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sensitivity of Labile soil Organic Carbon Pools to Long-Term Fertilizer, straw and Manure Management in Rice-Wheat system

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Pedosphere 2015年第4期25卷 534-545页

作者： Dinesh K.BENBI Kiranvir BRAR amardeep s.toor shivani sHARMA Department of soil science Punjab Agricultural University

Labile soil organic carbon(sOC) pools, estimated through chemical fractionation techniques, are considered sensitive indicators of management-induced changes in quality and composition of soil organic matter. Although the impacts of organic manure and crop residue applications on C sequestration in rice-wheat system are fairly well documented, their influence on labile sOC pools is relatively less known. Impacts of organic manure, rice straw, and inorganic fertilizer nitrogen(N) applications on soil total organic carbon(TOC)and sOC pools including water-extractable organic C(WEOC), hot water-soluble organic C(HWOC), potassium permanganateoxidizable organic C(KMnO 4-C), microbial biomass C(MBC), mineralizable organic C(Cmin), and the oxidizable fractions of decreasing oxidizability(easily-oxidizable, oxidizable, and weakly-oxidizable) were investigated in an 11-year field experiment under rice-wheat system. The field experiment included treatments of different combinations of farmyard manure, rice straw, and fertilizer N application rates, with C inputs estimated to be in the range from 23 to 127 Mg ha-1. After 11 years of experiment, WEOC,HWOC, and KMnO 4-C were 0.32%–0.50%, 2.2%–3.3%, and 15.0%–20.6% of TOC, respectively. The easily-oxidizable, oxidizable,and weakly-oxidizable fractions were 43%–57%, 22%–27%, and 10%–19% of TOC, respectively. The applications of farmyard manure and rice straw improved WEOC, HWOC, KMnO 4-C, easily-oxidizable fraction, Cmin, and MBC, though the rates of change varied considerably from-14% to 145% and-11% to 83% of TOC, respectively. At the C input levels between 29 and 78 Mg C ha-1during the 11-year period, the greatest increase was observed in WEOC and the minimum in KMnO 4-C. Water-extractable organic C exhibited a relatively greater sensitivity to management than TOC, suggesting that it may be used as a sensitive indicator of management-induced changes in soil organic matter under rice-wheat system. All the other labile sOC pools

关键词：土壤有机碳库水稻秸秆有机肥敏感性管理长期施肥系统小麦

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securing Cloud-Encrypted Data:Detecting Ransomware-as-a-service(Raas)Attacks through Deep Learning Ensemble

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 857-873页

作者： amardeep singh Hamad Ali Abosaq saad Arif Zohaib Mushtaq Muhammad Irfan Ghulam Abbas Arshad Ali Alanoud Al Mazroa school of Computer Information sciences University of CumberlandsWilliamsburgKentucky40769USA Computer science Department College of Computer Science and Information SystemsNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Electronics and Computer SystemsCollege of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Electrical Engineering Department College of EngineeringNajran UniversityNajran61441Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering The University of LahoreLahore54000Pakistan Faculty of Computer and Information systems Islamic University of MadinahMadinah42351Saudi Arabia Department of Information systems College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh11671Saudi Arabia

Data security assurance is crucial due to the increasing prevalence of cloud computing and its widespread use across different industries,especially in light of the growing number of cybersecurity threats.A major and everpresent threat is Ransomware-as-a-service(Raas)assaults,which enable even individuals with minimal technical knowledge to conduct ransomware *** study provides a new approach for Raas attack detection which uses an ensemble of deep learning *** this purpose,the network intrusion detection dataset“UNsWNB15”from the Intelligent security Group of the University of New south Wales,Australia is *** the initial phase,the rectified linear unit-,scaled exponential linear unit-,and exponential linear unit-based three separate Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)models are ***,using the combined predictive power of these three MLPs,the RansoDetect Fusion ensemble model is introduced in the suggested *** proposed ensemble technique outperforms previous studieswith impressive performance metrics results,including 98.79%accuracy and recall,98.85%precision,and 98.80%*** empirical results of this study validate the ensemble model’s ability to improve cybersecurity defenses by showing that it outperforms individual *** expanding the field of cybersecurity strategy,this research highlights the significance of combined deep learning models in strengthening intrusion detection systems against sophisticated cyber threats.

关键词： Cloud encryption Raas ensemble threat detection deep learning cybersecurity

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Fertilization and soil Ploughing Practices under Changing Physical Environment Lead to soil Organic Carbon Dynamics under Conservation Agriculture in Rice-Wheat Cropping system: A scoping Review

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Agricultural sciences 2024年第1期15卷 82-113页

作者： salwinder singh Dhaliwal Arvind Kumar shukla sanjib Kumar Behera sarwan Kumar Dubey Agniva Mandal Mehakpreet Kaur Randhawa sharanjit Kaur Brar Gagandeep Kaur amardeep singh toor sohan singh Walia Priyadarshani Arun Khambalkar Department of soil science Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India Rajmata Vijayaraje scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya Gwalior India Indian Institute of soil science (Isss) Bhopal India Indian Council of Agricultural Research—Central soil salinity Research Institute (ICAR-CssRI) Karnal India Department of Agricultural Chemistry and soil science Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Mohanpur India Department of Crop and soil sciences Washington State University Pullman USA school of Organic Farming Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India Department of soil science Rajmata Vijayaraje Sciendia Krishi Viswa Vidalaya Gwalior India

Ploughing and fertilization practices in rice-wheat system have deteriorated the soil carbon (C) pools. Conservation agriculture (CA) based management approaches have proven to enhance C sequestration and reverse the loss of soil-organic-carbon (sOC), which further enhances soil fertility. Different fractions of sOC pools react to the alterations in management practices and indicate changes in sOC dynamics as compared to total C in the soil. Higher sOC levels in soil have been observed in case of reduced/no-till (NT) practices than conventional tillage (CT). However, between CT and zero tillage/NT, total sOC stocks diminished with an increase in soil depth, which demonstrated that the benefits of sOC are more pronounced in the topsoil under NT. soil aggregation provides physical protection to C associated with different-sized particles, thus, the improvement in soil aggregation through CA is an effective way to mitigate soil C loss. Along with less soil disturbance, residual management, suitable crop rotation, rational application of manures and fertilizers, and integrated nutrient management have been found to be effective in not only improving soil C stock but also enhancing the soil health and productivity. Thus, CA can be considered as a potential method in the build-up of sOC of soil in rice-wheat system.

关键词： Tillage Conservation Agriculture soil Organic Carbon Carbon Fractions Rice-Wheat system Organic Amendments

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Cbf-β is required for the development, differentiation, and function of murine mucosal-associated invariant T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2022年第11期19卷 1314-1316页

作者： Tingting Liu Jugmohit s.toor Kalpana subedi Jie Wang Qijun Yi Ian Loveless Li Zhou Qing-sheng Mi Center for Cutaneous Biology and Immunology Research Department of DermatologyHenry Ford HealthDetroitMIUSA Immunology Research Program Henry Ford Cancer InstituteHenry Ford HealthDetroitMIUSA shandong Provincial Hospital for skin Diseases&shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandong250022China Wayne state University school of Medicine DetroitMIUSA

Mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells are an evolutionarily conserved subset of T cells that respond to microbial threats via semi-invariant T cell receptor(TCR)-mediated recognition of microbial riboflavin-derivative antigens presented by MHC class I-related(MR1)molecules[1].MAIT cells mediate functions that link innate and acquired immunity in a broad spectrum of diseases,including infection,cancer,allergy,and autoimmunity[2].MAIT cells are abundant in human nonmucosal tissues,where they account for up to 10%of blood T cells and 45%of liver T cells,but are much less abundant in mice[3].

关键词： mucosal immunity invariant

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Changes in heavy metal contents in animal feeds and manures in an intensive animal production region of China

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2013年第12期25卷 2435-2442页

作者： Hui Wang Yuanhua Dong Yunya Yang Gurpal s.toor Xumei Zhang Key Laboratory of soil Environment and Pollution Remediation Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences soil and Water Quality Laboratory Gulf Coast Research and Education CenterUniversity of Florida Taicang soil Management station

The 360 feed and manure samples were collected from 150 animal farms in Jiangsu Province, China and analyzed for heavy metals. Concentrations of Zn and Cu in animal feeds were 15.9-2041.8 and undetected-392.1 mg/kg respectively, while Hg, As, Pb, Cd, and Cr in all feeds were below 10 mg/kg. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Cr in animal manures were 8.4-1726, 39.5-11379, and 1.0-1602 mg/kg respectively, while As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were 〈 10 mg/kg. The concentration of Cu, Zn, As and Cr in animal feed and manure were positively correlated （p 〈 0.001）, but the Cd, Hg, and Pb were not statistically correlated between the feed and the manure. Concentrations of Cu and Zn were highest in pig feed and manure, followed by poultry and dairy feeds and manures. During 1990- 2008, Cu, Zn, As, Cr, Cd contents increased by 771%, 410%, 420%, 220%, and 63% in pig manure, 212%, 95%, 200%, 791%, and -63% in dairy manure, and 181%, 197%, 1500%, 261, and 196% in poultry manure. Most of the increases occurred from 2002 to 2008, which reflects the extensive use of feed additives after 2002. In contrast, Pb and Hg in manures continuously decreased from 1990 to 2008. The results suggest that the heavy metal contents in animal manure have been greatly increased over 18 years and the contribution of manures to soil should be considered.

关键词： animal manures heavy metal change

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Experimental Investigation of Performance Characteristics of PZT-5A with Application to Fault Diagnosis

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structural Durability & Health Monitoring 2022年第4期16卷 307-321页

作者： saqlain Abbas Zulkarnain Abbas Yanping Zhu Waqas Tariq toor Xiaotong Tu Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology LahoreNarowal CampusNarowal51600Pakistan Institute of Vibration Shock and NoiseState Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and VibrationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Department of Mechanical Engineering National Fertilizer Cooperation(NFC)Institute of Engineering and TechnologyMultan61000Pakistan Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Department of Electrical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology LahoreNarowal CampusNarowal51600Pakistan The school of Informatics Xiamen UniversityXiamen361005China

In the previous couple of decades,techniques to reap energy and empower low voltage electronic devices have received outstanding *** of the methods based on the piezoelectric effect to harvest the energy from ambient vibrations have been ***’s an absence of experiment-based investigation which incorporates the microstructure analysis and crystal morphology of those energy harvest home ***,the impact of variable mechanical and thermal load conditions has seldom been studied within the previous literature to utilize the effectiveness of those materials in several practical applications like structural health monitoring(sHM),*** the proposed research work,scanning electron microscope(sEM)and energy dispersive x-ray(EDX)analysis are performed to examine the inside crystal morphology of PZT-5A and ensure the quality of the piezoelectric ***,the performance of piezoelectric vibration-based energy harvester has been investigated in the second phase of current research work under the variable mechanical and thermal load conditions through a regular series of ***’s been found that the output voltage of piezoelectric sensors will increase by increasing the applied load,whereas a decreasing trend in output voltage is noticed by increasing the applied temperature,resistance and *** the third part,a measuring setup is developed in the laboratory to further investigate the effectiveness of PZT-5A in practical applications such as electromechanical impedance(EMI)based structural health monitoring under the controlled heating ***,this analysis not only evaluates the performance of PZT sensors under the variable operating conditions but also encourages developing a temperature compensation approach in EMI-based sHM.

关键词： Piezoelectric energy harvester crystal morphology scanning electron microscope structural health monitoring electromechanical impedance

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A comparison of financial and operational efficiency between smart and traditional insufflation for laparoscopic surgery: A granular analysis

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic surgery 2023年第3期6卷 97-102页

作者： Aazad Abbas Imran saleh Graeme Hoit Gurjovan sahi sam Park Jihad Abouali Cari Whyne Jay toor Division of Orthopaedic surgery University of Toronto149 College Street Room 508-ATorontoONM5T 1P5Canada Orthopaedic Biomechanics Lab Sunnybrook Research Institute2075 Bayview AvenueTorontoONCanada Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto5 King's College RoadTorontoONM5S 3G8Canada Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto1 King's College CircleTorontoONM5S 1A8Canada University of Toronto Orthopaedics sports Medicine Women's College Hospital76 Grenville StTorontoONCanada Division of Orthopaedic surgery Michael Garron Hospital825 Coxwell AvenueTorontoONM4C 3E7Canada Division of Orthopaedic surgery Sunnybrook Health Science Centre2075 Bayview AvenueTorontoONCanada Department of Orthopaedic surgery University of Manitoba820 Sherbrook StreetWinnipegMBCanada

Objective:smart insufflation(sI)techniques relying on valve and membrane-free insufflation are increasing in *** considerable literature exists demonstrating the benefits of sI on procedural ease and patient outcomes,there remains a paucity describing the financial impact of these *** purpose of this study was to determine the financial and efficiency impact of these devices on the operating room and inpatient wards of a ***:A discrete event simulation model representing a typical mid-sized North American hospital comparing sI to traditional insufflation(TI)was *** National surgical Quality Improvement database from 2015 to 2019 was used to populate the model with data supplemented from the *** included length of stay(LOs),duration of surgery(DOs),annual procedure volume,profit,return on investment(ROI),and gross profit margin(GPM).From the literature review,DOs savings were 10e32 minutes/case,while LOs savings were 0e3 days/***:Implementation of an sI led to an increase in annual throughput of 42e346(4.4%e36.6%)cases for all procedures and 38 to 297(4.3%e33.3%)cases for complex *** was found to be decreased by 175e614(18.3%e64.2%)days for all procedures and 231 to 614(35.6%e77.9%)cases for complex procedures with the implementation of an ***,this resulted in an increase in net profit of$104,685 per *** ROI of sI over the TI device was>1000%,and the GPM for the TI was 90.0%,while the GPM for the sI was 71.7%.Conclusion:Despite the initial financial investment being greater,the implementation of sI offsets these expenses and yields significant financial *** study demonstrates the financial benefits of sI over TI and illustrates how granular operational and financial analyses of technologies are essential to aid in sound healthcare procurement decision making.

关键词： Insufflation Airseal surgical efficiency Financial impact

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Prognostic non-invasive biomarkers for all-cause mortality in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第5期14卷 1025-1037页

作者： Nicole Cianci Mohsan subhani Trevor Hill amardeep Khanna Dong Zheng Abhishek sheth Colin Crooks Guruprasad P Aithal NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and University of OxfordOxford OX39DUUnited Kingdom Nottingham Digestive Diseases NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham Nottingham NG72UHUnited Kingdom King’s Liver Transplant Unit King's College HospitalLondon SE59RSUnited Kingdom NIHR Biomedical Research Center Freeman Hospital and Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE77DNUnited Kingdom Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom school of Medicine Queen Mary University LondonLondon E14NSUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)represents a growing public health concern,with patients having higher risk of morbidity and *** has a considerably high prevalence in the general population,estimated 20%-40%in Europe,and is asymptomatic until late in the disease *** is therefore important to identify and validate tools that predict hard outcomes such as mortality for use in clinical practice in risk-stratifying NAFLD *** To evaluate available evidence on the use of non-invasive test(s)as prognostic factors for mortality in *** We performed electronic searches of Medline and EMBAsE(Ovid)until 7^(th)January 2021 of studies in NAFLD *** markers included serum biomarkers,non-invasive scoring systems,and non-invasive *** population included all spectrums of disease severity,including NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NAsH).Outcomes included all-cause,and cardiovascular *** non-invasive tests were synthesised in a narrative systematic ***,we conducted a meta-analysis of non-invasive scoring systems for predicting all-cause and cardiovascular mortality,calculating pooled hazard ratios and 95%confidence(sTATA 16.1).REsULTs Database searches identified 2850 studies-24 were included.16 studies reported non-invasive scoring systems,10 studies reported individual biomarkers,and 1 study reported imaging modalities.4 studies on non-invasive scoring systems(6324 participants)had data available for inclusion in the *** non-invasive scoring system that performed best at predicting all-cause mortality was NAFLD fibrosis score(NFs)[pHR 3.07(1.62-5.83)],followed by fibrosis-4 index[pHR 3.06(1.54-6.07)],BARD[pHR 2.87(1.27-6.46)],and AsT to platelet ratio index[pHR 1.90(1.32-2.73)].NFs was also prognostic of cardiovascular-related mortality[pHR 3.09(1.78-5.34)].CONCLUsION This study reaffirms that non-invasive scoring systems,especially NFs,are reliable prognostic mark

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Biomarkers Non-invasive Prognosis Mortality

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Nutrition in alcohol-related liver disease:Physiopathology and management

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第22期26卷 2916-2930页

作者： Umair Kamran Jennifer Towey amardeep Khanna Abhishek Chauhan Neil Rajoriya Andrew Holt The Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Dietetics Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Centre for Liver Research Institute of Immunology and Inflammationand National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreThe Medical SchoolUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

Malnutrition encompassing both macro-and micro-nutrient deficiency,remains one of the most frequent complications of alcohol-related liver disease(ArLD).Protein-energy malnutrition can cause significant complications including sarcopenia,frailty and immunodepression in cirrhotic *** reduces patient’s survival and negatively affects the quality of life of individuals with ***,nutritional deficit increases the likelihood of hepatic decompensation in *** recognition of at-risk individuals,early diagnosis and treatment of malnutrition remains a key component of ArLD *** this review,we describe the pathophysiology of malnutrition in ArLD,review the screening tools available for nutritional assessment and discuss nutritional management strategies relevant to the different stages of ArLD,ranging from acute alcoholic hepatitis through to decompensated end stage liver disease.

关键词： Malnutrition sarcopenia Alcohol-related liver disease Nutritional assessment Nutrition support Micronutrients

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Fate of Nutrients, Trace Metals, Bacteria, and Pesticides in Nursery Recycled Water

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第4期7卷 293-299页

作者： Yun-Ya Yang Gurpal s. toor soil and Water Quality Laboratory Gulf Coast Research and Education Center Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences University of Florida Wimauma FL USA

Faced with rapid population growth and fresh water scarcity, reuse of reclaimed water is growing worldwide and becoming an integral part of water resource management. Our objective was to determine the fate of nutrients, trace metals, bacteria, and legacy organic compounds (organochlorine pesticides) in the recycled water from five commercial nursery ponds in Florida. The pH of recycled water at all sites was 8.1 - 9.3, except one site (6.5), while the electrical conductivity (EC) was 0.31 - 0.36 ds/m. Concentrations of trace metals in recycled water were low: Fe (0.125 - 0.367 mg/L), Al (0.126 - 0.169 mg/L), B (0.104 - 0.153 mg/L), Zn (0.123 - 0.211 mg/L), and Mn (sphorus (P) and total nitrogen (N) in the recycled water were 0.35 - 1.00 mg/L and 1.56 - 2.30 mg/L, respectively. Among organochlorine pesticides, endrin aldehyde was the only pesticide detected in all nursery recycled water ponds, with concentrations from 0.04 to 0.10 μg/L at four sites and 1.62 μg/L at one site. Other detected pesticides in recycled water were methoxychlor, endosulfan sulfate, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and α-chlorodane, with concentrations s and Escherichia coli (E. coli) in recycled water were 20 - 50 colony forming units (CFU)/100 mL. We conclude that the concentrations of various inorganic and organic compounds in recycled water are very low and do not appear to be problematic for irrigation purposes in Florida’s nursery recycled water ponds.

关键词： Water Quality Recycled Water Nutrients Trace Metals Pathogen Pesticides

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