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Biological and molecular interplay between two viruses and powdery and downy mildews in two grapevine cultivars

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 408-421页

作者： Giovanna Gilardi Walter Chitarra amedeo Moine Monica Mezzalama Paolo Boccacci Massimo Pugliese Maria Lodovica Gullino Giorgio Gambino Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental sector(AGROINNOVA) University of TorinoLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoItaly Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection National Research Council(IPSP-CNR)Strada delle Cacce 7310135 TorinoItaly Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology Council for Agricultural Research and Economics(CREA-VE)Via XXVIII Aprile 2631015 ConeglianoItaly Department of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences(DISAFA)University of TorinoLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoItaly

Grapevine may be affected simultaneously by several pathogens whose complex interplay is largely *** studied the effects of infection by two grapevine viruses on powdery mildew and downy mildew development and the molecular modifications induced in grapevines by their multiple *** fanleaf virus(GFLV)and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus(GRSPaV)were transmitted by in vitro-grafting to Vitis vinifera cv Nebbiolo and Chardonnay virus-free plantlets regenerated by somatic *** were then artificially inoculated in the greenhouse with either Plasmopara viticola or Erysiphe necator ***-infected plants showed a reduction in severity of the diseases caused by powdery and downy mildews in comparison to virus-free *** induced the overexpression of stilbene synthase genes,pathogenesis-related proteins,and influenced the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in *** transcriptional changes suggest improved innate plant immunity,which makes the GFLV-infected grapevines less susceptible to other biotic ***,however,cannot be extrapolated to GRSPaV as it was unable to promote protection against the fungal/oomycete *** these multiple interactions,the grapevine genotype seemed to have a crucial role:in‘Nebbiolo’,the virus-induced molecular changes were different from those observed in‘Chardonnay’,suggesting that different metabolic pathways may be involved in protection against fungal/oomycete *** results indicate that complex interactions do exist between grapevine and its different pathogens and represent the first study on a topic that still is largely unexplored.

关键词： mildew powdery cultivar

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and aging: Epidemiology to management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第39期20卷 14185-14204页

作者： Marco Bertolotti amedeo Lonardo Chiara Mussi Enrica Baldelli Elisa Pellegrini Stefano Ballestri Dante Romagnoli Paola Loria Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural Sciences Nuovo Ospedale Civile di Modena University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and Azienda USL of Modena Baggiovara 41126 Modena Italy Division of Internal Medicine Pavullo Hospital 41026 Pavullo (MO) Italy

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is common in the elderly, in whom it carries a more substantial burden of hepatic(nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma) and extra-hepatic manifestations and complications(cardiovascular disease, extrahepatic neoplasms) than in younger age groups. Therefore, proper identification and management of this condition is a major task for clinical geriatricians and geriatric hepatologists. In this paper, the epidemiology and pathophysiology of this condition are reviewed, and a full discussion of the link between NAFLD and the aspects that are peculiar to elderly individuals is provided; these aspects include frailty, multimorbidity, polypharmacy and dementia. The proper treatment strategy will have to consider the peculiarities of geriatric patients, so a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory. Non-pharmacological treatment(diet and physical exercise) has to be tailored individually considering the physical limitations of most elderly people and the need for an adequate caloric supply. Similarly, the choice of drug treatment must carefully balance the benefits and risks in terms of adverse events and pharmacological interactions in the common context of both multiple health conditions and polypharmacy. In conclusion, further epidemiological and pathophysiological insight is warranted. More accurate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of geriatric NAFLD will help in identifying the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach for individual elderly patients.

关键词： Adipose tissue Atherosclerosis Aortic valve sclerosis Autonomic dysfunction Arrhythmia Cirrhosis Dementia Falls Frailty Hepatocellular carcinoma Microbiota Nuclear receptors Pathogenesis Sarcopenia Treatment

Pathogenesis and significance of hepatitis C virus steatosis:An update on survival strategy of a successful pathogen

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第23期20卷 7089-7103页

作者： amedeo Lonardo Luigi Elio Adinolfi Luciano Restivo Stefano Ballestri Dante Romagnoli Enrica Baldelli Fabio Nascimbeni Paola Loriaca Division of Internal Medicine Department of BiomedicalMetabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia41126 ModenaItaly Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalMetabolicand Geriatric SciencesSecond University of Naples80100 NaplesItaly

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a successful pathogen on the grounds that it exploits its host’s metabolism to build up viral particles; moreover it favours its own survival by inducing chronic disease and the development of specific anatomic changes in the infected organ. Steatosis, therefore, is associated with HCV infection by necessity rather than by chance alone. Approximately 6% of HCV patients have steatohepatitis. Interestingly, HCV steatosis occurs in the setting of multiple metabolic abnormalities (hyperuricemia, reversible hypocholesterolemia, insulin resistance, arterial hypertension and expansion of visceral adipose tissue) collectively referred to as “hepatitis C-associated dysmetabolic syndrome” (HCADS). General, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-like, mechanisms of steatogenesis (including increased availability of lipogenic substrates and de novo lipogenesis; decreased oxidation of fatty substrates and export of fatty substrates) are shared by all HCV genotypes. However, genotype 3 seemingly amplifies such steatogenic molecular mechanisms reported to occur in NAFLD via more profound changes in microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; sterol regulatory element-binding proteins and phosphatase and tensin homologue. HCV steatosis has a remarkable clinical impact in as much as it is an acknowledged risk factor for accelerated fibrogenesis; for impaired treatment response to interferon and ribavirin; and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent data, moreover, suggest that HCV-steatosis contributes to premature atherogenesis via both direct and indirect mechanisms. In conclusion, HCV steatosis fulfills all expected requirements necessary to perpetuate the HCV life cycle. A better understanding of the physiology of HCADS will likely result in a more successful handling of disease with improved antiviral success rates.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Fibrosis Hepatitis C-associated dysmetabolic syndrome Hepatocellular carcinoma Steatohepatitis Sustained virological response Hepatitis C virus

Impact of microbiota-immunity axis in pancreatic cancer management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第32期28卷 4527-4539页

作者： Ilenia Bartolini Giulia Nannini Matteo Risaliti Francesco Matarazzo Luca Moraldi Maria Novella Ringressi Antonio Taddei amedeo Amedei Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine HPB Surgery UnitAzienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria CareggiFlorence 50134Italy Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine SOD of Interdisciplinary Internal MedicineAzienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria CareggiFlorence 50134Italy Division of Oncologic Surgery Department of OncologyCareggi University HospitalFirenze 50134Italy

The microbiota impact on human diseases is well-known,and a growing body of literature is providing evidence about the complex interplay between microbiotaimmune system-human physiology/pathology,including *** with the defined risk factors(e.g.,smoke habits,diet,diabetes,and obesity),the oral,gut,biliary,and intrapancreatic microbiota contribute to pancreatic cancer development through different pathways including the interaction with the immune ***,a great majority of the pancreatic cancer patients received a diagnosis in advanced stages not amenable to be radically treated and potentially *** the poor pancreatic cancer prognosis,complete knowledge of these complicated relationships could help researchers better understand the disease pathogenesis and thus provide early potential noninvasive biomarkers,new therapeutic targets,and tools for risk stratification that might result in greater therapeutic possibilities and eventually in a better and longer patient survival.

关键词： Gastrointestinal tumors Hepatopancreatobiliary tumors Pancreatic cancer Gut microbiota Dysbiosis Cancer development Carcinogenesis

Role of gut microbiota-immunity axis in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer:Focus on short and long-term outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第20期26卷 2498-2513页

作者： Ilenia Bartolini Matteo Risaliti Maria Novella Ringressi Filippo Melli Giulia Nannini amedeo Amedei Paolo Muiesan Antonio Taddei Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine University of FlorenceFlorence 50134Italy

Human body is colonized by a huge amount of microorganisms mostly located in the gastrointestinal *** dynamic communities,the environment and their metabolites constitute the *** data suggests a causal role of a dysbiotic microbiota in several pathologies,such as metabolic and neurological disorders,immunity dysregulations and cancer,especially the well-studied colorectal cancer ***,many were preclinical studies and a complete knowledge of the pathogenetic mechanisms in humans is still *** gut microbiota can exert direct or indirect effects in different phases of colorectal cancer *** example,Fusobacterium nucleatum promotes cancer through cellular proliferation and some strains of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis produce ***,dysbiosis may also cause a proinflammatory state and the stimulation of a Th17 response with IL-17 and IL-22 secretion that have a pro-oncogenic activity,as demonstrated for Fusobacterium *** has a crucial role in several stages of postoperative course;dysbiosis in fact seems related with surgical site infections and Enterococcus faecalis(and other collagenase-producers microbes)are suggested as a cause of anastomotic ***,unbalanced presence of some species,together with altered immune response may also have a prognostic *** has also a substantial role in effectiveness of chemotherapy,chemoresistance and in the related side *** other words,a complete knowledge of the fine pathological mechanisms of gut microbiota may provide a wide range of new diagnostic tools other than therapeutic targets in the light of tailored medicine.

关键词： Intestinal microbiota Colorectal cancer Chemo-resistance Therapeutic strategies

Fatty liver,carotid disease and gallstones:A study of age-related associations

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第36期12卷 5826-5833页

作者： amedeo Lonardo Silvia Lombardini Federica Scaglioni Stefano Ballestri Anna Maria Verrone Marco Bertolotti Lucia Carulli Dorval Ganazzi Nicola Carulli Paola Loria University of Modena and Reggio Emilia-Azienda USL Department of Internal Medicine Metabolism Endocrinology and Geriatrics Ospedale di Baggiovara Via Giardini Modena 41100 Italy

AIM: To evaluate carotid intima-media thickening (IMT) and plaques, gallstone disease (GD) and fatty liver (FL) as a function of age. METHODS: In 449 subjects, FL and carotid disease were assessed ultrasonographically. In a subgroup of 65/449 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), carotid disease, GD and associated factors were determined. RESULTS: FL of unspecified etiology was more common in younger and GD in older individuals. FL subjects had an increased prevalence of IMT and a decreased prevalence of plaques and manifested carotid disease earlier. Plaques were more common in subjects with GD. Age was an independent predictor of carotid disease outcome and FL was a protective factor for plaques. In NAFLD, there was an inverse correlation between body weight and age and the latter independently predicted carotid findings. CONCLUSION: Cardiovascular risk in patients with FL and NAFLD needs to be assessed as a function of age and body weight.

关键词： Atherosclerosis Carotid Gallstones Intimamedia thickening Fatty liver

Digging the metabolic roots of NASH up

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Life Metabolism 2022年第3期1卷 203-204页

作者： Enrica Baldelli amedeo Lonardo Department of Biomedical Metabolic and Neural SciencesUniversity of Modena and Reggio EmiliaModenaItaly Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena—Department of Internal Medicine—Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara ModenaItaly

“Maybe you are searching among the branches for what only appears in the roots”—*** the paradigm of disease heterogeneity,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has a remarkably variable natural history in the individual patient which legitimates personalized medicine *** some individuals follow a benign indolent course while others progress from simple steatosis to ongoing liver fibrosis,cirrhosis,and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remains a fundamental(though unanswered)clinical and research question.

关键词： roots liver NAFLD

Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and atherosclerosis: Clinical impact and mechanisms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第13期20卷 3410-3417页

作者： Luigi E Adinolfi Rosa Zampino Luciano Restivo amedeo Lonardo Barbara Guerrera Aldo Marrone Fabio Nascimbeni Anna Florio Paola Loria Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalMetabolicand Geriatric SciencesSecond University of Naples80100 NaplesItaly Department of Internal Medicine EndocrinologyMetabolism and GeriatricsUniversity of Modena and Reggio Emilia41126 Modena Italy Vascular Surgery Second University of Naples80100 NaplesItaly

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection represents a major health issue worldwide due to its burden of chronic liver disease and extrahepatic manifestations including cardiovascular diseases,which are associated with excess *** of published studies supports the view that HCV infection should be considered a risk factor for the development of carotid atherosclerosis,heart failure and *** contrast,findings from studies addressing coronary artery disease and HCV have yielded conflicting ***,meta-analytic reviews and prospective studies are *** pathogenic mechanisms connecting HCV infection,chronic liver disease,and atherogenesis are not completely ***,it has been hypothesized that HCV may promote atherogenesis and its complications through several direct and indirect biological mechanisms involving HCV colonization and replication within arterial walls,liver steatosis and fibrosis,enhanced and imbalanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines,oxidative stress,endotoxemia,mixed cryoglobulinemia,perturbed cellular and humoral immunity,hyperhomocysteinemia,hypo-adiponectinaemia,insulin resistance,type 2 diabetes and other components of the metabolic *** these complex mechanisms is of fundamental importance for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to prevent and to treat vascular complications in patients with chronic HCV ***,it seems that HCV clearance by interferon and ribavirin treatment significantly reduces non-liver-related mortality;moreover,interferon-based treatment appears to decrease the risk of ischemic stroke.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Atherosclerosis Coronary artery disease Stroke Inflammation

Role of stem cells-based in facial nerve reanimation:A meta-analysis of histological and neurophysiological outcomes

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第6期14卷 420-428页

作者： Luca Ricciardi Resi Pucci amedeo Piazza Giorgio Lofrese Alba Scerrati Nicola Montemurro Antonino Raco Massimo Miscusi Tamara Ius Marco Zeppieri Division of Neurosurgery AOU Sant’AndreaDepartment of NESMOSSapienza UniversityRome 00189Italy Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences Sapienza UniversityRome 00161Italy Division of Neurosurgery Ospedale BufaliniCesena 47521Italy Department of Neurosurgery Sant'Anna University HospitalS.Anna University HospitalFerrara 44121Italy Department of Morphology Surgery and Experimental MedicineUniversity of FerraraFerrara 44121Italy Department of Neurosurgery Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria PisanaPisa 56126Italy Neurosurgery Unit Department of NeurosciencesSanta Maria della Misericordia University HospitalUdine 33100Italy Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

BACKGROUND Treatments involving stem cell(SC)usage represent novel and potentially interesting alternatives in facial nerve *** literature includes the use of SC in animal model studies to promote graft survival by enhancing nerve fiber growth,spreading,myelinization,in addition to limiting fibrotic degeneration after ***,the effectiveness of the clinical use of SC in facial nerve reanimation has not been clarified *** To investigate the histological,neurophysiological,and functional outcomes in facial reanimation using SC,compared to *** Our study is a systematic review of the literature,consistently conducted according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses statement *** review question was:In facial nerve reanimation on rats,has the use of stem cells revealed as effective when compared to autograft,in terms of histological,neurophysiological,and functional outcomes?Random-effect meta-analysis was conducted on histological and neurophysiological data from the included comparative *** After screening 148 manuscript,five papers were included in our study.43 subjects were included in the SC group,while 40 in the autograft *** meta-analysis showed no significative differences between the two groups in terms of myelin thickness[CI:-0.10(-0.20,0.00);I^(2)=29%;P=0.06],nerve fibers diameter[CI:0.72(-0.93,3.36);I^(2)=72%;P=0.6],compound muscle action potential amplitude[CI:1.59(0.59,3.77);I^(2)=89%;P=0.15]and latency[CI:0.66(-1.01,2.32);I^(2)=67%;P=0.44].The mean axonal diameter was higher in the autograft group[CI:0.94(0.60,1.27);I^(2)=0%;P≤0.001].CONCLUSION The role of stem cells in facial reanimation is still relatively poorly studied,in animal models,and available results should not discourage their use in future studies on human subjects.

关键词： Facial nerve Palsy Reanimation Coaptation Stem cells Nerve fibers Functional outcome