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Optimization of a Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Phloroglucinol and Trimethylphloroglucinol by High Performance Liquid Chromatography in Routine Use in a Pharmaceutical Industry in Abidjan

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Open Journal of Optimization 2023年第2期12卷 11-24页

作者： Jean-Kisito Kouamé Mariette Désirée Yéhé Claude Bérenger Ngalemo Ngantchouko amani germain brou Carine Nina Ablé Aya Mélissa Diane Kouadio Bi Gogoua Désiré Vagny Vincent De Paul Ovi Christophe N’cho Amin Gildas Komenan Gbassi National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL) Food Control Service Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Analytical Sciences and Public Health Training and Research Unit (UFR) of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences Félix Houphou&#235t Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast Higher Institute of Health Sciences of the University of the Mountains (UdM) Bangangté Cameroon

In order to provide the population with safe, effective and good quality medicines, the pharmaceutical industries, before releasing batches of their products into the pharmaceutical circuit, put in place internal dosage methods to control the quality of these products. The present study consisted in optimizing a method for the simultaneous determination of Phloroglucinol (PHG) and Trimethylphloroglucinol (TPH) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) routinely used in a pharmaceutical industry located in a township in Abidjan (Ivory Coast). The basic chromatographic conditions were those routinely used for the determination of these two molecules: mobile phase: acetonitrile/water (60/40), stationary phase (C18 BDS Hypersil 250 mm * 4.6 mm - 5 μm), detection wavelength (265 nm), flow rate, injection volume and run time configured at the equipment level were respectively 1 mL/min, 10 μL and 8 min. The method of preparation of the analytes (PHG and TPHG) was also applied by the pharmaceutical industry. The application of these different parameters at the equipment level made it possible to determine a chromatogram which highlights three chromatographic peaks with respective retention times (RT) of 0.773 min (unidentified compound), 2.275 min (PHG) and 7.269 min for an analysis time of 8 min with a better resolution of the peaks and baseline. The progressive optimization of different parameters such as the stationary phase (C18 YMC 150 mm * 4.6 mm - 3 μm), the proportion of the mobile phase: acetonitrile/water (80/20), the flow rate impelled by the pump (0.8 mL/min) and the modification of the analyte preparation mode (same amount of PHG and TPHG in a 50 mL volumetric flask) resulted in a final chromatogram that highlighted two chromatographic peaks at the respective RT of 2.391 min (PHG) and 3.735 min (TPHG) at a run time of 6 min. The chromatographic conditions that led to the final chromatogram can be used routinely by the pharmaceutical industry for the dete

关键词： PHG TPHG Pharmaceutical Industry Chromatographic Profile Chromatographic Peak

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Contribution of GIS to Soil Landscape Mapping by Multi-Criteria Analysis Using Weighting: The Case of the Square Degrees of M’Bahiakro (Centre) and Daloa (Centre-West) in Ivory Coast

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第1期14卷 101-116页

作者： Guy Fernand Yao Derving Baka Nestor Kouman Yao Kouakou Bala Mamadou Ouattara Kouadio amani Jean Lopez Essehi brou Kouame Albert Yao-Kouame Sustainable Soil Management and Water Control Program Central Laboratory Soils Water and Plants (LCSEP) National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Department of Soil Sciences Training and Research Unit for Earth Sciences and Mining Resources (UFR STRM) University Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny of Cocody-Abidjan Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Geography Training and Research Unit (UFR) Communication Environment and Society University Alassane Ouattara Bouaké Ivory Coast Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast

As part of the drive to improve coffee and cocoa production in Ivory Coast, studies are carried out to identify soils that are favourable for these crops. It is therefore necessary to orientate soil investigations based on reliable criteria that best discriminate soil cover. With this in mind, this study is being carried out to help improve survey methods by mapping soil landscapes. It uses GIS and weighted multicriteria analysis. To do this, satellite images were processed and the geological map of the square degrees of M’Bahiakro and Daloa was reclassified. The results show that relief is the main factor in soil landscape differentiation, with respective weights of 0.58 and 0.67 for the forest and pre-forest zones. In contrast, the weight of geological formation in soil landscape differentiation remains low (0.05 for the forest zone and 0.07 for the pre-forest zone). The criteria used on the base of aggregation sum methods have made it possible to formulate soil landscape mapping prediction functions according to agro-ecological environments in the humid intertropical zone. This is essential for the orientation of soil survey work. Nevertheless, other comparative methods, such as the coding mapping method, could provide elements for discussion to validate the models.

关键词： GIS Multi-Criteria Analysis Soil Landscapes M’Bahiakro Daloa Ivory Coast

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Response of the Maize Variety EV87-28 to a Fertilization Strategy Involving Indorama Granular Urea on Ferralsol in the Central Ivory Coast

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 187-208页

作者： Fernand Guy Yao Kouadio amani brou Kouame Jean Lopez Essehi Brahima Kone Kouadio Houphouet Cheikh Ahmed Diawara Bala Mamadou Ouattara Albert Yao-Kouame Central Laboratory Soils Water and Plants (LCSEP) National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) University Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny of Cocody-Abidjan Abidjan Ivory Coast Cotton Research Station National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Food Crops Research Station National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Department of Geography Unit of Training and Research (UFR) Communication Environment and Society University Alassane Ouattara Bouaké Ivory Coast

In Côte d’Ivoire, the decline in soil fertility strongly impacts the productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) on heavily leached ferralitic soil. In this study, the general objective was therefore to improve the productivity of maize EV87-28 on the Ferralsols in pre-forested areas during different cropping seasons. Eight (8) micro-plots were set up according to a total randomization device with three repetitions. Two factors were studied: nitrogen fertilizer modalities (main factor) and crop season (secondary factor). Growth, flowering and yield parameters were measured and analyzed. The results showed that there was no interaction between the nitrogen fertilizer factor and the cropping season factor. In addition, this study showed the short rainy season had the most positive impact on growth, flowering and yield parameters than the long rainy season. The results also showed that the different nitrogen fertilizer modalities had no statistically different effects on growth, flowering and yield parameters. However, quantitative differences were reported, highlighting one nitrogen fertilizer modality, which is the combination of urea granule + farm manure (75% urea indorama granules and 25% farm manure). The combination of urea granule + farm manure (75% urea indorama granules and 25% farm manure) had the best effect on corn grain yield. So, the combination of urea (75%) and manure (25%), that resulted in yield gain, could be recommended for corn fertilization during the small rainy season.

关键词： Indorama Granular Urea Ferralsol Cultural Seasons Maize Ivory Coast

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Effects of Calcium and Magnesium on Phosphorus Availability in Ferralsols and Rice Production in Forest Zones of Côte d’Ivoire

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 33-53页

作者： Guy Fernand Yao Brahima Kone Kouadio amani Franck Michaël Lemonou Bahan Jean Lopez Essehi brou Kouame François Lompo Albert Yao-Kouame National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) Central Laboratory Soils Water and Plants (LCSEP) Sustainable Soil and Water Management Program Bouaké C&ocircte d’Ivoire Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) Félix Houphou&eumlt-Boigny University Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) Man Research Station Rice Program Man C&ocircte d’Ivoire Environment and Agricultural Research Institute (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Phosphorus bioavailability has long been a recurring problem in tropical acid soils. A pot experiment was carried out during three (3) successive rice production cycles at Adiopodoumé to evaluate the response of the NERICA 5 rice accession to various doses of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous. The experiment was conducted using a randomized split-plot design. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Ca·ha-1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Mg·ha-1) and Togo natural phosphate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·P·ha-1) were determined at each production cycle. The results showed that single-dose natural phosphate supplementation for three cropping cycles resulted in an average enrichment of around 2 mg·P·kg-1 after each trial following its continuous dissolution, with an increase in DSP (33.31% to 70.52%). The study revealed one strategy for managing and enhancing native P with cations and another for exogenous P: there would be a synergy of Ca/Mg on native P, whereas an antagonism would characterize the two parameters in phosphate fertilization.

关键词： Soil Acidity Native and Exogenous Phosphorus Free Iron Ca/Mg Balances Rice Growing Côte d’Ivoire

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Multicriteria Analysis by Codification for the Determination of Soil Landscape Units in Forest and Pre-Forest Zones of Cote D’Ivoire: The Case of the Square Degrees of M’Bahiakro and Daloa

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第1期15卷 12-24页

作者： Guy Fernand Yao Derving Baka Koffi Emmauel Kassin Bala Mamadou Ouattara Nestor Kouman Yao Kouakou Kouadio amani Jean Lopez Essehi brou Kouame Albert Yao-Kouame National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Central Laboratory Soils Water and Plants (LCSEP) Sustainable Soil Management and Water Control Program Bouaké Ivory Coast Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Cocody-Abidjan Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Mondelez International Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Training and Research Unit (UFR) Communication Environment and Society Department of Geography University Alassane Ouattara Bouaké C&#244te d’Ivoire Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast

The present study, carried out in the forest (Daloa) and pre-forest (M’Bahiakro) zones of Cote d’Ivoire, aims to determine soil landscape units using the coding method. Geological maps and satellite images (SRTM and Landsat) were used for this purpose. The methodological approach adopted consisted in producing maps of slope, geology, land use and topography using the codification method. These various maps, integrated into a GIS using the coding aggregation method, were used to generate soil landscape maps. Twenty-seven (27) soil landscapes have been identified for the pre-forest zone (M’Bahiakro), with a strong dominance of acid rock over a moderate relief under savannah, forest/degraded forest and crops/fallow. However, the forest zone (Daloa), with forty-one (41) soil landscapes identified over the entire zone, is characterized by a majority of mafic rocks on a medium altitude under forest/degraded forest, water and crops/fallow. The criteria used from the codification method (sum of aggregations) made it possible to predict the spatial distribution of soil map units according to agro-ecological environments in the humid intertropical zone. This is essential for the orientation and reinforcement of soil survey tools. However, a comparative evaluation of the different multicriteria analysis methods for coding and weighting soil landscape unit mapping would enable us to identify the most suitable and efficient method for drawing up base maps for soil surveys.

关键词： GIS Multicriteria Analysis by Coding Soil Landscapes Daloa M’Bahiakro Cote D’Ivoire

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Calcium-Magnesium Ca/Mg Ratios and Their Agronomic Implications for the Optimization of Phosphate Fertilization in Rainfed Rice Farming on Acidic Ferralsol in the Forest Zone of Ivory Coast

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第1期14卷 81-96页

作者： Fernand G. Yao Brahima Kone Franck M. L. Bahan Kouadio amani Jean L. Essehi Mamadou B. Ouattara Konan E. B. Dibi brou Kouame François Lompo Albert Yao-Kouame Central Laboratory Soils Water and Plants (LCSEP) National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Soil Water and Geomaterials Sciences Laboratory (LS2EG) Cocody-Abidjan Earth Sciences and Mining Resources Training and Research Unit (UFR STRM) Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny University Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Rice Program Man Research Station National Center for Agronomic Research (CNRA) Man Ivory Coast Department of Geography Unit of Training and Research (UFR) Communication Environment and Society University Alassane Ouattara Bouaké Ivory Coast Food Crops Research Station (SRCV) National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Bouaké Ivory Coast Institute of the Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha−1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha−1) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha−1 of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha−1) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha−1) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha−1 for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha−1, 34 kg Mg ha−1 in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha−1, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Soil Acidity Ca/Mg Ratios Phosphate Fertilization Rice Growing Ivory Coast

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Contribution of GIS to Soil Landscape Mapping by Multi-Criteria Analysis Using Weighting: The Case of the Square Degrees of M’Bahiakro (Centre) and Daloa (Centre-West) in Ivory Coast

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Open Journal of Geology（地质学期刊） 2024年第1期

作者： Guy Fernand Yao Derving Baka Nestor Kouman Yao Kouakou Bala Mamadou Ouattara Kouadio amani Jean Lopez Essehi brou Kouame Albert Yao-Kouame

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Response of the Maize Variety EV87-28 to a Fertilization Strategy Involving Indorama Granular Urea on Ferralsol in the Central Ivory Coast

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Agricultural Sciences（农业科学） 2024年第1期

作者： Fernand Guy Yao Kouadio amani brou Kouame Jean Lopez Essehi Brahima Kone Kouadio Houphouet Cheikh Ahmed Diawara Bala Mamadou Ouattara Albert Yao-Kouame

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Multicriteria Analysis by Codification for the Determination of Soil Landscape Units in Forest and Pre-Forest Zones of Cote D’Ivoire: The Case of the Square Degrees of M’Bahiakro and Daloa

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International Journal of Geosciences（地球科学国际期刊） 2024年第1期

作者： Guy Fernand Yao Derving Baka Koffi Emmauel Kassin Bala Mamadou Ouattara Nestor Kouman Yao Kouakou Kouadio amani Jean Lopez Essehi brou Kouame Albert Yao-Kouame

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Calcium-Magnesium Ca/Mg Ratios and Their Agronomic Implications for the Optimization of Phosphate Fertilization in Rainfed Rice Farming on Acidic Ferralsol in the Forest Zone of Ivory Coast

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Open Journal of Soil Science（土壤科学期刊） 2024年第1期

作者： Fernand G.Yao Brahima Kone Franck M.L.Bahan Kouadio amani Jean L.Essehi Mamadou B.Ouattara Konan E.B.Dibi brou Kouame François Lompo Albert Yao-Kouame

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