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Additively manufactured Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 353-374页

作者： amit bandyopadhyay Indranath Mitra Sushant Ciliveri Jose D Avila William Dernell Stuart B Goodman Susmita Bose W.M.Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Medical CenterRedwood CityCA 94063United States of America

Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.

关键词： Ti6Al4V load-bearing implants additive manufacturing 3D printing antibacterial performance

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Printability disparities in heterogeneous material combinations via laser directed energy deposition:a comparative study

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第2期6卷 389-405页

作者： Jinsheng Ning Lida Zhu Shuhao Wang Zhichao Yang Peihua Xu Pengsheng Xue Hao Lu Miao Yu Yunhang Zhao Jiachen Li Susmita Bose amit bandyopadhyay School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819People’s Republic of China School of Machinery and Automation Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054People’s Republic of China Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology Beijing 100076People’s Republic of China W.M.Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America

Additive manufacturing provides achievability for the fabrication of bimetallic and multi-material structures;however,the material compatibility and bondability directly affect the parts’formability and final *** is essential to understand the underlying printability of different material combinations based on an adapted ***,the printability disparities of two common and attractive material combinations(nickel-and iron-based alloys)are evaluated at the macro and micro levels via laser directed energy deposition(DED).The deposition processes were captured using in situ high-speed imaging,and the dissimilarities in melt pool features and track morphology were quantitatively investigated within specific process ***,the microstructure diversity of the tracks and blocks processed with varied material pairs was comparatively elaborated and,complemented with the informative multi-physics modeling,the presented non-uniformity in mechanical properties(microhardness)among the heterogeneous material pairs was *** differences in melt flow induced by the unlike thermophysical properties of the material pairs and the resulting element intermixing and localized re-alloying during solidification dominate the presented dissimilarity in printability among the material *** work provides an in-depth understanding of the phenomenological differences in the deposition of dissimilar materials and aims to guide more reliable DED forming of bimetallic parts.

关键词： directed energy deposition printability microstructure microhardness bimetallic parts

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Functionally graded structure of a nitride-strengthened Mg_(2)Si-based hybrid composite

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1239-1256页

作者： Jeongho Yang Woongbeom Heogh Hogi Ju Sukhyun Kang Tae-Sik Jang Hyun-Do Jung Mohammad Jahazi Seung Chul Han Seong Je Park Hyoung Seop Kim Susmita Bose amit bandyopadhyay Martin Byung-Guk Jun Young Won Kim Dae-kyeom Kim Rigoberto CAdvincula Clodualdo Aranas Jr Sang Hoon Kim School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Process Research 3 Team LG Display Co.Ltd.PajuGyeonggi-do 10845Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Institute of Well-Aging Medicare&Chosun University LAMP Center Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering École de Technologie SupérieureMontrealQuebec H3C 1K3Canada Material&Component Convergence R&D Center Korea Construction Equipment Technology InstituteGunsanJeollabuk-do 54002Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Graduate Institute of Ferrous&Eco Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangGyeongsangbuk-do 37673Republic of Korea Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164USA School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA Research Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyIncheon 21999Republic of Korea Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio 44106USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee 37996USA Center for Nanophase Materials and Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37830USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 5A3Cana

The ex-situ incorporation of the secondary SiC reinforcement,along with the in-situ incorporation of the tertiary and quaternary Mg_(3)N_(2) and Si_(3)N_(4) phases,in the primary matrix of Mg_(2)Si is employed in order to provide ultimate wear resistance based on the laser-irradiation-induced inclusion of N_(2) gas during laser powder bed *** is substantialized based on both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reactionbased metallurgy of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid *** study also proposes a functional platform for systematically modulating a functionally graded structure and modeling build-direction-dependent architectonics during additive *** strategy enables the development of a compositional gradient from the center to the edge of each melt pool of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid ***,the coefficient of friction of the hybrid composite exhibits a 309.3%decrease to–1.67 compared to–0.54 for the conventional nonreinforced Mg_(2)Si structure,while the tensile strength exhibits a 171.3%increase to 831.5 MPa compared to 485.3 MPa for the conventional *** outstanding mechanical behavior is due to the(1)the complementary and synergistic reinforcement effects of the SiC and nitride compounds,each of which possesses an intrinsically high hardness,and(2)the strong adhesion of these compounds to the Mg_(2)Si matrix despite their small sizes and low concentrations.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Mg_(2)Si-SiC/nitride hybrid composite Both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reaction-based metallurgy Functionally graded structure Compositional gradient Wear resistance.

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Vitamin C and E supplementation and high intensity interval training induced changes in lipid profile and haematological variables of young males

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第2期5卷 137-145页

作者： Surojit Sarkar Swapan Kr Dey Gouriprosad Datta amit bandyopadhyay Department of Physiology Rammohan College1021Raja Ram Mohan SaraniBaithakkhanaKolkata700009West BengalIndia Department of Sports Science University of CalcuttaUniversity Colleges of Science and Technology92A.P.C.RoadKolkata700009West BengalIndia Sports and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Department of PhysiologyUniversity of CalcuttaUniversity Colleges of Science and Technology92A.P.C.RoadKolkata700009West BengalIndia

High intensity interval training(HIIT)causes oxidative stress and haematological *** study was aimed to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks’supplementation of vitamin C and E on HIIT induced changes in lipid profile parameters and haematological *** six male adolescent players were randomly assigned into five age-matched groups,i.e.,Control(no exercise+placebo),HIIT(placebo),HIIT+vitamin-C(1000mg/day),HIIT+vitamin-E 400 IU/day)and combined HIIT+vitamin C and *** and evening sessions(90min)of HIIT included 4 phases(15min each)with 3 sets(4min each).Each 4min HIIT set consisted of 2min intense sprint workout(90%–95%of heart rate maximum[HRmax])followed by 1min active recovery(60%–70%HRmax)followed by 1min of complete rest(1:1 work-rest ratio).Lipid profile parameters,haematological variables,endurance capacity and vertical jump were evaluated by standard *** decrease in body weight,fat%,total cholesterol,triglyceride,Total Cholesterol/High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and significant increase in High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol,maximal oxygen consumption,vertical jump were observed for all four intervention *** blood cell count,red blood cell count,haemoglobin percentage and haematocrit values were significantly decreased while platelet count and platelet-to-leukocyte ratio(PLR)ratio were increased significantly only for HIIT *** level of tocopherol and ascorbic acid was significantly increased(values were within the normal range)in all the respective vitamin supplemented *** of vitamin C and E secures health protection with suppressed haemolysis and improved inflammatory blood variables with enhanced explosive leg strength and lipid profile parameters without any concomitant change in endurance capacity.

关键词： Sprint interval training Lipid profile Haematological indices Haemolysis Athletes

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Porous metal implants: processing,properties, and challenges

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2023年第3期5卷 441-483页

作者： amit bandyopadhyay Indranath Mitra Jose D Avila Mahadev Upadhyayula Susmita Bose W.M.Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America

Porous and functionally graded materials have seen extensive applications in modern biomedical devices—allowing for improved site-specific performance;their appreciable mechanical,corrosive,and biocompatible properties are highly sought after for lightweight and high-strength load-bearing orthopedic and dental *** of such porous materials are metals,ceramics,and ***,easy to manufacture and lightweight,porous polymers do not inherently exhibit the required mechanical strength for hard tissue repair or ***,porous ceramics are brittle and do not possess the required fatigue *** the other hand,porous biocompatible metals have shown tailorable strength,fatigue resistance,and ***,a significant interest in investigating the manufacturing challenges of porous metals has taken place in recent *** research has shown that once the advantages of porous metallic structures in the orthopedic implant industry have been realized,their biological and biomechanical compatibility—with the host bone—has been followed up with extensive methodical *** manufacturing methods for porous or functionally graded metals are discussed and compared in this review,specifically,how the manufacturing process influences microstructure,graded composition,porosity,biocompatibility,and mechanical *** of the studies discussed in this review are related to porous structures for bone implant applications;however,the understanding of these investigations may also be extended to other devices beyond the biomedical field.

关键词： porous metals load-bearing implants 3d printing additive manufacturing mechanical properties biological properties

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Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 57-73页

作者： amit Kumar Singh Krishna Pramanik amit Biswas Centre of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Department of Biotechnology and Medical EngineeringNational Institute of TechnologyRourkela 769008India

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering *** present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue *** experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and *** resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)*** studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural *** scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue *** tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of *** enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue *** vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold *** addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its pote

关键词： Scaffold Biomaterial Sodium alginate Chitosan Gelatin 3D printing Tissue engineering

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Quantification of grain boundary effects on the geometrically necessary dislocation density evolution and strain hardening of polycrystalline Mg-4Al using in situ tensile testing in scanning electron microscope and HR-EBSD

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第5期12卷 1815-1829页

作者： Eunji Song Mohsen Taheri Andani amit Misra Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

In situ tensile testing in a scanning electron microscope(SEM)in conjunction with high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction(HR-EBSD)under load was used to characterize the evolution of geometrically necessary dislocation(GND)densities at individual grain boundaries as a function of applied strain in a polycrystalline Mg-4Al *** increase in GND density was investigated at plastic strains of 0%,0.6%,2.2%,3.3% from the area including 76 grains and correlated with(i)geometric compatibility between slip systems across grain boundaries,and(ii)plastic *** develop expressions for the grain boundary GND density evolution as a function of plastic strain and plastic incompatibility,from which uniaxial tensile stress-strain response of polycrystalline Mg-4Al are computed and compared with experimental *** findings in this study contribute to understanding the mechanisms governing the strain hardening response of single-phase polycrystalline alloys and more reliable prediction of mechanical behaviors in diverse microstructures.

关键词： Mg-Al alloys Grain boundaries Geometrically necessary dislocations Strain gradient plasticity HR-EBSD

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Unveiling childhood asthma:Exploring biomarkers,zinc,and beyond

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2024年第2期13卷 7-10页

作者： amit Agrawal Department of Pediatrics Gandhi Medical CollegeHamidia Hospital CampusBhopal 462022India

This editorial discusses a case-control study by Ibrahim et al,published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical *** bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory *** was found that an increase in oxidative stress leads to a decrease in antioxidants causing oxidative damage to mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes resulting in the inflammation of the airway,hypersecretion of mucus causing a cascade of clinical manifestations ranging from recurrent episodes of coughing,wheezing,and breathlessness to shortness of *** oxidative stress mediates the inflammatory response in asthma,the supplementation of anti-oxidants can be one strategy to manage this *** is one such antioxidant that has attracted much attention about asthma and airway *** is a crucial trace element for human metabolism that helps to regulate gene expression,enzyme activity,and protein *** from zinc,free serum ferritin levels are also elevated in case of *** previous studies found that ferritin levels may also help determine the pathology of disease and predict prognosis in addition to tracking disease ***,this study's results were different from the findings of the previous studies and the zinc levels did not show a significant difference between asthmatic children and non-asthmatic children but ferritin levels were significantly high in asthmatic children as compared to the ***,the possible role of the biochemical nutritional assessment including zinc and ferritin as biomarkers for asthma severity should be assessed in the future.

关键词： Asthma Biomarker Children Zinc Ferritin Immunoglobulin E

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Evaluation of slope stability through rock mass classification and kinematic analysis of some major slopes along NH-1A from Ramban to Banihal, North Western Himalayas

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 167-182页

作者： amit Jaiswal A.K.Verma T.N.Singh Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Indian Institute of Technology PatnaPatna801106India

The network of Himalayan roadways and highways connects some remote regions of valleys or hill slopes,which is vital for India’s socio-economic *** to natural and artificial factors,frequency of slope instabilities along the networks has been increasing over last few *** of stability of natural and artificial slopes due to construction of these connecting road networks is significant in safely executing these roads throughout the *** rock mass classification methods are generally used to assess the strength and deformability of rock *** study assesses slope stability along the NH-1A of Ramban district of North Western *** structurally and non-structurally controlled rock mass classification systems have been applied to assess the stability conditions of 14 *** evaluating the stability of these slopes,kinematic analysis was performed along with geological strength index(GSI),rock mass rating(RMR),continuous slope mass rating(CoSMR),slope mass rating(SMR),and Q-slope in the present *** SMR gives three slopes as completely unstable while CoSMR suggests four slopes as completely *** stability of all slopes was also analyzed using a design chart under dynamic and static conditions by slope stability rating(SSR)for the factor of safety(FoS)of 1.2 and 1 respectively.Q-slope with probability of failure(PoF)1%gives two slopes as stable *** slope angle has been determined based on the Q-slope safe angle equation and SSR design chart based on the *** value ranges given by different empirical classifications were RMR(37-74),GSI(27.3-58.5),SMR(11-59),and CoSMR(3.39-74.56).Good relationship was found among RMR&SSR and RMR&GSI with correlation coefficient(R 2)value of 0.815 and 0.6866,***,a comparative stability of all these slopes based on the above classification has been performed to identify the most critical slope along this road.

关键词： Rock mass classification Kinematic analysis Slope stability Himalayan road Static and dynamic conditions

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An Autopsy and Histopathology-based Study to Ascertain the Cause of Death of Brought Dead Cases

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 28-33页

作者： Chandan bandyopadhyay Prabir Chandra Paul Prabhas Chandra Chakraborty Department of Forensic and State Medicine Medical CollegeKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of Pathology Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Science and HospitalKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology NRS Medical College and HospitalKolkataand M.G.M Medical College and L S.K HospitalKishanganjBiharIndia

Background and Objectives:The cases of apparent natural deaths are encountered in the hospital casualties who are noted dead at the time of the first medical attention and as such are labeled as“Brought Dead.”These include the cases of sudden death,unexplained death,and unattended *** cause of such deaths is reported in the literature to emanate principally from the cardiovascular system,though there are some documented geographical,racial,and other *** the present study,we endeavored to detect the cause of such natural deaths in terms of the disease and the organ system involved,in the deceased individuals of the contemporary Bengali population,with cases due to obvious unnatural causes being *** and Methods:An observational,cross-sectional study with 105(n=105,male:89,female:16)study subjects of age group of 20-80 years,selected by systemic random sampling,from the brought dead subjects coming to the mortuary of the NRS Medical College and Hospital for medicolegal autopsy from April 2011 to March 2012,excluding cases having a history of the obvious unnatural *** system-wise gross examination was done,followed by tissue sampling for histopathological *** case-wise findings were tabulated and analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS ***:In the present study,89 cases were male(84.8%)and 16 cases were female(15.2%),which reflects a male:female ratio of 5.56:*** dead bodies are mostly recovered from the footpaths(47 cases,44%).Sixty-four(61%)cases are of known *** 54 cases out of 105(51.4%),morbid pathology is detected in the respiratory system(RS),lobar pneumonia,and cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis being the most frequent disease entity,in both ***-one years-sixty-five years is found to be the most commonly affected age group,in both *** and Conclusions:The present study shows that the most common organ system involved in brought dead cases is the RS,which is s

关键词： Autopsy brought dead cause of death histopathology

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