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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第2期19卷 143-148页

作者： Atsushi Mizokami kouji Izumi Hiroyuki konaka Yasuhide kitagawa Yoshifumi kadono kazutaka Narimoto Takahiro Nohara amit k bahl Mikio Namiki Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science 13-1 Takaramachi Kanazawa 920-8640 Japan Bristol Haematology and Oncology Centre University Hospitals Bristol Bristol BS2 8ED UK

Availability of novel hormonal therapies as well as docetaxel and cabazitaxel treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer （CRPC） has changed the outlook for this group of patients with improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival. Physicians often diagnose the progression of prostate cancer using serum prostate-specific antigen （PSA）. However, serum PSA is not always correlated with the clinical status in CRPC. To evaluate the PSA dynamics with greater precision, understanding of the control of PSA and of the mechanisms of development of CRPC is needed. Moreover, it is necessary to use new hormonal therapies with an appropriate timing to optimally improve the prognosis and the QOL of the patients. In the present review, we ascertain the PSA dynamics and the mechanisms of the development of CRPC to assist in optimal utilization of the new treatments for mCRPC.

关键词： castration-resistant prostate cancer new hormonal therapy prostate-specific antigen

REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN DIVERSE CROPLAND OF A REPRESENTATIVE INTENSIVE AGRICULTURAL AREA

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2023年第4期10卷 530-540页

作者： Peng XU Minghua ZHOU Bo ZHU klaus BUTTERBACH-bahl key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChineseAcademyof SciencesChengdu610041China Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Environmental Research(IMK-IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467Germany

Soil nitrogen mineralization(Nmin)is a key process that converts organic N into mineral N that controls soil N availability to ***,regional assessments of soil Nmin in cropland and its affecting factors are lacking,especially in relation to variation in *** this study,a 4-week incubation experiment was implemented to measure net soil Nmin rate,gross nitrification(Nit)rate and corresponding soil abiotic properties in five field soils(A-C,maize;D,flue-cured tobacco;and E,vegetables;with elevation decreasing from A to E)from different altitudes in a typical intensive agricultural area in Dali City,Yunnan Province,*** results showed that soil Nmin rate ranged from 0.10 to 0.17 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)N,with the highest value observed in field E,followed by fields D,C,B,and A,which indicated that soil Nmin and Nit rates varied between fields,decreasing with *** soil Nit rate ranged from 434.2 to 827.1μg·kg^(-1)·h^(-1)N,with the highest value determined in field D,followed by those in fields E,C,B,and *** rates of soil Nmin and Nit were positively correlated with several key soil parameters,including total soil N,dissolved organic carbon and dissolved inorganic N across all fields,which indicated that soil variables regulated soil Nmin and Nit in cropland *** addition,a strong positive relationship was observed between soil Nmin and *** findings provide a greater understanding of the response of soil Nmin among cropland fields related to spatial *** is suggested that the soil Nmin from cropland should be considered in the evaluation of the N transformations at the regional scale.

关键词： cropland gross nitrification rate regulatory factors soil nitrogen mineralization spatial variation

Optimal Eighth Order Convergent Iteration Scheme Based on Lagrange Interpolation

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2017年第4期33卷 1093-1102页

作者： Rajni SHARMA Ashu bahl Department of Applied Sciences D.A.V. Institute of Engineering and Technology Kabir Nagar Jalandhar 144008 India Research Scholar I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University Jalandhar-Kapurthala Highway Kapurthala-144601 Punjab India Department of Mathematics D.A.V. College Jalandhar 144008 India

In this paper, based on fourth order Ostrowski method, we derive an optimal eighth order iteration scheme for obtaining simple roots of nonlinear equations using Lagrange interpolation and suitable weight functions. The scheme requires three evaluations of the function and one evaluation of the first derivative per iteration. Numerical examples are included to confirm the theoretical results and to show the competitive performance of the proposed iteration scheme.

关键词： nonlinear equations Ostrowski method Lagrange interpolation order of convergence efficiencyindex

Comparing the transmission potential from sequence and surveillance data of 2009 North American influenza pandemic waves

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第1期8卷 240-252页

作者： Venkata R.Duvvuri Joseph T.Hicks Lambodhar Damodaran Martin Grunnill Thomas Braukmann Jianhong Wu Jonathan B.Gubbay Samir N.Patel Justin bahl Public Health Ontario TorontoOntarioCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Department of Mathematics and StatisticsYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada Center for the Ecology of Infectious Disease Department of Infectious DiseasesInstitute of BioinformaticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Institute of BioinformaticsUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgia Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore

Technological advancements in phylodynamic modeling coupled with the accessibility of real-time pathogen genetic data are increasingly important for understanding the infectious disease transmission *** this study,we compare the transmission potentials of North American influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 derived from sequence data to that derived from surveillance *** impact of the choice of tree-priors,informative epidemiological priors,and evolutionary parameters on the transmission potential estimation is *** American Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutinin(HA)gene sequences are analyzed using the coalescent and birth-death tree prior models to estimate the basic reproduction number(R_(0)).Epidemiological priors gathered from published literature are used to simulate the birth-death skyline ***-sampling marginal likelihood estimation is conducted to assess model fit.A bibliographic search to gather surveillancebased R_(0)values were consistently lower(mean≤1.2)when estimated by coalescent models than by the birth-death models with informative priors on the duration of infectiousness(mean≥1.3 to≤2.88 days).The user-defined informative priors for use in the birth-death model shift the directionality of epidemiological and evolutionary parameters compared to non-informative *** there was no certain impact of clock rate and tree height on the R_(0)estimation,an opposite relationship was observed between coalescent and birth-death tree *** was no significant difference(p=0.46)between the birth-death model and surveillance R0 *** study concludes that treeprior methodological differences may have a substantial impact on the transmission potential estimation as well as the evolutionary *** study also reports a consensus between the sequence-based R_(0)estimation and surveillanceased R_(0)***,these outcomes shed light on the potential role of phylodynamic modeling to augment existing surveillance

关键词： Phylodynamics Pandemic 2009 H1N1 Reproduction number Coalescent growth models Birth-death models Pathogen sequence data Public health

Temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition varies with biochar application and soil type

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Pedosphere 2020年第3期30卷 336-342页

作者： Tatiana FRITTL Luiza CANISARES Edvaldo SAGRILO klaus BUTTERBACH-bahl Michael DANNENMANN Carlos EPCERRI Soil Science Department Luiz de Queiroz College of AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicabaSão Paulo 13418-900(Brazil karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Meteorology and Climate ResearchAtmospheric Environmental Research(IMK-IFU)Garmisch-Partenkirchen 82467Germany Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation(Embrapa Meio-Norte) TeresinaPiauí70770-901Brazil

Biochar application has the potential to improve soil fertility and increase soil carbon stock, especially in tropical regions. Information on the temperature sensitivity of carbon dioxide(CO2) evolution from biochar-amended soils at very high temperatures, as observed for tropical surface soils, is limited but urgently needed for the development of region-specific biochar management targeted to optimize biochar effects on soil functions. Here, we investigated the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration to the addition of different rates of Miscanthus biochar(0, 6.25, 12.5, and 25 Mg ha-1) in two types of soils with contrasting textures. Biochar-amended soil treatments and their controls were incubated at constant temperatures of 20, 30, and 40℃. Overall, our results show that: i) considering data from all treatments and temperatures, the addition of biochar decreased soil CO2 emissions when compared to untreated soils;ii) CO2 emissions from biochar-amended soils had a higher temperature sensitivity than those from biochar-free soils;iii) the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in sandy soils was higher than that in clay soils;and iv) for clay soils, relative increases in soil CO2 emissions from biochar-amended soils were higher when the temperature increased from 30 to 40℃, while for sandy soils, the highest temperature responses of soil respiration were observed when increasing the temperature from 20 to 30℃. Together, these findings suggest a significantly reduced potential to increase soil organic carbon stocks when Miscanthus biochar is applied to tropical soils at high surface temperatures, which could be counteracted by the soil-and weather-specific timing of biochar application.

关键词： carbon dioxide clay soil greenhouse gas emission Miscanthus biochar sandy soil tropical soil

The emergence of pandemic influenza viruses

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Protein & Cell 2010年第1期1卷 9-13页

作者： Yi Guan Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna Justin bahl Huachen Zhu Jia Wang Gavin J.D.Smith State key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Pandemic influenza has posed an increasing threat to public health worldwide in the last *** the 20th century,three human pandemic influenza outbreaks occurred in 1918,1957 and 1968,causing significant mortality.A number of hypotheses have been proposed for the emergence and development of pandemic viruses,including direct introduction into humans from an avian origin and reassortment between avian and previously circulating human viruses,either directly in humans or via an intermediate mammalian ***,the evolutionary history of the pandemic viruses has been controversial,largely due to the lack of background genetic information and rigorous phylogenetic *** pandemic that emerged in early April 2009 in North America provides a unique opportunity to investigate its emergence and development both in human and animal *** genetic analyses of data accumulated through long-term influenza surveillance provided insights into the emergence of this novel pandemic *** this review,we summarise the recent literature that describes the evolutionary pathway of the pandemic *** also discuss the implications of these findings on the early detection and control of future pandemics.

关键词： pandemic influenza influenza virus pandemics control

Human activities aggravate nitrogen-deposition pollution to inland water over China

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National Science Review 2020年第2期7卷 430-440页

作者： Yang Gao Feng Zhou Philippe Ciais Chiyuan Miao Tao Yang Yanlong Jia Xudong Zhou Butterbach-bahl klaus Tiantian Yang Guirui Yu key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences State key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Peking University Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA CNRS UVSQ State key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University State key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Center for Global Change and Water Cycle Hohai University Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Environmental Research Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California

In the past three decades, China has built more than 87 000 dams with a storage capacity of ≈6560 km3and the total surface area of inland water has increased by 6672 km2. Leaching of N from fertilized soils to rivers is the main source of N pollution in China, but the exposure of a growing inland water area to direct atmospheric N deposition and N leaching caused by N deposition on the terrestrial ecosystem, together with increased N deposition and decreased N flow, also tends to raise N concentrations in most inland waters. The contribution of this previously ignored source of N deposition to freshwaters is estimated in this study, as well as mitigation strategies. The results show that the annual amounts of N depositions ranged from 4.9 to 16.6 kg · ha-1· yr-1in the 1990 s to exceeding 20 kg · ha-1· yr-1in the 2010 s over most of regions in China, so the total mass of N(the net contribution of N deposition to the increase in N concentration) for lakes, rivers and reservoirs change from 122.26 Gg N · yr-1in the 1990 s to 237.75 Gg N· yr-1in the 2010 s. It is suggested that reducing the N deposition from various sources, shortening the water-retention time in dams and decreasing the degree of regulation for rivers are three main measures for preventing a continuous increase in the N-deposition pollution to inland water in China.

关键词： N deposition N concentration dam water area human activity

latrogenic aortic pseudoaneurysm following anterior tho- racic spine surgery masquerading as chronic infection

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2013年第6期16卷 368-370页

作者： Vijay Goni A jay bahl Nirmal Raj Gopinathan Vibhu krishnan Rajesh kumar Department of Orthopaedics Postgraduate Institute ofMedical Research and Education Chandigarh India

Abstract：Late vascular complications involving aorta are rare but devastating adversities following anterior thoracic spine operations are *** current article describes our experience with one such patient who had an iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta,mimicking *** patient was treated successfully following concomitant efforts by multidisciplinary experts with *** wish to highlight upon the significance of recognizing the possible sinister consequences of a dangerously prominent spinal implant and the role of a suspicious surgeon in identifying these menacing complications at the right time。

关键词：慢性感染主动脉动脉瘤假性外科脊柱伪装并发症

A hybrid BFA-PSO algorithm for economic dispatch with valve-point effects

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Frontiers in Energy 2012年第2期6卷 155-163页

作者： T.JAYABARATHI Prateek bahl Harsha OHRI Afshin YAZDANI V. RAMESH School of Electrical Engineering V I T University Vellore 632014India

This paper presents a novel and efficient method for solving the economic dispatch （ED） problems with valve-point effects, by integrating the biased velocity of particle swarm optimization （PSO） to the chemotaxis, swarming and reproduction steps of bacterial foraging algorithm （BFA）. To include valve point effects sinusoidal terms are added to the fuel cost function. This makes the ED problems highly non-linear. In order to solve such problems the best cell （or particle） biased velocity （vector） is added to the random velocity of the BFA to reduce randomness in movement （evolution） and to increase swarming. This results in the hybrid bacterial foraging algorithm （HBFA）. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed HBFA method, numerical studies have been performed for three different sample systems. Comparison of the results obtained by the HBFA with the BFA and other evolutionary algorithms clearly show that the proposed method outperforms other methods in terms of convergence rate and solution quality in solving the ED problems with valve-point effects.

关键词： bacterial foraging algorithm (BFA) economic dispatch (ED) particle swarm optimization (PSO) valve- point effects

Groundwater recharge rates and surface runoff response to land use and land cover changes in semi-arid environments

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Ecological Processes 2016年第1期5卷 195-215页

作者： S.O.Owuor k.Butterbach-bahl A.C.Guzha M.C.Rufino D.E.Pelster E.Diaz-Pines L.Breuer Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research Atmospheric Environmental Research(IMK-IFU)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Kreuzeckbahnstr.1982467 Garmisch-PartenkirchenGermany International Livestock Research Institute(ILRI) Old Naivasha Rd.P.O.Box 30709-00100NairobiKenya United States Forest Service c/o CIFORWorld Agroforestry CentreUnited Nations Avenue GigiriP.O.Box 30677-00100NairobiKenya Center for International Forestry Research(CIFOR) C/o World Agroforestry CentreUnited Nations Avenue GigiriP.O.Box 30677-00100NairobiKenya Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management(ILR) Research Centre for BioSystemsLand Use and Nutrition(iFZ)Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 2635392 GiessenGermany Centre for International Development and Environmental Research(ZEU) Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany

The effects of land use and land cover(LULC)on groundwater recharge and surface runoff and how these are affected by LULC changes are of interest for sustainable water resources ***,there is limited quantitative evidence on how changes to LULC in semi-arid tropical and subtropical regions affect the subsurface components of the hydrologic cycle,particularly groundwater *** water resource management in these regions requires conclusive evidence and understanding of the effects of LULC changes on groundwater recharge and surface *** reviewed a total of 27 studies(2 modeling and 25 experimental),which reported on pre-and post land use change groundwater recharge or surface runoff magnitude,and thus allowed to quantify the response of groundwater recharge rates and runoff to *** between initial and subsequent LULC indicate that forests have lower groundwater recharge rates and runoff than the other investigated land uses in semi-arid tropical/subtropical *** of bare land induces a decrease in groundwater recharge from 42% of precipitation to between 6 and 12% depending on the final *** forests are cleared for rangelands,groundwater recharge increases by 7.8±12.6%,while conversion to cropland or grassland results in increases of 3.4±2.5 and 4.4±3.3%,*** of bare land to cropland results in surface runoff reductions of between 5.2 and 7.3%.The conversion of forest vegetation to managed LULC shows an increase in surface runoff from 1 to 14.1% depending on the final *** runoff was reduced from 2.5 to 1.1% when grassland is converted to forest *** there is general consistency in the results from the selected case studies,we conclude that there are few experimental studies that have been conducted in tropical and subtropical semi-arid regions,despite that many people rely heavily on groundwater for their ***,there is an urgent need to increase th

关键词： Groundwater recharge rate Infiltration Surface runoff Semi-arid Land use change Land cover change