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Cavity-agnostic acoustofluidic manipulations enabled by guided flexural waves on a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第2期10卷 153-171页

作者： Philippe Vachon Srinivas Merugu Jaibir Sharma amit lal Eldwin J.Ng Yul Koh Joshua E.-Y.Lee Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore Institute of Microelectronics Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore SonicMEMS Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA School of Electrical and Data Engineering University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSWAustralia

This article presents an in-depth exploration of the acoustofluidic capabilities of guided flexural waves(GFWs)generated by a membrane acoustic waveguide actuator(MAWA).By harnessing the potential of GFWs,cavity-agnostic advanced particle manipulation functions are achieved,unlocking new avenues for microfluidic systems and lab-on-a-chip *** localized acoustofluidic effects of GFWs arising from the evanescent nature of the acoustic fields they induce inside a liquid medium are numerically investigated to highlight their unique and promising *** traditional acoustofluidic technologies,the GFWs propagating on the MAWA’s membrane waveguide allow for cavity-agnostic particle manipulation,irrespective of the resonant properties of the fluidic ***,the acoustofluidic functions enabled by the device depend on the flexural mode populating the active region of the membrane *** demonstrations using two types of particles include in-sessile-droplet particle transport,mixing,and spatial separation based on particle diameter,along with streaming-induced counter-flow virtual channel generation in microfluidic PDMS *** experiments emphasize the versatility and potential applications of the MAWA as a microfluidic platform targeted at lab-on-a-chip development and showcase the MAWA’s compatibility with existing microfluidic systems.

关键词： waveguide fluid cavity

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Polymer interdigitated pillar electrostatic(PIPE)actuators

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 185-192页

作者： Di Ni Ronald Heisser Benyamin Davaji Landon Ivy Robert Shepherd amit lal School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

This work reports a three-dimensional polymer interdigitated pillar electrostatic actuator that can produce force densities 5-10×higher than those of biological *** theory of operation,scaling,and stability is investigated using analytical and FEM *** actuator consists of two high-density arrays of interdigitated pillars that work against a restoring force generated by an integrated flexure *** actuator architecture enables linear actuation with higher displacements and pull-in free actuation to prevent the in-use stiction associated with other electrostatic *** pillars and springs are 3D printed together in the same *** pillars are coated with a gold-palladium alloy layer to form conductive *** space between the pillars is filled with liquid dielectrics for higher breakdown voltages and larger electrostatic forces due to the increase in the dielectric *** demonstrated a prototype actuator that produced a maximum work density of 54.6μJ/cc and an electrical-tomechanical energy coupling factor of 32%when actuated at 4000 *** device was operated for more than 100,000 cycles with no degradation in *** flexible polymer body was robust,allowing the actuator to operate even after high mechanical force impact,which was demonstrated by operation after drop *** it is scaled further,the reported actuator will enable soft and flexible muscle-like actuators that can be stacked in series and parallel to scale the resulting *** work paves the way for high-energy density actuators for microrobotic applications.

关键词： alloy electrostatic enable

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Ultrasonically actuated neural probes for reduced trauma and inflammation in mouse brain

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第6期8卷 137-151页

作者： Po-Cheng Chen Catharine G.Young Chris B.Schaffer amit lal SonicMEMS Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer EngineeringCornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA

Electrical neural recordings measured using direct electrical interfaces with neural tissue suffer from a short lifespan because the signal strength decreases over *** inflammatory response to the inserted microprobe can create insulating tissue over the electrical interfaces,reducing the recorded signal below noise *** of the factors contributing to this inflammatory response is the tissue damage caused during probe ***,we explore the use of ultrasonic actuation of the neural probe during insertion to minimize tissue damage in *** neural microprobes were designed and fabricated with integrated electrical recording sites and piezoelectric *** microprobes were actuated at ultrasonic frequencies using integrated piezoelectric *** microprobes were inserted into mouse brains under a glass window over the brain surface to image the tissue surrounding the probe using two-photon *** mechanical force required to penetrate the tissue was reduced by a factor of 2–3 when the microprobe was driven at ultrasonic *** histology at the probe insertion site showed a reduced area of damage and decreased microglia counts with increasing ultrasonic actuation of the *** imaging of the microprobe over weeks demonstrated stabilization of the inflammatory *** of electrical signals from neurons over time suggests that microprobes inserted using ultrasound have a higher signal-tonoise ratio over an extended time period.

关键词： microprobe insertion electrical

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Economic Power Dispatching from Distributed Generations: Review of Optimization Techniques

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Energy Engineering 2024年第3期121卷 557-579页

作者： Paramjeet Kaur Krishna Teerth Chaturvedi Mohan lal Kolhe Department of Electrical&Electronics Engineering University Institute of TechnologyBhopalIndia Faculty of Engineering and Science University of AgderKristiansandNorway

In the increasingly decentralized energy environment,economical power dispatching from distributed generations(DGs)is crucial to minimizing operating costs,optimizing resource utilization,and guaranteeing a consistent and sustainable supply of electricity.A comprehensive review of optimization techniques for economic power dispatching from distributed generations is imperative to identify the most effective strategies for minimizing operational costs while maintaining grid stability and *** choice of optimization technique for economic power dispatching from DGs depends on a number of factors,such as the size and complexity of the power system,the availability of computational resources,and the specific requirements of the *** techniques for economic power dispatching from distributed generations(DGs)can be classified into two main categories:(i)Classical optimization techniques,(ii)Heuristic optimization *** classical optimization techniques,the linear programming(LP)model is one of the most popular optimization *** the LP model,power demand and network constraints are met while minimizing the overall cost of generating electricity from *** approach is efficient in determining the best DGs dispatch and is capable of handling challenging optimization issues in the large-scale system including *** quadratic programming(QP)model,a classical optimization technique,is a further popular optimization method,to consider *** QP model can take into account the quadratic cost of energy production,with consideration constraints like network capacity,voltage,and *** metaheuristic optimization techniques are also used for economic power dispatching from DGs,which include genetic algorithms(GA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and ant colony optimization(ACO).Also,Some researchers are developing hybrid optimization techniques that combine elements of classical and heuristic optimiz

关键词： Economic power dispatching distributed generations decentralized energy cost minimization optimization techniques

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Investigating the Evolution of Amati Parameters with Redshift

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2024年第1期24卷 188-200页

作者： Meghendra Singh Darshan Singh Kanhaiya lal Pandey Dinkar Verma Shashikant Gupta Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited New Delhi 110001India GD Goenka University Gurugram 122103India Department of Physics Mata Raj Kaur Institute of Engineering and TechnologyRewari 123401India Department of Physics School of Advanced SciencesVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) are among the brightest objects in the Universe and, hence, can be observed up to a very high redshift. Properly calibrated empirical correlations between intensity and spectral correlations of GRBs can be used to estimate the cosmological parameters. However, the possibility of the evolution of GRBs with redshift is a long-standing puzzle. In this work, we used 162 long-duration GRBs to determine whether GRBs below and above a certain redshift have different properties. The GRBs are split into two groups, and we fit the Amati relation for each group separately. Our findings demonstrate that estimations of the Amati parameters for the two groups are substantially dissimilar. We perform simulations to investigate whether the selection effects could cause the difference. Our analysis shows that the differences may be either intrinsic or due to systematic errors in the data, and the selection effects are not their true origin. However, in-depth analysis with a new data set comprised of 119 long GRBs shows that intrinsic scatter may partly be responsible for such effects.

关键词： Cosmology gamma rays:general (cosmology:)large-scale structure of universe galaxies:high-redshift

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Pre‑hatch thermal manipulation of embryos and post‑hatch baicalein supplementation mitigated heat stress in broiler chickens

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1071-1085页

作者： Sadid Al Amaz Ajay Chaudhary Prem lal Mahato Rajesh Jha Birendra Mishra Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawai’i at ManoaAgSci 2161955 East‑West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background High environmental temperatures induce heat stress in broiler chickens,affecting their health and pro-duction *** dietary,managerial,and genetics strategies have been tested with some success in mitigating heat stress(HS)in *** novel HS mitigation strategies for sustaining broiler production is critically *** study investigated the effects of pre-hatch thermal manipulation(TM)and post-hatch baica-lein supplementation on growth performance and health parameters in heat-stressed *** Six hundred fertile Cobb 500 eggs were incubated for 21 *** candling on embryonic day(ED)10,238 eggs were thermally manipulated at 38.5℃ with 55%relative humidity(RH)from ED 12 to 18,then transferred to the hatcher(ED 19 to 21,standard temperature)and 236 eggs were incubated at a controlled temperature(37.5℃)till *** hatch,180-day-old chicks from both groups were raised in 36 pens(n=10 birds/pen,6 replicates per treatment).The treatments were:1)Control,2)TM,3)control heat stress(CHS),4)thermal manipulation heat stress(TMHS),5)control heat stress supplement(CHSS),and 6)thermal manipulation heat stress supplement(TMHSS).All birds were raised under the standard environment for 21 d,followed by chronic heat stress from d 22 to 35(32–33℃ for 8 h)in the CHS,TMHS,CHSS,and TMHSS groups.A thermoneutral(22–24℃)environment was maintained in the Control and TM *** was constant(50%±5%)throughout the *** the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in R and GraphPad software at P<0.05 and are presented as mean±*** stress significantly decreased(P<0.05)the final body weight and ADG in CHS and TMHS groups compared to the other *** TM significantly increased(P<0.05)the expression of heat shock protein-related genes(HSP70,HSP90,and HSPH1)and antioxidant-related genes(GPX1 and TXN).TMHS birds showed a significant increment(P<0.05)in total cecal volatile fatty acid(VFA)concentration compared to the CHS bird

关键词： Baicalein Growth performance Gut microbiota Heat stress Thermal manipulation

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利用放射性同位素产生光子源的研究

利用放射性同位素产生光子源的研究

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第十四届全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会

作者：郭航 amit lal 厦门大学萨本栋微机电研究中心

本文研究了利用放射性同位素Ni发射出来的电子来激发气体产生光子的自供能型的光子源。实验中分别将空气、氖气和氙气充进由微制造技术加工而成的腔体中,腔体上集成有放射性Ni薄膜源,并在有磁场和无磁场情况下进行光子产生的测试,来研... 详细信息

本文研究了利用放射性同位素Ni发射出来的电子来激发气体产生光子的自供能型的光子源。实验中分别将空气、氖气和氙气充进由微制造技术加工而成的腔体中,腔体上集成有放射性Ni薄膜源,并在有磁场和无磁场情况下进行光子产生的测试,来研究放射性同位素所发射电子的磁约束情况。

关键词：自供能光子放射性同位素微腔体微机电系统

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微型核电池的研究

微型核电池的研究

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第十四届全国核电子学与核探测技术学术年会

作者：郭航 amit lal James Blanchard 厦门大学萨本栋微机电研究中心 SonicMEMS Laboratory Cornell University Ithaca Department of Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison

目前国内外正在研究的各种微型能源产生技术中,利用从放射性同位素中发射出的带电粒子的动能转换成电能的微型核电池在许多领域具有应用前景。本文作者评述了以往开发的应用于微机电系统和纳米器件的微型同位素电池,包括Beta型放射性同... 详细信息

目前国内外正在研究的各种微型能源产生技术中,利用从放射性同位素中发射出的带电粒子的动能转换成电能的微型核电池在许多领域具有应用前景。本文作者评述了以往开发的应用于微机电系统和纳米器件的微型同位素电池,包括Beta型放射性同位素微型核电池与直接电流收集型同位素核电池两种类型。这两种类型的核电池都使用镍-63放射性同位素;此外,本文还给出了使用钷-147同位素作为Beta型放射性同位素微型核电池的最新结果。

关键词：微型核电池微型Beta放射性同位素电池镍-63 钷-147

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Diversity of Orchids in Terms of Their Distribution, Uses and Conservation in Annapurna Conservation Area of Nepal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 422-440页

作者： Babu lal Tiruwa Basu Dev Neupane Rabin Kadariya Chiranjibi Prasad Pokheral Bijaya Pant National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC)-Annapurna Conservation Area Project (ACAP) Pokhara Nepal Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal

The Annapurna Conservation Area (ACA), the first conservation area and the largest protected area (PA) in Nepal, is incredibly rich in biodiversity. Notwithstanding this, orchids in the ACA have not been explored enough yet thus making the need for ambitious research to be carried out. Previous study only included 81 species of orchids within ACA. This study aims to update the record of species and genera richness in the ACA. In total 198 species of orchids, belonging to 67 genera (40% and 62% of the total recorded orchid species and genera in Nepal) has been recorded in ACA. This represents an increase of 144% in species and 56% in genera over the previous data. Out of the 198 species, 99 were epiphytes, 6 were holomycotrophic and 93 were terrestrial. Among the 67 genera, Bulbophyllum (17) species were dominant, followed by Dendrobium (16), Herminium (10), Coelogyne, Plantanthera (9 each), Eria, Habenaria, Oberonia (8 each), Calanthe (7), and Liparis (6). Fifty-six species were found to be ornamentally significant and 85 species medicinally significant.

关键词： Orchids Annapurna Conservation Area Diversity Distribution Uses

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Study of Structural, Optical, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of Gd-Doped ZnO Composites Synthesized by Solid State Reaction Method

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Open Journal of Composite Materials 2024年第2期14卷 91-108页

作者： Santosh Kumar Kundara Kanhaiya Chawla Dinesh Kumar Yadav Chhagan lal Balram Tripathi Narendra Jakhar Department of Physics University of Rajasthan Jaipur India Sw. P.N.K.S. Government PG College Dausa India Government PG College Pratapgarh India S.S. Jain Subodh PG (Autonomous) College Jaipur India

In this manuscript, we are reporting structural, bonding, optical, dielectric, and electrical properties of Gd-doped ZnO composite samples (Zn1−xGdxO, x = 0, 0.05, 0.10) prepared by solid-state reaction method. XRD spectra confirm the wurtzite hexagonal phase with a grain size distribution of 42 - 47 nm. The FT-IR spectra confirm bonding behavior like Zn-O, O=C=O, and O-H stretching modes. FESEM micrographs show that the grains of crystallites possess nearly spherical morphology. Optical absorption spectra confirm that the optical band gap decreases systematically from 3.19 eV to 3.15 eV for x = 0.0 to x = 0.10 samples. For all samples, PL spectra exhibited near-band emission, blue emission, and green emission peaks. The dielectric constant decreases as the applied frequency increases. Hall effect results show that with increasing doping concentration of Gd, mobility and resistivity increase while bulk concentration decreases. Current-Voltage study shows that current increases when temperature is increased. Rare earth-doped ZnO is potential material used for optoelectronics and spintronics device applications. Properties of Gd-doped ZnO are studied by various research groups, but dielectric studies are limitedly reported. Therefore, the present research work aims to study the change of electrical, optical, and dielectric properties of Gd-doped ZnO for device applications.

关键词： ZnO:Gd Composites Optical Band Gap Green Emission Dielectric Constant

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