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Health status and health systems financing in the MENA region:roadmap to universal health coverage

Global Health Research and Policy 2017年第1期2卷 94-106页

作者： Eyob Zere Asbu Maysoun Dimachkie Masri amer kaissi Health System Financing Division Health Authority Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates Department of Healthcare Administration Trinity UniversitySan AntonioTXUSA

Background:Since the declaration of the Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)in 1990,many countries of the Middle East and North Africa(MENA)region made some improvements in maternal and child health and in tackling communicable *** transition to the global agenda of Sustainable Development Goals brings new opportunities for countries to move forward toward achieving progress for better health,well-being,and universal health *** study provides a profile of health status and health financing approaches in the MENA region and their implications on universal health ***:Time-series data on socioeconomics,health expenditures,and health outcomes were extracted from databases and reports of the World Health Organization,the World Bank and the United Nations Development Program and analyzed using Stata 12 statistical *** were grouped according to the World Bank income *** statistics,tables and charts were used to analyze temporal changes and compare the key variables with global ***:Non-communicable diseases(NCDs)and injuries account for more than three quarters of the disabilityadjusted life years in all but two lower middle-income countries(Sudan and Yemen).Prevalence of risk factors(raised blood glucose,raised blood pressure,obesity and smoking)is higher than global averages and counterparts by income *** health expenditure(THE)per capita in most of the countries falls short of global averages for countries under similar income ***,growth rate of THE per capita has not kept pace with the growth rate of GDP per ***-of-pocket spending(OOPS)in all but the high-income countries in the group exceeds the threshold for catastrophic spending implying that there is a high risk of households getting poorer as a result of paying for health ***:The alarmingly high prevalence of NCDs and injuries and associated risk factors,health spending falling short of the GDP a

关键词： Millennium development Goals(MDGs) Sustainable development Goals(SDGs) Universal health coverage(UHC) Middle East and North Africa(MENA) Health system financing Out-of-pocket spending(OOPS) Health status

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Tuberculous Meningitis and COVID-19 Co-Infection: About a Case

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2021年第2期11卷 52-58页

作者： Ayoub Maaroufi Abdellatif Diai Nouredine Jebbar Lotfi Bibiche kaissi Jaber Nabil Jbili Hicham Kechna Jaouad Laoutid CHU Hassan II Fes Morocco

We report the case of an adult patient diagnosed with acute SARS-CoV-2-associated meningoencephalitis based on the detection of its RNA on a nasopharyngeal swab, cerebrospinal fluid analysis. The most destructive type of extrapulmonary tuberculosis is tuberculous meningitis, in which the consequences are severe, resulting in death or disability in almost half of all sufferers despite anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and paraclinical features and laboratory findings and outcome of a patient with tuberculous meningitis and COVID-19 coinfection. Infection of COVID-19 and lymphopenia promotes the development of the severe form of tuberculosis. On the other hand, TBM increased the risk of infection with coronavirus due to the weakened immune system in addition to other immunosuppressive factors (older age and comorbidities such as low socioeconomic status and malnutrition). The patient had a good recovery even if he required intensive neurorehabilitation for a month due to poor feeding and weakness. Treatment, both anti-mycobacterial and anti-inflammatory, early started, guaranteed good recovery.

关键词： Tuberculous Meningitis Meningoencephalitis COVID-19 Critical Care

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SARS-COV-2 Infection and Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity: Temporal Association or Real Protective Role?

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第4期12卷 656-667页

作者： Sanaa Hammi Myriem Bourkia Adil Najdi Rajae Chahboune Karima Rissoul Jamal Eddine Bourkadi Jouda Benamor Fatema El Bouzouiki Soumiya El Bachiri Mohammed Moumkin Rachid Ismaili Nadira Mourabait Ouafae kaissi Asmae Zerrouki Adil Grourinda Fadila Bousgheiri Hassana Belafki Mhamed Harif Mohamed Ahalat Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier FMPT Abd Elmalek Essadi University (AEU) Tangier Morocco Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat Mouhamed V University Rabat Morocco Faculty of Science and Technology of Al Hoceima Abd Elmalek Essadi University (AEU) Tangier Morocco Faculty of Science and Technology of Tangier Abd Elmalek Essadi University (AEU) Tangier Morocco

Introduction: According to the literature consulted to date, there is epidemiological heterogeneity of Covid-19 between countries depending on their vaccination policy, in particular BCG vaccination. These findings have led to several hypotheses, including the protective role of immunity induced by the BCG tuberculosis vaccine against Covid-19 infection. The immunity induced by the BCG vaccine significantly increases the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular IL-1B, which has been shown to play an essential role in antiviral immunity. This cross-immunity, although not specific, if highlighted, is a real providence that must be taken advantage of in the face of this pandemic. The main objective of this study is to rule out or confirm that anti-tuberculosis immunity protects against SARS-COV-2 in our context. Material and Methods: Two groups will be compared: cases infected with the virus and controls who have never been infected with the virus. Both case and control groups will undergo a tuberculin skin test: the intra dermal tuberculin reaction (IDR). Results: We found that our control group had a high IDR immunity value, with an IDR tuberculin positive percentage of 67.2%. This suggests that immunity to IDR is a protective factor against coronavirus disease. Conclusion: The hypothesis of nonspecific anti-tuberculosis protection deserves further verification studies;it would have large positive repercussions for developing countries.

关键词： BCG Nonspecific Anti-Tuberculosis Immunity Covid-19

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