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Evaporation and CO_(2)fluxes in a coastal reef:an eddy covariance approach

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2017年第10期3卷 1-21页

作者： A.Camilo Rey-Sánchez Gil Bohrer Timothy H.Morin Dekel Shlomo Golnazalsadat Mirfenderesgi Hezi Gildor amatzia genin Department of Civil Environmental and Geodetic EngineeringThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA Department of Environmental Resources Engineering State University of New York College of Environmental Science and ForestrySyracuseNYUSA The Fredy&Nadine Herrmann Institute of Earth Sciences the Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of Eilat Coral BeachEilatIsrael department ofDepartment of Ecology Evolution&BehaviorSilverman Institute of Life Sciencesthe Hebrew University of JerusalemEilatIsrael ecologyevolution&behaviorsilverman institute of life sciencesthe hebrew university of jerusalemeilatisrael

Introduction:We conducted season-long observations of evaporation and carbon flux at the Gulf of Aqaba coast,northern Red Sea.We used the eddy-covariance method with a two-tower setup to measure evaporation rates over land and sea and the advection between them.Using a three-dimensional mass balance approach,we calculated total evaporation as the sum of two main components in our site:horizontal advection and turbulent vertical flux,with half-hourly change of water vapor storage and horizontal flux divergence found to be negligible.Outcomes:Average evaporation rates were 11.4[mm/day]from April through May(early summer)and 10.5[mm/day]from June through August(summer).The coastal reef was a CO_(2)sink over the period of measurements,significantly higher in June through August than in April through May.The main environmental drivers of CO_(2)flux were humidity,water temperature,sensible heat flux,and wind speed.Discussion:The rates of evaporation near the shore were considerably higher than values reported in other studies typically used to represent the mean for the whole Gulf area.We found that evaporation rates computed by common bulk models approximate the mean values of evaporation but have poor representativeness of the intra-daily temporal variation of evaporation.There was a significant correlation between CO_(2)flux and evaporation attributed to common environmental drivers of gas diffusion,turbulent fluxes,and horizontal transport.Conclusion:We conclude that observations of fluxes in coastal waters need to use at least a two-tower system to account for the effect of horizontal advection on the total flux.

关键词： Evaporation coral reef carbon flux advection eddy covariance

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Chitin-glucan improves important pathophysiological features of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第16期30卷 2258-2271页

作者： Caroline Valibouze Caroline Dubuquoy Philippe Chavatte Michaël genin Veronique Maquet Salvatore Modica Pierre Desreumaux Christel Rousseaux Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation Lille UniversityLille 59037France Intestinal Biotech Development Facultéde MédicineLille 59045France U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Universitéde LilleLille 59000France ULR 2694-METRICS Évaluation des Technologies de santéet des Pratiques MédicalesUniversity of LilleLille 59000France KitoZyme SA Institution SociétéAnonymeZone 2Parc des Hauts SartsRue de MilmortHerstal 4040Belgium Hepato-Gastroenterology Department Lille University HospitalLille 59037France

BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most frequent and debilitating conditions leading to gastroenterological referrals.However,recommended treatments remain limited,yielding only limited therapeutic gains.Chitin-glucan(CG)is a novel dietary prebiotic classically used in humans at a dosage of 1.5-3.0 g/d and is considered a safe food ingredient by the European Food Safety Authority.To provide an alternative approach to managing patients with IBS,we performed preclinical molecular,cellular,and animal studies to evaluate the role of chitin-glucan in the main pathophysiological mechanisms involved in IBS.AIM To evaluate the roles of CG in visceral analgesia,intestinal inflammation,barrier function,and to develop computational molecular models.METHODS Visceral pain was recorded through colorectal distension(CRD)in a model of long-lasting colon hypersensitivity induced by an intra-rectal administration of TNBS[15 milligrams(mg)/kilogram(kg)]in 33 Sprague-Dawley rats.Intracolonic pressure was regularly assessed during the 9 wk-experiment(weeks 0,3,5,and 7)in animals receiving CG(n=14)at a human equivalent dose(HED)of 1.5 g/d or 3.0 g/d and compared to negative control(tap water,n=11)and positive control(phloroglucinol at 1.5 g/d HED,n=8)groups.The anti-inflammatory effect of CG was evaluated using clinical and histological scores in 30 C57bl6 male mice with colitis induced by dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)administered in their drinking water during 14 d.HT-29 cells under basal conditions and after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide(LPS)were treated with CG to evaluate changes in pathways related to analgesia μ-opioid receptor(MOR),cannabinoid receptor 2(CB2),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha,inflammation[interleukin(IL)-10,IL-1b,and IL-8]and barrier function[mucin 2-5AC,claudin-2,zonula occludens(ZO)-1,ZO-2]using the real-time PCR method.Molecular modelling of CG,LPS,lipoteichoic acid(LTA),and phospholipomannan(PLM)was developed,and the ability of CG to chelate microbial pathogenic lipids

关键词： Chitin-glucan Irritable bowel syndrome Abdominal pain Inflammation Intestinal barrier Molecular modelling Microbial cell walls chelation

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Efficacy and tolerability of chitin-glucan combined with simethicone(GASTRAP^(■)DIRECT)in irritable bowel syndrome:A prospective,open-label,multicenter study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2024年第3期15卷 10-22页

作者： Nathalie Talbodec Pauline Le Roy Peggy Fournier Benoit Lesage Elodie Lepoutre François Castex Jean Michel Godchaux Lionel Vandeville Benjamin Bismuth Xavier Lesage Pauline Bayart Michael genin Christel Rousseaux Veronique Maquet Salvatore Modica Pierre Desreumaux Caroline Valibouze Department of Gastroenterology Hôpital privéLe BoisLille 59000France Department of Gastroenterology Hôpital privéde Villeneuve d’AscqVilleneuve d’Ascq 59650France Univ.Lille CHU LilleULR 2694–METRICSÉvaluation des Technologies de Santéet des Pratiques MédicalesLille 59000France Development of Intestinal Biotech 1 Avenue Oscar LambretLille 59045France KitoZyme SA Parc Industriel des hauts Sarts Zone 2Rue de MilmortHerstal 4040Belgium BiOkuris A Parc Industriel des hauts Sarts Zone 2Rue de MilmortHerstal 4040Belgium Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Lille University HospitalLille 59000France U1286-INFINITE Institute for Translational Research in InflammationUniv.LilleInsermCHU LilleLille 59000France Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation Lille University HospitalLille 59037France

BACKGROUNDIrritable bowel syndrome(IBS),defined according to the Rome IV diagnostic criteria,is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain related to altered bowel habits.First-line recommended treatments are limited to combining drugs targeting predominant symptoms,particularly pain(antispasmodics),constipation(laxatives),and diarrhea(loperamide),yielding only a limited therapeutic gain.GASTRAP^(■)DIRECT is a class IIa medical formulation composed of a combination of chitin-glucan and simethicone indicated for the symptomatic treatment of gas-related gastrointestinal disorders by combining different mechanisms of action.AIM To evaluate the efficacy,tolerability,and safety of 4-week GASTRAP^(■)DIRECT treatment in patients with IBS.METHODS In this prospective,multicenter,open-label trial,120 patients with IBS received three sticks of GASTRAP^(■)DIRECT(1.5 g/d of chitin-glucan and 0.75 mg/d of simethicone)per day for 4 weeks.The primary endpoint was the responder rate,defined as the number of patients whose abdominal pain score decreased by≥30%from baseline to week(W)4.The analysis was performed using the per-protocol set.Cardinal symptoms,impact of global symptoms on daily life,change in stool consistency,and improvement in defecatory disorders were evaluated.RESULTS Overall,100 patients were evaluated.At W4,67%(95%CI:57-75)showed improvement in abdominal pain(score:5.8±2.4 vs 2.9±2.0,P<0.0001).Similar improvements were observed for bloating[8.0±1.7 vs 4.7±2.9,P<0.0001;60%(95%CI:50-70)responders],abdominal distension[7.2±2.1 vs 4.4±3.1,P<0.0001;53%(95%CI:43-63)responders],and impact of global symptoms on daily life[7.1±2.0 vs 4.6±2.9,P<0.0001;54%(95%CI:44-64)responders].Stool consistency improved in most patients(90%and 57%for patients with liquid and hard stools,respectively).Overall,42%of patients with defecatory disorders reported very much/considerable improvements by W2.No severe adverse event occurred,and tolerability was rated“good”or“very good”by 93%of patients

关键词： Chitin-glucan Irritable bowel syndrome Abdominal pain Flatulence Defecatory disorders Stool consistency Natural non-pharmacological treatment

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医保病种分值付费模式下临床药师的药学服务及效果评价

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药品评价 2024年第1期21卷 11-15页

作者：陈根林邹逢琳孙晓春江西省胸科医院江西南昌330006 南昌大学江西医学院第一附属医院江西南昌330000

目的本研究对医保病种分值付费(DIP)模式下临床药师通过降低住院医保患者的药品费用来降低人均住院费用等进行分析,总结其工作模式。方法在江西省胸科医院优势且治疗方案比较明确的病种中选择呼吸系统结核归类的医保患者作为研究对象,以... 详细信息

目的本研究对医保病种分值付费(DIP)模式下临床药师通过降低住院医保患者的药品费用来降低人均住院费用等进行分析,总结其工作模式。方法在江西省胸科医院优势且治疗方案比较明确的病种中选择呼吸系统结核归类的医保患者作为研究对象,以2020-2022年医保核定的医院同分组均值数据作为对照组,100例临床药师在住院期间提供了药学服务的同分组患者为观察组。观察组中,临床药师与医生共同建立了专门的药学服务小组,在纳入疾病的既往区域医保支付费用的基础上,制定了药物治疗方案,分析对比了两组人均总费用、药占比和人均住院天数的差异。结果经过干预,观察组呼吸系统肺结核三分组的人均总费用和药品占比均显著下降(P0.05)。结论临床药师通过利用自身专业优势,结合DIP总额控费机制、临床路径及医疗机构相关药学数据,优化药物治疗方案,成功降低了干预分组疾病的医保药品费用支出,促进了合理用药。

关键词：病种分值付费临床药师药学服务临床路径

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae prevents postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease modeled by ileocecal resection in HLA-B27 transgenic rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第5期29卷 851-866页

作者： Caroline Valibouze Silvia Speca Caroline Dubuquoy Florian Mourey Lena M'Ba Lucil Schneider Marie Titecat Benoît Foligné Michaël genin Christel Neut Philippe Zerbib Pierre Desreumaux Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation Lille University HospitalLille 59037France U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation Univ.LilleInsermCHU LilleLille 59000France Intestinal Biotech Development Lille 59045France Department of Research and Applications Gnosis by LesaffreLesaffre GroupMarcq-en-Baroeul 59700France ULR 2694-METRICS:Évaluation des Technologies de Santéet des Pratiques Médicales University of LilleLille University HospitalLille 59000France Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology Lille University HospitalLille 59037France

BACKGROUND Postoperative recurrence(POR)after ileocecal resection(ICR)affects most Crohn's disease patients within 3-5 years after surgery.Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli(AIEC)typified by the LF82 strain are pathobionts that are frequently detected in POR of Crohn's disease and have a potential role in the early stages of the disease pathogenesis.Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 is a probiotic yeast reported to inhibit AIEC adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and to favor their elimination from the gut.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of CNCM I-3856 in preventing POR induced by LF82 in an HLA-B27 transgenic(TgB27)rat model.METHODS Sixty-four rats[strain F344,38 TgB27,26 control non-Tg(nTg)]underwent an ICR at the 12th wk(W12)of life and were sacrificed at the 18th wk(W18)of life.TgB27 rats were challenged daily with oral administration of LF82(109 colony forming units(CFUs)/day(d),n=8),PBS(n=5),CNCM I-3856(109 CFUs/d,n=7)or a combination of LF82 and CNCM I-3856(n=18).nTg rats receiving LF82(n=5),PBS(n=5),CNCM I-3856(n=7)or CNCM I-3856 and LF82(n=9)under the same conditions were used as controls.POR was analyzed using macroscopic(from 0 to 4)and histologic(from 0 to 6)scores.Luminal LF82 quantifications were performed weekly for each animal.Adherent LF82 and inflammatory/regulatory cytokines were quantified in biopsies at W12 and W18.Data are expressed as the median with the interquartile range.RESULTS nTg animals did not develop POR.A total of 7/8(87%)of the TgB27 rats receiving LF82 alone had POR(macroscopic score≥2),which was significantly prevented by CNCM I-3856 administration[6/18(33%)TgB27 rats,P=0.01].Macroscopic lesions were located 2 cm above the anastomosis in the TgB27 rats receiving LF82 alone and consisted of ulcerations with a score of 3.5(2-4).Seven out of 18 TgB27 rats(39%)receiving CNCM I-3856 and LF82 had no macroscopic lesions.Compared to untreated TgB27 animals receiving LF82 alone,coadministration of CNCM I-3856 and LF82 significantly reduced the macroscopic[3.5(2-4)vs 1(0-3),P=0.002]a

关键词： Crohn's disease Recurrence Escherichia coli Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae Colorectal surgery

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Mechanical microenvironments of living cells: a critical frontier in mechanobiology

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第2期35卷 265-269页

作者： Guoyou Huang Feng Xu Guy M. genin Tian Jian Lu The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education School of Life Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China Department of Mechanical Engineering &Materials Science Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis 63130 MO USA NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis 63130 MO USA State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

The fields of biomechanics and mechanobiology have long been predicated on the premise that mechanics governs cell behavior. However, over the past few years, a growing body of evidence has suggested that the mechanical environment very close to cells–the cell microenvironment–plays the most important role in determining what a cell feels and how it responds to tissue-level stimuli. To complicate matters further, cells can actively manipulate their microenvironments through pathways of recursive mechanobiological feedback. Harnessing this recursive behavior to understand and control cell physiology and pathophysiology is a critical frontier in the field of mechanobiology. Recent results suggest that the key to opening this scientific frontier to investigation and engineering application is understanding a different frontier: the physical frontier that cells face when probing their mechanical microenvironments.

关键词： Mechanical microenvironments living cells mechanobiology

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Glycerol effects on optical,weight and geometrical properties of skin tissue

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2021年第5期4卷 64-74页

作者： Vadim D.genin Elina A.genina Valery V.Tuchin Alexey N.Bashkatov Saratov State University(National Research University) 83Astrakhanskaya Str.Saratov 410012Russia Tomsk State University(National Research University) 36Lenina Av.Tomsk 634050Russia Institute of Precise Mechanics and Control of RAS 24Rabochaya Str.Saratov 410028Russia

Complex study of glycerol effects on the skin tissue was performed.The change in optical,weight and geometrical parameters of the rat skin under the action of the glycerol solutions was studied ex vivo.Possible mechanisms of the skin optical clearing under the action of glycerol solutions of different concentrations were discussed.The results can be helpful for refinement of models developed to evaluate the effective diffusion coefficients of glycerol in tissues.

关键词： Glycerol solutions skin optical clearing collimated transmittance dehydration

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Volumetric response of an ellipsoidal liquid inclusion: implications for cell mechanobiology

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第2期35卷 338-342页

作者： Xin Chen Wei He Shaobao Liu Moxiao Li Guy M. genin Feng Xu Tian Jian Lu State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC) Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China U.S. National Science Foundation Science and Technology Center for Engineering Mechanobiology Washington University St. Louis MO 63130 USA Nanjing Center for Multifunctional Lightweight Materials and Structures (MLMS) Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing 210016 China

Elastic composites containing liquid inclusions exist widely in nature and engineering fields. The volumetric response of liquid inclusions is important in many cases, such as an isolated cell embedded in an extracellular matrix and an oil pocket embedded within shale. In this study, we developed a model for describing the volumetric response of an ellipsoidal liquid inclusion. Specifically, we investigated the volumetric response of an ellipsoidal liquid inclusion embedded in a three-dimensional (3D) matrix through an analytical expression of the volumetric response. We performed parametric analysis and found that loading along the shortest axis can induce the most volume change, while loading along the longest axis can induce the least volume change. We also found that the volumetric response decreases with increasing Poisson ratio of the matrix. These results could be used to understand some cell behavior in a 3D matrix, for example, cell alignment under mechanical load.

关键词： Liquid inclusion Liquid compressibility Inclusion theory Solid-liquid interaction

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Time Arrives from the Future:Time-Complex and Post-Contemporaneity

艺术史与艺术哲学

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艺术史与艺术哲学 2020年 3-20页

作者： Christophe genin Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne

Series of time:lapse of time and order of time1Timeline and timerule Die Zeitreihe:der Ablauf der Zeit und die Ordnung der Zeit2Thinking about the relationships between art and time,about anticipating as reverse-order of our perception of time,we would like to examine a crucial distinction3,made by Kant in the Critique of Pure Reason,between lapse of time (Zeitlaufe) and order of time (Zeitordnung).

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Nuclear Mechanotransduction under Geometric Constraint

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医用生物力学 2019年第A1期34卷 133-134页

作者： Yuan Hong Yuhui Li Shaobao Liu genin MGuy Feng Xu The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and TechnologyXi’an710049China Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center(BEBC) Xi’anJiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO63130USA NSF Science and TechnologyCenter for Engineering Mechanobiology Washington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO63130USA

Cells in vivo reside within a complex microenvironment that is rich in biological,chemical and mechanical cues,playing critical roles in regulating cellular activities(e.g.,proliferation,migration,differentiation)both spatially and temporally.Although it is well accepted that biochemical cues can significantly influence cell functions,accumulating evidence has also shown that mechanical feedback from the cell microenvironment(e.g.,stiffness of ECM,morphology,and tension force)also plays an important role in controlling cell fate.Disequilibrium of the mechanical microenvironment is associated with a series of diseases,such as cancer migration and tissue fibrosis.Thus,there is a pressing need to understand how cells transduce these mechanobiological cues.The cell cytoskeleton is linked to both the nuclear lamina via LINC complexes and to focal adhesions.This enables the intriguing possibility that forces directly transduced by the nucleus might in fact affect gene expression.Can force transmitted to nucleus and associated alterations to the special organization of genome inside the nucleus modulate gene expression programmes and change cell behaviors? This kind of putative mechanotransduction dominated by the nucleus is termed as nuclear mechanotransduction.Evidence shows that isolated nuclei regulate their stiffness to in response to force applied on nesprin with integrated nuclear lamina and emerin required.Another example is that the force applied on integrins in focal adhesions can be transmitted through actin filaments to the LINC complex and then stretch the chromatin directly through lamina-chromatin interactions.However,the mechanism of nuclear mechanotransduction is still unclear.Three hypotheses have been proposed.The first proposed mechanism is that the proteins on the nuclear lamina are phosphorylated induced by force and their special organization is changed to regulate downstream signal transduction.Transcription factors like YAP and calcium ions would enter the nucleus in the context of force stretch

关键词： Nuclear Mechanotransduction Geometric Constraint

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