of disturbance causes loss in plant diversity;affects regeneration and changes community *** of hydroelectric projects at various places in the study area was found to be one of the most important sources of anthropogenic disturbances in addition to the routine anthropogenic disturbances like grazing,fuelwood collection and fodder *** all proposed dams in the Indian Himalaya are constructed combined with weak national environmental impact assessment and implementation,it will result in a significant loss of ***,various agents of disturbances should be evaluated in cumulative manner and any developmental activities such as hydropower projects,which trigger various natural and anthropogenic disturbances,should be combined with proper cumulative environmental impact assessment and effective implementation to minimise the anticipated loss of vegetation.

关键词：下线服务迁移

The energetic relationship among geoeffective solar flares, associated CMEs and SEPs

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2013年第8期13卷 978-990页

作者： Nipa J bhatt Rajmal Jain Arun Kumar Awasthi Physics Dept C. U. Shah Science College Physical Research Laboratory (Dept. of Space Govt. of India)

Major solar eruptions （flares, coronal mass ejections （CMEs） and solar energetic particles （SEPs）） strongly influence geospace and space weather. Currently, the mechanism of their influence on space weather is not well understood and requires a detailed study of the energetic relationship among these eruptive phenomena. From this perspective, we investigate 30 flares （observed by RHESSI）, followed by weak to strong geomagnetic storms. Spectral analysis of these flares suggests a new power-law relationship （r - 0.79） between the hard X-ray （HXR） spectral index （before flarepeak） and linear speed of the associated CME observed by LASCO/SOHO. For 12 flares which were followed by SEP enhancement near Earth, HXR and SEP spectral analysis reveals a new scaling law （r - 0.9） between the hardest X-ray flare spectrum and the hardest SEP spectrum. Furthermore, a strong correlation is obtained between the linear speed of the CME and the hardest spectrum of the corresponding SEP event （r - 0.96）. We propose that the potentially geoeffective flare and associated CME and SEP are well-connected through a possible feedback mechanism, and should be regarded within the framework of a solar eruption. Owing to their space weather effects, these new results will help improve our current understanding of the Sun-Earth relationship, which is a major goal of research programs in heliophysics.

关键词： Sun coronal mass ejections (CMEs) - Sun flares - Sun particle emission - Sun solar-terrestrial relations - Sun X-rays

Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Approaches:Future Scope of Halotolerant Genes and Rice Landraces

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Rice science 2020年第5期27卷 368-383页

作者： Tarun bhatt Aditi Sharma Sanjeev Puri Anu Priya Minhas Department of Biotechnology University Institute of Engineering and TechnologySector-25Panjab UniversityChandigarh 160014India

All rice plant developmental stages are severely affected by soil salinity. Salinity-induced ionic and osmotic stresses affect stomata closure and gaseous exchange, and reduce transpiration and the rate of carbon assimilation, and hence decrease plant yield. Understanding the response of rice plants toward salinity stress at the genetic level and developing salt-tolerant varieties are the vital mandates for its effective management. This review described the present status of salt-tolerance achieved in rice by various mechanisms including the ion homeostasis(Na^+/H^+, OsNHX antiporters), compatible organic solutes(glycine betaine and proline), antioxidative genes(OsECS, OsVTE1, OsAPX and OsMSRA4.1), salt responsive regulatory elements(transcription factors, cis-acting elements and miRNAs) and genes ecoding protein kinases(MAPKs, SAPKs and STRKs). Further, the future perspective of developing salt-tolerant varieties lies in exploring halotolerant gene homologs from rice varieties, especially the landraces. Genetic diversity among rice landraces can serve as a valuable resource for future studies toward variety improvement through breeding and genome editing. Further, identification, multiplication, preservation and utilization of biodiversity among landraces are the urgent buffers to be saved as a heritage for future generations to come.

关键词： rice soil salinity ion homeostasis halotolerant landrace

Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease:Recent Advancement

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2017年第5期33卷 585-597页

作者： Sharvari Lotankar Kedar S Prabhavalkar Lokesh K bhatt Department of Pharmacology SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of PharmacyVile Parle(W)MumbaiIndia

As a multi-factorial degenerative disease, Parkinson＇s disease （PD） leads to tremor, gait rigidity, and hypokinesia, thus hampering normal living. As this disease is usually detected in the later stages when neurons have degenerated completely, cure is on hold, ultimately leading to death due to the lack of early diagnostic techniques. Thus, biomarkers are required to detect the disease in the early stages when prevention is possible. Various biomarkers providing early diagnosis of the disease include those of imaging, cerebrospinal fluid, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, and inflammation. Also, biomarkers, alone or in combination, are used in the diagnosis and evolution of PD. This review encompasses various biomarkers available for PD and discusses recent advances in their development.

关键词： Parkinson's disease· Imaging biomarkers ·Biochemical biomarkers - Clinical biomarkers Geneticbiomarkers

HvWRKY2 acts as an immunity suppressor and targets HvCEBiP to regulate powdery mildew resistance in barley

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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 99-107页

作者： Deshui Yu Renchun Fan Ling Zhang Pengya Xue Libing Liao Meizhen Hu Yanjun Cheng Jine Li Ting Qi Shaojuan Jing Qiuyun Wang Arvind bhatt Qian-Hua Shen Lushan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of ScienceJiujiang 332900JiangxiChina State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesInnovation Academy for Seed DesignBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Plants use a sophisticated immune system to perceive pathogen infection and activate immune responses in a tightly controlled *** barley,Hv WRKY2 acts as a repressor in barley disease resistance to the powdery mildew fungus,Blumeria graminis ***(Bgh).However,the molecular features of Hv WRKY2 in its DNA-binding and repressor functions,as well as its target genes,are *** show that the W-box binding of Hv WRKY2 requires an intact WRKY domain and an upstream sequence of~75 amino acids,and the Hv WRKY2 W-box binding activity is linked to its repressor function in disease *** immunoprecipitation(ChIP)-seq analysis identified HvCEBiP,a putative chitin receptor gene,as a target gene of Hv WRKY2 in overexpressing transgenic barley ***-qPCR and Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay(EMSA)verified the direct binding of Hv WRKY2 to a W-boxcontaining sequence in the HvCEBiP *** CEBiP positively regulates resistance against Bgh in *** findings suggest that Hv WRKY2 represses barley basal immunity by directly targeting pathogen-associated molecular pattern(PAMP)recognition receptor genes,suggesting that Hv CEBiP and likely chitin signaling function in barley PAMP-triggered immune responses to Bgh infection.

关键词： HvWRKY2 Basal immunity Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP) HvCEBiP

Eco-physiological studies on desert plants: germination of Halothamnus iraqensis Botsch. seeds under different conditions

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Journal of Arid Land 2019年第1期11卷 75-85页

作者： Arvind bhatt Narayana R BHAT Valentina MURRU ANDrea SANTO Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research University of Cagliari Independent Researcher

With the aim to investigate if the halophyte Halothamnus iraqensis Botsch. can be suitable for re-vegetation and remediation of salt-affected lands, this study evaluated(1) the effects of photoperiod, thermoperiod, storage period and wings' presence on its seed germination, and(2) the ability of its seeds to have successful germination recovery after salt stress. Germination tests in different photoperiods(12 h light/12 h darkness and total darkness) and thermoperiods(15℃/20℃ and 20℃/25℃) were conducted for seeds collected in 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 and 2016. The seeds collected in 2016 were sown under different salinity levels(0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 m M Na Cl) to assess the salinity tolerance during the germination. Wings' presence highly inhibited seed germination of this species in both photoperiods and thermoperiods under all salinity level treatments. In addition, the germination recovery occurred well when seeds were deprived of their wings. The photoperiod of 12 h light/12 h darkness and the thermoperiod of 15℃/20℃ were the best conditions for seed germination. Germination percentages of H. iraqensis seeds decreased with the increasing storage duration, especially after three years of the collection. In addition, H. iraqensis seeds were able to germinate under different salinity levels, and their germination percentages decreased with increasing salinity levels. H. iraqensis seeds have the ability to recover their germination after alleviating the salt stress, irrespective of photoperiod, highlighting the halophilous character of this species.

关键词： wings’ presence storage period photoperiod thermoperiod salt stress Halothamnus iraqensis Botsch

Provenance discrimination and Source-to-Sink studies from a dryland fluvial regime:An example from Kachchh,western India

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第1期29卷 99-109页

作者： S.P.PRIZOMWALA Nilesh bhatt N.BASAVAIAH Institute of Seismological Research Department of Geology The M.S.University of Baroda Indian Institute of Geomagnetism

Tracing the sediment delivery from its source terrain to its ultimate sink envisage multiple factors that play a vital role in understanding present day erosional *** accomplish this,it is significant to distinguish the variable end-members contributing to the *** findings from the study of dryland coastal fluvial regime in Kachchh(Western India),which is one of the end members contributing to the Gulf of Kachchh coast(partial sink) and finally to the Arabian Sea(ultimate sink) have been presented ***-proxy sediment provenance proxies such as grain-size,clay minerals,geochemistry and magnetic minerals have been employed to evaluate the provenance discriminating characteristics of the Kachchh dryland fluvial system and factors influencing *** results of different proxies indicate that the provenance signatures of uplands are quite characteristic with magnetic susceptibility(χ) values of <20×10-7m3kg-1and smectite(S)/kaolinite(K) ratio between 0.26 and *** middle reaches show marked increase in magnetic mineral concentration with χ values(140×10-7m3kg-1)and S/K ratio(4.92),while the estuarine tract shows χ values(80×10-7m3kg-1),S/K ratio(1.90) and,characteristic heavy minerals(*** minerals),probably reflect the interplay between land and sea *** sources of sediments within catchment scale were identified,viz.,upland sedimentary rocks(Juran and Bhuj Formation sandstone-shale) and middle reaches volcanic(Deccan Trap Formation basalt) *** present study draw cautions in provenance of sediment discrimination in areas influenced by Deccan basalt that has the overwhelming sediment delivery and a comparatively subdued effects of other provenance *** studied proxies of mineralogy of clays,magnetic minerals and geochemistry of heavy and major elements serve as the potential for fingerprint of sediment source regions and hence behold a strong position in source to sink studies globally.

关键词： Provenance Source-to-sink Heavy minerals Clay minerals Kachchh

Rapid transport of insulin to the brain following intranasal administration in rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第6期14卷 1046-1051页

作者： Lir-Wan Fan Kathleen Carter Abhay bhatt Yi Pang Department of Pediatrics University of Mississippi Medical Center

We previously reported that intranasal insulin protects substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons against6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxicity in rats. This study aimed to assess insulin pharmacokinetics in the rat brain following intranasal application. Recombinant human insulin(rh-Ins) or phosphate buffer solution was administered to both nostrils of rats. Animals were sacrificed at 15 minutes, 1, 2, and 6 hours to determine insulin levels in different brain regions by an ultrasensitive, human-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. For fluorescence tracing study, rats were administered with intranasal florescence-tagged insulin(Alex546-Ins), and brains were fixed at 10 and 30 minutes to prepare sagittal ***-Ins was detected in all brain regions examined except the cerebral cortex. The highest levels were detected in the brainstem, followed by the cerebellum, substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area, olfactory bulb,striatum, hippocampus, and thalamus/hypothalamus. Insulin levels reached a peak at 15 minutes and then declined gradually overtime, but remained significantly higher than baseline levels at 6 hours in most ***, widespread Alex546-Ins-binding cells were detected in the brain at 10 and 30 minutes, with the olfactory bulb and brainstem showing the highest while the cerebral cortex showing lowest fluorescence signals. Double-immunostaining showed that Alex546-Ins-bindings were primarily co-localized with neuronal nuclei-positive neurons. In the subtantia nigra, phospho-Akt was found to be activated in a subset of Alex546-Ins and tyrosine hydroxylase double-labeled cells, suggesting activation of the Akt/PI3 K pathway in these dopaminergic neurons. Data from this study suggest that intranasal insulin could effectively reach deep brain structures including the nigrostriatal pathways, where it binds to dopaminergic neurons and activates intracellular cell survival signaling. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care Committ

关键词： dopaminergic neurons striatum substantia nigra brainstem olfactory bulb glia trigeminal nerve pharmacokinetics axonal transport pAkt