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Updates in penile prosthesis infections

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第1期22卷 28-33页

作者： amanda R Swanton Ricardo m munarriz martin S Gross Department of Surgery Section of UrologyDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical CenterLebanonNH 03766USA Department of Urology Boston Medical CenterBostonMA02118USA

Inflatable penile prostheses are an important tool in the treatment of medically refractory erectile dysfunction.One of the major complications associated with these prostheses is infections,which ultimately require device explanation and placement of a new device.Over the past several decades,significant work has been done to reduce infection rates and optimize treatment strategies to reduce patient morbidity.This article reviews the current state of knowledge surrounding penile prosthesis infections,with attention to the evidence for methods to prevent infection and best practices for device reimplantation.

关键词： erectile dysfunction infection penile prosthesis

Translating translational research： mouse models of human disease

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2013年第5期10卷 373-374页

作者： amanda m Burkhardt Department of Physiology and Biophysics School of Medicine University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA Institute for Immunology University of California Irvine Irvine CA USA

Translational research has become increasingly popular in recent years.Within the field of medical research, ani- mal models are considered valuable research tools that provide insight into the complex world of human diseases. Inbred animals eliminate several of the challenges of human studies and allow researchers to conduct disease research on, arguably, the most controlled model system possible. The ease with which ani- mal models allow us to advance research often leads us to ignore the possibility that these studies may only provide limited translational potential to humans.

关键词：超声心动描记术翻译生物医学研究研究人员动物人类小鼠

Investigating neurogenic bowel in experimental spinal cord injury: where to begin?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第2期14卷 222-226页

作者： amanda R.White Gregory m.Holmes Department of Neural & Behavioral Sciences Penn State University College of Medicine

The devastating losses following traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI) encompass the motor, sensory and autonomic nervous systems. Neurogenic bowel is a slow transit colonic dysfunction marked by constipation, rectal evacuation difficulties, decreased anorectal sensation, fecal incontinence or some combination thereof. Furthermore, neurogenic bowel is one of the most prevalent comorbidities of SCI and is recognized by afflicted individuals and caregivers as a lifelong physical and psychological challenge that profoundly affects quality of life. The restoration of post-injury control of movement has received considerable scientific scrutiny yet the daily necessity of voiding the bowel and bladder remains critically under-investigated. Subsequently, physicians and caregivers are rarely presented with consistent, evidence-based strategies to successfully address the consequences of dysregulated voiding reflexes. Neurogenic bowel is commonly believed to result from the interruption of the supraspinal control of the spinal autonomic circuits regulating the colon. In this mini-review, we discuss the clinical challenges presented by neurogenic bowel and emerging pre-clinical evidence that is revealing that SCI also initiates functional remodeling of the colonic wall concurrent with a decrease in local enteric neurons. Since the enteric input to the colonic smooth muscle is the final common pathway for functional contractions of the colon, changes to the neuromuscular interface must first be understood in order to maximize the efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting colonic dysfunction following SCI.

关键词： colon enteric nervous system parasympathetic sympathetic autonomic nervous system defecationreflexes gastrointestinal inflammation constipation incontinence

Exploring overweight and obesity beyond body mass index:A body composition analysis in people with and without patellofemoral pain

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第5期12卷 630-638,F0003页

作者： amanda Schenatto Ferreira Benjamin F mentiplay Bianca Taborda marcella Ferraz Pazzinatto Fabio mıcolis de Azevedo Danilo De Oliveira Silva Department of Physiotherapy School of Science and TechnologySao Paulo State University(UNESP)Presidente Prudente 19060-900Brazil La Trobe Sport and Exercise medicine Research Centre School of Allied HealthHuman Services and SportLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia

Background:We compared body mass index(BmI),body fat,and skeletal muscle mass between(1) a mixed-sex nonathletic cohort of people with patellofemoral pain(PFP) and pain-free people,and(2) a nonathletic cohort of people with PFP and pain-free people subgrouped by sex(i.e.,men and women with PFP vs.pain-free men and women).methods:This cross-sectional study included 114 people with PFP(71 women,43 men) and 54 pain-free controls(32 women,22 men).All participants attended a single testing session to assess body composition measures,which included BmI,percentage of body fat(%BFBioimpedance),and skeletal muscle mass(both assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis),and percentage of body fat(%BFskinfoid)(assessed by skinfold caliper analysis).A one-way univariate analysis of covariance(age and physical activity levels as covariates) was used to compare body composition measures between groups(i.e.,PFP vs.pain-free group;women with PFP vs.pain-free women;men with PFP vs.pain-free men).Results:Women with PFP presented significantly higher BmI,%BFBiompedance,and %BFSkinfold,and lower skeletal muscle mass compared to pain-free women(p≤0.04;effect size:-0.47 to 0.85).men with PFP and men and women combined had no differences in BmI,%BFBioimpedance,%BFSkinfold,and skeletal muscle mass compared to their respective pain-free groups(p> 0.05).Conclusion:Our findings indicate that BmI and body composition measures should be considered as part of the evaluation and management of people with PFP,especially in women,who have demonstrated higher BmI and body fat and lower skeletal muscle mass compared to pain-free controls.Future studies should not assess body composition measures in a mixed-sex population without distinguishing men participants from women participants.

关键词： Body composition Body mass index Patellofemoral pain syndrome Skinfold thicknessTagedEnd

Overweight and obesity in young adults with patellofemoral pain:Impact on functional capacity and strength

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第2期12卷 202-211页

作者： amanda Schenatto Ferreira Benjamin Fmentiplay Bianca Taborda marcella Ferraz Pazzinatto Fábio mícolis de Azevedo Danilo de Oliveira Silva Department of Physiotherapy School of Science and TechnologySao Paulo State University(UNESP)Presidente Prudente19060-900Brazil La Trobe Sport and Exercise medicine Research Centre School of Allied HealthHuman Services and SportLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVIC 3086Australia

Purpose:This study aimed to(a)investigate the proportion of overweight/obesity in a cohort of young adults with patellofemoral pain(PFP)and(b)explore the association of body mass index(BmI),body fat,and lean mass with functional capacity and hip and knee strength in people with PFP.methods:We included a mixed-sex sample of young adults(18-35 years old)with PFP(n=100).measurements for BmI,percentage of body fat,and lean mass(assessed by bioelectrical impedance)were obtained.Functional capacity was assessed by the Anterior Knee Pain Scale,plank test,and single-leg hop test.Strength of the knee extensors,knee flexors,and hip abductors was evaluated isometrically using an isokinetic dynamometer.The proportion of overweight/obesity was calculated based on BmI.The association between BmI,body fat,and lean mass and functional capacity and strength was investigated using partial correlations,followed by hierarchical regression analysis,adjusted for covariates(sex,bilateral pain,and current pain level).Results:A total of 38%of our cohort had their BmI categorized as overweight/obese.Higher BmI was associated with poor functional capacity(ΔR^(2)=0.06-0.12,pmass was associated with poor functional capacity(ΔR^(2)=0.04-0.13,p≤0.032)and reduced strength(ΔR^(2)=0.29-0.31,pmI,body fat,and lean mass should be considered in the assessment and management of young people with PFP because it may be detrimental to function and strength.

关键词： Body fat distribution Body mass index Patellofemoral pain syndrome Torque

Characterization of seawater and aerosol particle surfactants using solid phase extraction and mass spectrometry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第10期33卷 164-174页

作者： Tret C.Burdette amanda A.Frossard Department of Chemistry University of Georgia140 Cedar StreetAthensGA30606USA

Surface-active organic molecules(surfactants)may influence the ability of an aerosol particle to act as a cloud condensation nuclei by reducing its surface tension.One source of organic mass in aerosol particles,which may also contain surfactants,is bubble bursting on the sea surface.In order to directly compare these molecules in the ocean and aerosol particles,we developed a method using multiple solid phase extractions and high resolution mass spectrometry to characterize surface active organic molecules in both.This method has extraction efficiencies greater than 85%,75%,and 60%for anionic,cationic,and nonionic surfactant standards,respectively.In this study,we demonstrate the presence of three ionic classes of surface active organics in atmospheric aerosol particles and estuarine water from Skidaway Island,GA.With this extraction method,organic molecules from both estuarine water and atmospheric aerosol particles significantly reduced surface tension of pure water(surface tension depression of~18 m N/m)and had high ratios of hydrogen to carbon(H/C)and low ratios of oxygen to carbon(O/C),indicative of surfactants.While previous work has observed a larger fraction of anionic surface active organics in seawater and marine aerosol particles,here we show cationic surface active organics may make up a large fraction of the total surface active molecules in estuarine water(43%–47%).

关键词： Solid phase extraction Organic aerosol particles marine organics mass spectrometry Surfactants

Haplotype phasing after joint estimation of recombination and linkage disequilibrium in breeding populations

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第1期5卷 38-52页

作者： Luis Gomez-Raya amanda m Hulse David Thain Wendy m Rauw Departamento de mejora Genética Animal Instituto Nacional deInvestigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics Texas A&M University College Station Department of Animal Biotechnology University of Nevada

A novel method for haplotype phasing in families after joint estimation of recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium is developed. Results from monte Carlo computer simulations show that the newly developed E.m. algorithm is accurate if true recombination fraction is 0 even for single families of relatively small sizes. Estimates of recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium were 0.00 （SD 0.00） and 0.19 （SD 0.03） for simulated recombination fraction and linkage disequilibrium of 0.00 and 0.20, respectively. A genome fragmentation phasing strategy was developed and used for phasing haplotypes in a sire and 36 progeny using the 50 k Illumina BeadChip by： a） estimation of the recombination fraction and LD in consecutive SNPs using family information, b） linkage analyses between fragments, c） phasing of haplotypes in parents and progeny and in following generations. Homozygous SNPs in progeny allowed determination of paternal fragment inheritance, and deduction of SNP sequence information of haplotypes from dams. The strategy also allowed detection of genotyping errors. A total of 613 recombination events were detected after linkage analysis was carried out between fragments. Hot and cold spots were identified at the individual （sire level）. SNPs for which the sire and calf were heterozygotes became informative （over 90%） after the phasing of haplotypes. Average of regions of identity between half-sibs when comparing its maternal inherited haplotypes （with at least 20 SNP） in common was 0.11 with a maximum of 0.29 and a minimum of 0.05. A monte-Carlo simulation of BTA1 with the same linkage disequilibrium structure and genetic linkage as the cattle family yielded a 99.98 and 99.94% of correct phases for informative SNPs in sire and calves, respectively.

关键词： Breeding Haplotype phasing Linkage disequilibrium SNP

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结直肠癌分子分型及其潜在临床意义

Gastroenterology Report 2015年第4期3卷 269-276,I0001页

作者： Jonathan m.Kocarnik Stacey Shiovitz amanda I.Phipps Public Health Sciences Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA Epidemiology Department University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Clinical Research Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleWAUSA Department of medicine Division of Medical OncologyUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA

结直肠癌是一种具有多种可能发生途径的异质性疾病。这种异质性对于结直肠癌的预后和临床治疗具有非常重要的意义。因此,结直肠癌发生风险和预后的流行病学研究,以及治疗相关的临床试验,对于结直肠癌分子分型这个问题都非常重视。本文... 详细信息

结直肠癌是一种具有多种可能发生途径的异质性疾病。这种异质性对于结直肠癌的预后和临床治疗具有非常重要的意义。因此,结直肠癌发生风险和预后的流行病学研究,以及治疗相关的临床试验,对于结直肠癌分子分型这个问题都非常重视。本文描述了可反映结直肠癌异质性且受到广泛研究的4种肿瘤标记物:微卫星不稳定性(mSI)或DNA错配修复(mmR)缺失、CpG岛甲基化表型(CImP)、BRAF突变及KRAS突变。这些肿瘤标记物已被证实可以更好地定义结直肠癌的流行病学特征,而且也越来越多地应用于指导临床治疗决策。除了这些传统的肿瘤标记物外,我们还简述了一些具有潜在临床价值的新型标记物。最终,我们应认清,所有的肿瘤标记物并不是单独作用,而是可以通过有机组合成为肿瘤分子分型。本文综述了几种结直肠癌病因学通道假说的研究进展,并对其各自的临床意义进行了深入探讨。

关键词：结直肠癌微卫星不稳定 CpG岛甲基化表型 KRAS BRAF 治疗流行病学

Assortative mating and self-fertilization differ in their contributions to reinforcement, cascade speciation, and diversification

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Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 169-181页

作者： Dean m. CASTILLO amanda K. GIBSON Leonie C. mOYLE Department of Biology 1001 East Third Street Indiana University Bloomington IN 47405 USA

Cascade speciation and reinforcement can evolve rapidly when traits are pleiotropic and act as both signal/cue in nonrandom mating. Here, we examine the contribution of two key traits-assortative mating and self-fertilization-to reinforcement and (by extension) cascade speciation. First, using a population genetic model of reinforcement we find that both assortative mating and self-fertilization can make independent contributions to increased reproductive isolation, consistent with reinforcement. Self-fertilization primarily evolves due to its 2-fold transmission advantage when inbreeding depression () is lower ( multaneously, increased self-fertilization often prohibits the evolution of assortative mating. We infer that, under specific conditions, mating system transitions are more likely to lead to increased reproductive isolation and initiate cascade speciation, than assortative mating. Based on the results of our simulations, we hypothesized that transitions to self-fertilization could contribute to clade-wide diversification if reinforcement or cascade speciation is common. We tested this hypothesis with comparative data from two different groups. Consistent with our hypothesis, there was a trend towards uniparental reproduction being associated with increased diversification rate in the Nematode phylum. For the plant genus , however, self-fertilization was associated with reduced diversification. Reinforcement driving speciation via transitions to self-fertilization might be short lived or unsustainable across macroevolutionary scales in some systems (some plants), but not others (such as nematodes), potentially due to differences in susceptibility to inbreeding depression and/or the ability to transition between reproductive modes.

关键词：随机交配多元化施肥形态选型级联生殖隔离近交衰退