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Adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer:Is it needed?

World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2015年第6期6卷 225-236页

作者： Kristijonas Milinis Michael Thornton amir montazeri Paul S Rooney Faculty of Medicine University of Liverpool Department of Colorectal Surgery the Royal Liverpool University Hospital Department of Oncology the Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust

Adjuvant chemotherapy has become a standard treatment of advanced rectal cancer in the West. The benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery alone have been well established. However,controversy surrounds the use adjuvant chemotherapy in patients who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy,despite it being recommended by a number of international guidelines. Results of recent multicentre randomised control trials showed no benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in terms of survival and rates of distant metastases. However,concerns exist regarding the quality of the studies including inadequate staging modalities,out-dated chemotherapeutic regimens and surgical approaches and small sample sizes. It has become evident that not all the patients respond to adjuvant chemotherapy and more personalised approach should be employed when considering the benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy. The present review discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the current evidence-base and suggests improvements for future studies.

关键词： Rectal cancer Adjuvant chemotherapy

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Study Pressure Fields Affecting Cyclone Rainfall: Case Study of Iran

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2015年第2期5卷 129-136页

作者： Iran Salehvand Majid montazeri amir Gandomkar Mahdi Moemeni Hoshmand Ataei Najafabad Branch Islamic Azad University Isfahan Iran Uiniversity of Isfahan Isfahan Iran Department of Geography Najafabad Branch Islamic Azad University Isfahan Iran Department of Geography Payam Noor Uiniversity of Tehran Esfhan Iran

The aim of this study is the synoptic analysis of the atmospheric conditions concurrent with the heavy precipitations of Lorestan, Fars and Hormozgan provinces and determination of the temporal and spatial distribution of them. Requested atmospheric data for this research was taken from databases related to the National Organization of Atmosphere and Oceanology of United States. More maps of the site were taken. Then the earth surface, 500,700 and 850 Hecto Pascal maps, orbital and meridional winds, earth temperature of earth surface and top of the atmosphere were prepared in Grads software and some of maps were drawn in GIS software. The following results were obtained: On the earth surface map, the main controller role is with the Siberian high-pressure, the Azores’s dynamic high-pressure and integrated mode of the Sudan and the Mediterranean low-pressure systems. The main controller role in high levels is with the high altitude center of Azores in the back of the system, the high altitude center of Arabia in the front of the system and deep traffic of North Africa. Another important factor is the moisture mixture of Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Oman Sea and Indian Ocean. Air rise factor with enhancing meridional winds that causes subsidence of cold air, rising warm air and strengthening the polar front is one of the heavy rainfall conditions too. Eastern winds cause entering of moisture from the Indian Ocean and western winds cause strengthening of cyclones and heavy rainfall in the region.

关键词： Isobaric Levels Heavy Rainfall Southern Provinces Synoptic Analysis

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