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The great catastrophe: causes of the Permo-Triassic marine mass extinction

national Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 37-50页

作者： Paul B.Wignall David P.g.Bond School of Earth & Environment University of Leeds School of Environmental Sciences University of Hull

The marine losses during the Permo-Triassic mass extinction were the worst ever experienced. All groups were badly affected, especially amongst the benthos(e.g. brachiopods, corals, bryozoans, foraminifers,ostracods). Planktonic populations underwent a fundamental change with eukaryotic algae being replaced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria, green-sulphur bacteria, sulphate-reducing bacteria and prasinophytes. Detailed studies of boundary sections, especially those in South China, have resolved the crisis to a ～55 kyr interval straddling the Permo-Triassic boundary. Many of the losses occur at the beginning and end of this interval painting a picture of a two-phase extinction. Improved knowledge of the extinction has been supported by numerous geochemical studies that allow diverse proposed extinction mechanisms to be studied. A transition from oxygenated to anoxic-euxinic conditions is seen in most sections globally, although the intensity and timing shows regional variability. Decreased ocean ventilation coincides with rapidly rising temperatures and many extinction scenarios attribute the losses to both anoxia and high *** kill mechanisms include ocean acidification for which there is conflicting support from geochemical proxies and, even less likely, siltation(burial under a massive influx of terrigenous sediment) which lacks substantive sedimentological evidence. The ultimate driver of the catastrophic changes at the end of the Permian was likely Siberian Trap eruptions and their associated carbon dioxide emissions with consequences such as warming, ocean stagnation and acidification. Volcanic winter episodes stemming from Siberian volcanism have also been linked to the crisis, but the short-term nature of these episodes(nd the overwhelming evidence for rapid warming during the crisis makes this an unlikely cause. Finally, whilst the extinction is well studied in equatorial latitudes, a different history is found in northern Boreal latitudes

关键词： ocean anoxia ocean acidification siltation productivity collapse volcanic winter

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neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment-when a company becomes a crowd

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第4期21卷 313-314页

作者： Zvi g.Fridlender Zvi granot Faculty of Medicine Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael Institute of Pulmonary Medicine Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center91120 JerusalemIsrael Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research Institute for Medical Research Israel CanadaFaculty of MedicineHebrew University91120 JerusalemIsrael

Traditionally,neutrophils are perceived as terminally differentiated cells with defined functions and limited *** is commonly believed that circulating,marginating and tissue-infiltrating neutrophils belong to the same homogeneous population and are capable of switching between these *** research has stagnated since the early 1980s,maintaining a narrow and simplistic view of their capabilities.

关键词： narrow infiltrating differentiated

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Comprehensive analysis of uncertainty quantification for the^(58)ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第9期48卷 170-175页

作者： Mahesh Choudhary Aman Sharma namrata Singh Mahima Upadhyay Punit Dubey A.gandhi Akash Hingu g Mishra Sukanya De L.S.Danu Ajay Kumar R.g.Thomas Saurav Sood Sajin Prasad S.Mukherjee I.n.Ruskov Yu.n.Kopatch A.Kumar Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Horia Hulubei national Institute of Physics and nuclear Engineering-IFIn-HH Bucharest 077125Romania Department of Physics The Maharaja Sayajirao University of BarodaVadodara 390002India nuclear Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Health Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Department of Electrical Power Engineering Brno University of TechnologyBrno 61600Czech Republic Institute for nuclear Research and nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofia 1784Bulgaria Joint Institute for nuclear Research(JInR) Dubna 141980Russia

In this study,we measured the^(58)ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section with neutron energies of 1.06,1.86,and 2.85 *** cross section was measured using neutron activation techniques andγ-ray spectroscopy,and it was compared with cross section data available in the ***,we calculated the covariance matrix of the measured cross section for the aforementioned nuclear *** uncertainties of the theoretical calculation for^(58)ni(n,p)^(58)Co reaction cross section were calculated via Monte Carlo *** this study,we used uncertainties in the optical model and level density parameters to calculate uncertainties in the theoretical cross *** theoretical calculations were performed by using *** this study,we aim to analyze the effect of uncertainties of the nuclear model input as well as different experimental variables used to obtain the values of reaction cross section.

关键词： ^(58)ni(n p)^(58)Co reaction γ-ray spectroscopy uncertainty quantification of cross section covariance analysis

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Transmission of amyloid-βpathology in humans:a perspective on clinical evidence

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 390-392页

作者： Celso S.g.Catumbela Rodrigo Morales Department of neurology McGovern Medical SchoolThe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA Centro Integrativo de Biologia y Quimica Aplicada(CIBQA) Universidad Bernardo O’HigginsSantiagoChile

Transmission of misfolded amyloid-β(Aβ)aggregates between human subjects:Protein misfolding disorders are a family of diseases characterized by the accumulation of misfolded protein *** proteinaceous structures,also known as amyloids,are key drivers of fatal neurodegenerative disorders such as prion diseases,Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease,and others.

关键词： amyloid diseases Aβ

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Features of sampling stream sediments of large river valleys under cryolithogenesis conditions in the Balygychan-Sugoy trough,north-East of Russia

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Acta geochimica 2024年第4期43卷 638-660页

作者： Artem S.Makshakov Raisa g.Kravtsova A.P.Vinogradov Institute of geochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesFavorskiy Str 1AIrkutskRussia 664033

Comprehensive research has been implemented to raise the efficiency of the geochemical survey of stream sediments(SSs)that formed under the cryolithogenesis *** authors analysed the composition,structure and specific features of the formation of exogenous anomalous geochemical fields(AgFs)identified through SSs of large river valleys of IV *** our case,these were the valleys of Maly Ken,Ken and Tap *** rivers are located in the central and southern parts of the Balygychan-Sugoy trough enclosed in the Magadan region,north-East of *** authors proposed a new technique to sample loose alluvium of SSs in the large river valleys along the *** profiles were located across the *** AgFs of Au,Ag,Pb,Zn,Sn,Bi,Mo and W were *** between elements have been *** elements are the main indicator elements of Au-Ag,Ag-Pb,Sn-Ag,Mo-W and Sn-W mineralization occurring on the sites under *** results obtained were compared with the results of geochemical surveys of *** is concluded that the AgFs recognized along the profiles reflect the composition and structure of eroded and drained ore zones,uncover completely and precisely the pattern of element distribution in loose sediments of large water *** alluvium fractiongnificant in a practical sense,as it concentrated numerous ore *** of this fraction in the river valleys of IV order does not cause any difficulty,for this kind of material is *** developed technique of alluvium sampling within large river valleys is efficient in searching for diverse mineralization at all stages of prognostic *** is applicable for geochemical survey of SSs performed at different scales both in the north-East of Russia,as well as other regions with similar climatic conditions,where the SSs are formed under the cryolithogenesis conditions.

关键词： Stream sediments Large river valleys geochemical fields Mineralization Indicator elements geochemical survey

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Malargüe Site Remediation:A Successful Solution for Uranium Mill Tailings

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原子能科学技术 2024年第10期58卷 2088-2094页

作者： BARARI E DíAZ J g gIOMIA KEMPF R A national Atomic Energy Commission Av.Del Libertador 8250Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1429BNPArgentina

Comisión nacional de Energía Atómica (CnEA) has the responsibility for restoring uranium mining facilities once the operations have ***,within its Environmental Program and in compliance with its legal responsibilities,decides to implement a restoration project for all sites related to the mining and processing of uranium *** Malargüe Site is located within the Province of Mendoza in the city of Malargü*** is the first site to successfully complete its *** activities consist of relocation of tailings to an engineering *** tailings management(encapsulation) and rehabilitation of the area was finished in June *** remediation alternative for the ore tailings was selected after conducting comparative studies and submitted the project to the society for *** objective of the encapsulation of the mineral tails is to isolate them from the environment,also proceeding with the decontamination and rehabilitation of the area (landscaping,post-closure monitoring and 20 years monitoring period).Encapsulation consisted of the construction of a containment cell for the mine tailings,to isolate them and prevent pollutants from entering the environment through the transfer *** clean the impacted areas,the soil was removed,it was incorporated into the encapsulation,and the filling was carried out with natural soils from the *** prevents radon transfer to the environment,as ^(222)Ra is an alpha emitter with a half-life of four days,which produces its own radioactive *** progeny are solids,and when a ^(222)Ra nucleus emits an alpha particle into the air,the resulting ^(218)Po nucleus,momentarily electrically charged,adheres to any dust *** prevents the discharge into the air containing radon and also containing dust particles charged with intensely radioactive radon *** tasks mentioned make it possible to decrease radon emanation,reduce radiological risks to the public and pre

关键词： remediation radionuclide transfer tailings encapsulation solution sustainable

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Resident immune responses to spinal cord injury:role of astrocytes and microglia

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neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1678-1685页

作者： Sydney Brockie Cindy Zhou Michael g.Fehlings Division of genetics and Development Krembil Research InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Division of neurosurgery and Spine Program Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada

Spinal cord injury can be traumatic or non-traumatic in origin,with the latter rising in incidence and prevalence with the aging demographics of our *** r,as the global population ages,individuals with co-existent degenerative spinal pathology comprise a growing number of traumatic spinal cord injury cases,especially involving the cervical spinal *** makes recovery and treatment approaches particula rly challenging as age and comorbidities may limit regenerative *** these reasons,it is critical to better understand the complex milieu of spinal cord injury lesion pathobiology and the ensuing inflammatory *** review discusses microglia-specific purinergic and cytokine signaling pathways,as well as microglial modulation of synaptic stability and plasticity after ***,we evaluate the role of astrocytes in neurotransmission and calcium signaling,as well as their border-forming response to neural *** the inflammatory and reparative roles of these cells have eluded our complete understanding and remain key therapeutic targets due to their extensive structural and functional roles in the nervous *** advances have shed light on the roles of glia in neurotransmission and reparative injury responses that will change how interventions are *** key processes and existing knowledge gaps will allow future research to effectively target these cells and harness their regenerative potential.

关键词： astrocytes glial signaling microglia spinal cord injury synaptic transmission

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Coupled Inversion of Pressure and Tiltmeter Data for Mapping Hydraulic Fracture geometry

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2024年第3期37卷 396-405页

作者： Zuorong Chen Xiaofang Jiang Zhejun Pan Robert g.Jeffrey national Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318China SCT Operation Pty.Ltd. PO Box 824WollongongNSW2520Australia

Pressure and tilt data are jointly inverted to simultaneously map the orientation and dimensions of a hydraulic *** deformation induced by a fracture under internal pressure is modeled using the distributed dislocation *** planar fracture is represented by four quarter ellipses,joined at the center and sharing *** configuration provides a straightforward model for characterizing asymmetric fracture *** inverse problem of mapping the fracture geometry is formulated using the Bayesian probabilistic method,combining the a priori information on the fracture model with updated information from pressure and tilt *** the nonlinear inverse problem is achieved by pseudo-randomly sampling the posterior probability distribution through the Markov chain Monte Carlo *** resulting posterior probability distribution is then explored to assess uncertainty,resolution,and correlation between model *** experiments are conducted to verify the accuracy and validity of the proposed analysis method in mapping the fracture geometry using synthetic pressure and tilt data.

关键词： Hydraulic fracture mapping Coupled inversion Tilt Treating pressure

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Proton-neutron symplectic model description of ^(106)Cd

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第3期48卷 169-179页

作者： H.g.ganev Joint Institute for nuclear Research DubnaRussia Institute of Mechanics Bulgarian Academy of SciencesSofiaBulgaria

In this study,a microscopic shell-model description of the low-lying collective states in the weakly deformed nucleus ^(106)Cd within the recently proposed microscopic version of the Bohr-Mottelson model is provided.A good description of the excitation energies of the lowest ground,γ,andβquasibands is obtained without the adjustable kinetic energy ***,γdegrees of freedom are shown to play a crucial role in the description of spectroscopy of this nucleus.A modified SU(3)SU(3)preserving high-order interaction is used to produce aγ-unstable type of odd-even staggering,observed experimentally between the states of the quasi-γ*** current approach enables the characterization of observed intraband and interband quadrupole *** findings of this study propose an alternative interpretation of the fundamental question regarding the nature of low-energy vibrations,as well as the emergence of deformation and collectivity in weakly deformed atomic nuclei.

关键词： shell-model version of the Bohr-Mottelson model proton-neutron symplectic model Sp(12,R)dynamical algebra quadrupole dynamics

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Assessment of CO_(2)storage prospect based on physical properties of Rio Bonito Formation rock units

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Energy geoscience 2024年第1期5卷 321-330页

作者： Richardson M.Abraham-A Stephanie San Martín Cañas Isabella F.S.Miranda Colombo C.g.Tassinari Institute of Energy and Environment(IEE) University of São Paulo(USP)Brazil Research Centre for greenhouse gas Innovation(RCgI) University of Sãao Paulo(USP)Brazil

The physical properties of the rock units associated with the Rio Bonito Formation are presented in this study with the focus on modelling reservoir quality based on petrophysics-derived parameters to evaluate CO_(2)storage *** involves the modelling of the reservoir depths,thicknesses,flow zone indicators(FZI),and effective permeability(Keff)and presenting the CO_(2)storage efficiency factors peculiar to the rock units of the study *** results presented by this study for the stated objectives are not quite common in the *** values range from 200 mD to higher than 2000 mD,and FZI values are generally above 1.0 mm and up to 13.0 mm within the portions covered by the drilled *** sandstone units recorded are up to 20 m thick in some *** Keff and FZI models indicate the sandstone reservoirs as permeable units to support the injection and circulation of CO_(2)within the potential reservoir units of the Rio Bonio Formation across São Paulo *** from some points in the southeastern part of the study location,where the Rio Bonito are delineated at depths less than 800 m(minimum CO_(2)storage depth based on best practices),other portions are deeper,ranging from 950 m to 3500 ***-bedded layers will affect the integrity of the rocks as CO_(2)storage tanks or reservoir seals/traps/overburden within the *** bed thicknesses are up to 20 m in some ***,hybrid CO_(2)reservoir units are feasible,especially in portions where thin siltstone layers are sandwiched between sandstone units to provide considerable thicknesses based on CO_(2)storage *** current study shows that useable areas considering reservoir thickness,depth,and other physical qualities will significantly control the CO_(2)storage efficiency of the study *** studies featuring a detailed geophysical exploration of the site to confirm the availability and saturations of preexisting fluid(hydrocarbon and water)are encouraged

关键词： Rio Bonito Effective permeability Fluid transmissibility CO_(2)storage prospect Reservoir quality Overburden integrity Flow zones

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