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Safety, Tolerability and Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity of “Diarra”, a Preparation of Medicinal Plants Used in Ivorian Traditional Medicine

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第10期14卷 428-440页

作者： Kouakou Etienne Effo Yacouba Adebo Adehouni Gbongué Eric Tia amenan Geneviève Irié-n’guessan n’Doua Gisèle Kouakou Siransy Department of Pharmacology Clinical and Therapeutic Pharmacy Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences University of Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Background: “Diarra”, a traditional herbal remedy made from five (5) medicinal plants, might be endowed with anti-diarrhoeal properties according to its owner. However, scientific evidence of its safety, tolerability and activity has not been established. Objective: This study aimed to assess the safety, tolerability and anti-diarrhoeal activity of “Diarra” in experimental rats. Materials and Methods: Safety was assessed by acute (OECD 423) and sub-acute (OECD 407) toxicity studies at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. Clinical tolerability was assessed for 28 days. On day 29, a blood sample was taken to evaluate biological tolerability. The anti-diarrhoeal activity was investigated in a castor oil-induced diarrhoea model. Rats were given the remedy at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg and then castor oil 1 hour later. They were observed for 4 hours and diarrhoeal stools were collected. The Percentage of diarrhoeal inhibition was calculated. Results: A single dose of “Diarra” at a dose of 2000 mg/kg did not induce any lethality, behavioural or weight change in rats for 14 days. When administered once daily for 28 days, “Diarra” did not cause lethality or significant behavioural disorders or significant weight loss in rats. no biological disorders were observed. The treatment of rats with “Diarra” at doses of 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg in a single administration inhibited the occurrence of diarrhoeal stools. The respective percentages of inhibition were 60%, 50% and 62%, similar to those of loperamide at a dose of 2 mg/kg (68%). Conclusion: “Diarra” has an anti-diarrheal activity in rats. It is also safe to use this remedy as such.

关键词： Safety Tolerability Antidiarrheal Diarra Traditional Medicine

Considerations when using the activPAL monitor in field-based research with adult populations

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第2期6卷 162-178页

作者： Charlotte L.Edwardson Elisabeth A.H.Winkler Danielle H.Bodicoat Tom Yates Melanie J.Davies David W.Dunstan genevieve n.Healy diabetes research centre leicester general hospitaluniversity of leicesterLeicester LE5 4PWUK nihr leicester-loughborough diet lifestyleand physical activity biomedical research unitLeicester LE5 4PWUK school of population health the university of queenslandBrisbaneQLD 4006Australia baker idi heart and diabetes institute MelbourneVIC 3004Australia school of exercise and nutrition sciences deakin universityBurwoodVIC 3125Australia department of epidemiology and preventive medicine monash universityMelbourneVIC 3800Australia school of sport science exercise and healththe university of western australiaPerthWA 6009Australia central clinical school monash universityMelbourneVIC 3800Australia school of physiotherapy and exercise science curtin universityPerthWA 6102Australia

Research indicates that high levels of sedentary behavior(sitting or lying with low energy expenditure) are adversely associated with health. A key factor in improving our understanding of the impact of sedentary behavior(and patterns of sedentary time accumulation) on health is the use of objective measurement tools that collect date and time-stamped activity information. One such tool is the activP AL monitor. This thigh-worn device uses accelerometer-derived information about thigh position to determine the start and end of each period spent sitting/lying, standing, and stepping, as well as stepping speed, step counts, and postural transitions. The activP AL is increasingly being used within field-based research for its ability to measure sitting/lying via posture. We summarise key issues to consider when using the activP AL in physical activity and sedentary behavior field-based research with adult populations. It is intended that the findings and discussion points be informative for researchers who are currently using activP AL monitors or are intending to use them. Pre-data collection decisions, monitor preparation and distribution, data collection considerations, and manual and automated data processing possibilities are presented using examples from current literature and experiences from 2 research groups from the UK and Australia.

关键词： populations monitor lying collection accelerometer expenditure Australia stepping currently intended

The vital threat of an upper gastrointestinal bleeding: Risk factor analysis of 121 consecutive patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第22期12卷 3597-3601页

作者： Peter Schemmer Frank Decker genevieve Dei-Anane Volkmar Henschel Klaus Buhl Christian Herfarth Stefan Riedl Deptartment of General Surgery Ruprecht-Karls-University 69120 HeidelbergGermany Volkmar HenschelInstitute for Statistics and Medical BiometryRuprecht-Karls-University69120 HeidelbergGermany Institute for Statistics and Medical Biometry Ruprecht-Karls-University 69120 HeidelbergGermany Deptartment of General Surgery Ruprecht-Karls-University 69120 HeidelbergGermany

AIM： To analyze the importance in predicting patients risk of mortality due to upper gastrointestinal （UGI） bleeding under today＇s therapeutic regimen. METHODS： From 1998 to 2001, 121 patients with the diagnosis of UGI bleeding were treated in our hospital. Based on the patients＇ data, a retrospective multivariate data analysis with initially more than 270 single factors was performed. Subsequently, the following potential risk factors underwent a logistic regression analysis： age, gender, initial hemoglobin, coumarines, liver cirrhosis, prothrombin time （PT）, gastric ulcer （small curvature）, duodenal ulcer （bulbus back wall）, Forrest classification, vascular stump, variceal bleeding, MalloryWeiss syndrome, RBC substitution, recurrent bleeding, conservative and surgical therapy. RESULTS： Seventy male （58%） and 51 female （42%） patients with a median age of 70 （range： 21-96） years were treated. Their in-hospital mortality was 14%. While 12% （11/91） of the patients died after conservative therapy, 20% （6/30） died after undergoing surgical therapy. UGI bleeding occurred due to duodenal ulcer （n = 36; 30%）, gastric ulcer （n = 35; 29%）, esophageal varicosis （n = 12; 10%）, Mallory-Weiss syndrome （n = 8, 7%）, erosive lesions of the mucosa （n = 20; 17%）, cancer （n = 5; 4%）, coagulopathy （n = 4; 3%）, lymphoma （n = 2; 2%）, benign tumor （n = 2; 2%） and unknown reason （n = 1, 1%）. A logistic regression analysis of all aforementioned factors revealed that liver cirrhosis and duodenal ulcer （bulbus back wall） were associated risk factors for a fatal course after UGI bleeding. Prior to endoscopy, only liver cirrhosis was an assessable risk factor. Thereafter, liver cirrhosis, the location of a bleeding ulcer （bulbus back wall） andpatients＇ gender （male） were of prognostic importance for the clinical outcome （mortality） of patients with a bleeding ulcer.COnCLUSIOn： Most prognostic parameters used in clinical routine today are not reliable enough in predicting a patient＇s vital

关键词： UGT bleeding Mortality Risk factors

Response of life-history traits to artificial and natural selection for virulence and nonvirulence in a Drosophila parastitoid, Asobara tabida

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Insect Science 2018年第2期25卷 317-327页

作者： Joffrey Moiroux Joan van Baaren Mathilde Poyet Aude Couty Patrice Eslin genevieve Prevost Jeremy Sguin Vincent Le Roux FRE 3498 EDYSAn CNRS-Universite de Picardie Jules Verne 33 rue St Leu Amiens Cedex France UMR 6553 ECOBIO CNRS- Universite Rennes 1 Campus de Beaulieu avenue du G~n~ral Leclerc Rennes Cedex France UMR 7263 IMBE AMU - CNRS - IRD - UAPV Universite d＇Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza 84916 Avignon Cedex 09 Franc

Co-evolution of host-parasitoid interactions is determined by the costs of host resistance, which received empirical evidence, and the costs ofparasitoid virulence, which have been mostly hypothesized. Asobara tabida is a parasitoid, which mainly parasitizes Drosophila melanogaster and D. subobscura, the first species being able to resist to the parasitoid development while the second species is not. To parasitize resistant hosts, including D. melanogaster, A. tabida develops sticky eggs, which prevent encapsulation, but this virulence mechanism may be costly. Interindividual and interpopulation variation in the proportion of sticky eggs respectively allowed us to （i） artificially select and compare life-history traits of a virulent and a nonvirulent laboratory strain, and （ii） compare a virulent and a nonvirulent field strain, to investigate the hypothetical costs of virulence. We observed strong differences between the 2 laboratory strains. The nonvirulent strain invested fewer resources in reproduction and walked less than the virulent one but lived longer. Concerning the field strains, we observed that the nonvirulent strain had larger wings while the virulent one walked more and faster. All together, our results suggest that virulence may not always be costly, but rather that different life histories associated with different levels of virulence may coexist at both intra- and interDoDulation levels.

关键词： encapsulation geographic variation host resistance trade-offs

Mechanically induced Ca^(2+) oscillations in osteocytes release extracellular vesicles and enhance bone formation

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Bone Research 2018年第1期6卷 72-82页

作者： Andrea E.Morrell genevieve n.Brown Samuel T.Robinson Rachel L.Sattler Andrew D.Baik Gehua Zhen Xu Cao Lynda F.Bonewald Weiyang Jin Lance C.Kam X.Edward Guo Bone Bioengineering Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University Center for Musculoskeletal Research Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins University Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Microscale Biocomplexity Laboratory Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia University

The vast osteocytic network is believed to orchestrate bone metabolic activity in response to mechanical stimuli through production of sclerostin, RAnKL, and osteoprotegerin(OPG). However, the mechanisms of osteocyte mechanotransduction remain poorly understood. We've previously shown that osteocyte mechanosensitivity is encoded through unique intracellular calcium (Ca^(2+) ) dynamics. Here, by simultaneously monitoring Ca^(2+) and actin dynamics in single cells exposed to fluid shear flow, we detected actin network contractions immediately upon onset of flow-induced Ca^(2+) transients, which were facilitated by smooth muscle myosin and further confirmed in native osteocytes ex vivo. Actomyosin contractions have been linked to the secretion of extracellular vesicles(EVs), and our studies demonstrate that mechanical stimulation upregulates EV production in osteocytes through immunostaining for the secretory vesicle marker Lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1(LAMP1) and quantifying EV release in conditioned medium, both of which are blunted when Ca^(2+) signaling was inhibited by neomycin. Axial tibia compression was used to induce anabolic bone formation responses in mice, revealing upregulated LAMP1 and expected downregulation of sclerostin in vivo. This load-related increase in LAMP1 expression was inhibited in neomycin-injected mice compared to ***-computed tomography revealed significant load-related increases in both trabecular bone volume fraction and cortical thickness after two weeks of loading, which were blunted by neomycin treatment. In summary, we found mechanical stimulation of osteocytes activates Ca^(2+) -dependent contractions and enhances the production and release of EVs containing bone regulatory proteins. Further, blocking Ca^(2+) signaling significantly attenuates adaptation to mechanical loading in vivo, suggesting a critical role for Ca^(2+) -mediated signaling in bone adaptation.

关键词： OPG conditioned medium Ca2+-dependent

Assessment of clinical dehydration using point of care ultrasound for pediatric patients in rural Panama

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第1期10卷 46-50页

作者： genevieve Mazza Carina Mireles Romo Marlene Torres Ali Duffens Annasha Vyas Katherine Moran Joshua Livingston Savannah Gonzales Shadi Lahham Inna Shniter Maxwell Thompson John Christian Fox School of Medicine University of California Irvine Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Irvine

BACKGROUnD: Dehydration and its associated symptoms are among the most common chief complaints of children in rural Panama. Previous studies have shown that intravascular volume correlates to the ratio of the diameters of the inferior vena cava(IVC) to the aorta(Ao). Our study aims to determine if medical students can detect pediatric dehydration using ultrasound on patients in rural Panama. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study conducted in the Bocas del Toro region of rural Panama. Children between the ages of 1 to 15 years presenting with diarrhea, vomiting, or parasitic infection were enrolled in the study. Ultrasound measurements of the diameters of the IVC and abdominal aorta were taken to assess for dehydration. RESULTS: A total of 59 patients were enrolled in this study. Twenty-four patients were clinically diagnosed with dehydration and 35 were classified to have normal hydration status. Of the 24 patients with dehydration, half(n=12) of these patients had an IVC/Ao ratio below the American threshold of 0.8. Of the remaining asymptomatic subjects, about half(n=18) of these subjects also had an IVC/Ao ratio below the American threshold of ***: Our study did not support previous literature showing that the IVC/Ao ratio is lower in children with dehydration. It is possible that the American standard for evaluating clinical dehydration is not compatible with the rural pediatric populations of Panama.

关键词： Ultrasound Parasitic infection Panama Rural medicine Dehydration Medical education

Composition of the Volatile Components Extracted from the Roots of <i>Scorzonera undulata</i>ssp <i>deliciosa</i>(Guiss) Maire: From Algeria

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2012年第2期2卷 59-61页

作者： Brahim Harkati Salah Akkal Marie genevieve Dijoux Franca Département de Botanique et Pharmacognosie Faculté de Pharmacie—Ecologie Microbienne CESN ISPB Lyon France Laboratoire de Phytochimie et Analyses Physicochimiques et Biologiques Département de Chimie Faculté de Sciences Exactes Université Mentouri Constantine Constantine Algérie

The chemical composition of the volatile components of the dried roots of Scorzonera undulata ssp deliciosa collected from Algeria was determined by GC and GC/MS. The obtained results showed that the extracted oil contained nine fatty acids. The major compounds were hexadecanoic acid (42.2%), n-tetradecanoic acid (16.1%), 9-octadecenoic acid (7.7%) and 9-hexadecenoic acid (4.5%).

关键词： Asteraceae Scorzonera undulata ssp deliciosa Essential Oil Fatty Acids GC-MS

Safety, Tolerability and Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity of “Diarra”, a Preparation of Medicinal Plants Used in Ivorian Traditional Medicine

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HACD1,a regulator of membrane composition and fluidity,promotes myoblast fusion and skeletal muscle growth

Pharmacology & Pharmacy（药理与制药） 2023年第10期

作者： Kouakou Etienne Effo Yacouba Adebo Adehouni Gbongué Eric Tia amenan Geneviève Irié-n’guessan n’Doua Gisèle Kouakou Siransy

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2015年第5期7卷 429-440页

作者： Jordan Blondelle Yusuke Ohno Vincent Gache Stephane Guyot Sebastien Storck nicolas Blanchard-Gutton Ines Barthelemy Gemma Walmsley Anaelle Rahier Stephanie Gadin Marie Maurer Laurent Guillaud Alexandre Prola Arnaud Ferry genevieve Aubin-Houzelstein Jean Demarquoy Frederic Relaix Richard JPiercy Stephane Blot Akio Kihara Laurent Tiret Fanny Pilot-Storck Inserm IMRB U955-E1094000 CreteilFrance Universite Paris-Est Ecole nationale veterinaire d’Alfort(EnvA)94700 Maisons-AlfortFrance Universite Paris-Est Creteil Faculte de medecine94000 CreteilFrance Laboratory of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesHokkaido UniversitySapporo 060-0812Japan Universite de Bourgogne UMR A 02.102 PAM-EPMBAgroSup Dijon21000 DijonFrance Institut necker-Enfants Malades INSERM U1151-CNRS UMR 8253Sorbonne Paris CiteUniversite Paris DescartesFaculte de Medecine-Site Broussais75015 ParisFrance Comparative neuromuscular Disease Laboratory Department of Clinical Sciences and ServicesRoyal Veterinary CollegeLondon NW10TUUK Therapie des maladies du muscle strie InSERM U974-CnRS UMR7215-UPMC UM76-Institut de Myologie Universite Pierre et Marie Curie-Universite Paris Descartes75000 ParisFrance Universite de Bourgogne Faculte des Sciences GabrielBio-PeroxIL21000 DijonFrance

The reduced diameter of skeletal myofibres is a hallmark of several congenital myopathies,yet the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain *** this study,we investigate the role of HACD1/PTPLA,which is involved in the elongation of the very long chain fatty acids,in muscle fibre *** humans and dogs,HACD1 deficiency leads to a congenital myopathy with fibre size disproportion associated with a generalized *** of HACD1-deficient Labradors,Hacd1-knockout mice,and Hacd1-deficient myoblasts,we provide evidence that HACD1 promotes myoblast fusion during muscle development and *** further demonstrate that in normal differentiating myoblasts,expression of the catalytically active HACD1 isoform,which is encoded by a muscle-enriched splice variant,yields decreased lysophosphatidylcholine content,a potent inhibitor of myoblast fusion,and increased concentrations of≥C18 and monounsaturated fatty acids of *** lipid modifications correlate with a reduction in plasma membrane *** conclusion,we propose that fusion impairment constitutes a novel,non-exclusive pathological mechanism operating in congenital myopathies and reveal that HACD1 is a key regulator of a lipid-dependent muscle fibre growth mechanism.

关键词： centronuclear myopathy LPC MUFA PTPLA VLCFA