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Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 578-582页

作者： Markley Silva Oliveira Junior Laura Reiche emerson Daniele Ines Kortebi Maryam Faiz Patrick Küry Department of Neurology Neuroregeneration laboratoryMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoCanada Division of Anatomy Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada

Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and *** response to injury and disease,astrocytes are integral to the immunological-and the,albeit limited,repair *** this review,we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal *** will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate ***,we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.

关键词： astrocytes demyelination drug-based therapies myelin repair oligodendrocyte precursor cells reactive astrogliosis

Morphological traits explain the individual position within resource-consumer networks of a Neotropical marsupial

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 453-464页

作者： Nicholas F.de Camargo Hernani F.M.de Oliveira Juliana F.Ribeiro Amabilio J.A.de Camargo emerson M.Vieira Laboratorio de Ecologia de Vertebrados Departamento de EcologiaInstituto de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade de BrasiliaCP 04457BrasiliaDF70910-900Brazil Departamento de Zoologia Setor de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade Federal do ParanaAvenida Coronel Francisco Heraclito dos Santos100CuritibaPR81531980Brazil Embrapa Cerrados Rodovia BR020km 18CP 08223PlanaltinaDE73310-970Brazil

Knowledge regarding the influence of individual traits on interaction patterns in nature can help understand the topological role of individuals within a network of intrapopulation *** tested hypotheses on the relationships between individuals'positions within networks(specialization and centrality)of 4 populations of the mouse opossum Gracilinanus agilis and their traits(i.e.,body length,body condition,tail length relative to body length,sex,reproductive condition,and botfly parasitism)and also seasonal effects in the Brazilian *** with lower body length,better body condition,and relatively shorter tail were more specialized(i.e.,less connected within the network).Individuals were also more specialized and less connected during the warm-wet *** relationship between individuals'position in the network and body traits,however,was independent of *** propose that specialization may arise not only as a result of preferred feed-ing strategies by more capable individuals(i.e.,those with better body condition and potentially prone to defend and access high-quality food resources)but alsobecause of morphological ***/younger individuals(consequently with less experience in foraging)and short-tailed individuals(less skilled to explore the vertical strata of the vegetation)would feed only on a subset of the available food resources and consequently become more ***,individuals are more specialized during the warm-wet season because of high competition(population-dense period)and higher ecological opportunities(resource-rich period).Therefore,our study reveals the relevance of individual traits inshaping interactionpatternsandspecialization inpopulations.

关键词： bodytraits centrality Cerrado Gracilinanus agilis seasonality specialization.

Serum ferritin and the risk of early-onset colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第8期16卷 3496-3506页

作者： Adam L Urback Kylee Martens Hannah Stowe McMurry emerson Y Chen Caitlin Citti Anil Sharma Adel Kardosh Joseph J Shatzel Division of Internal Medicine Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States Division of Gastroenterology&Hepatology Oregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandOR 97239United States

BACKGROUND The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer(EO-CRC)is rising in the United States,and is often diagnosed at advanced *** serum ferritin is often incidentally discovered in young adults,however,the indication for endoscopy in EO-CRC is *** To compare serum ferritin between patients with EO-CRC and healthy controls(HCs),and examine the association of serum ferritin in EO-CRC with patient-and disease-specific *** A retrospective study of patients<50 years with newly-diagnosed EO-CRC was conducted from 1/2013-12/*** were included if serum ferritin was measured within 2 years prior to 1 year following CRC histologic *** supplement the analysis,a cohort of HCs meeting similar inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified for comparison.A sensitivity analysis including only patients with serum ferritin obtained at or before diagnosis was separately performed to minimize risk of *** Among 85 patients identified with EO-CRC(48 females),the median serum ferritin level was 26 ng/mL(range<1-2759 ng/mL).Compared to HCs(n=80211),there were a higher proportion of individuals with EO-CRC with serum ferritin<20 ng/mL(female 65%,male 40%)versus HCs(female 32.1%,male 7.2%)age 29-39 years(P=0.002 and P<0.00001,respectively).Stage IV disease was associated with significantly higher serum ferritin compared to less advanced stages(P<0.001).Serum ferritin obtained before or at the time of diagnosis was lower than levels obtained after *** findings were confirmed in the sensitivity *** Severe iron deficiency may indicate an increased risk of EO-CRC,particularly at earlier *** studies defining the optimal serum ferritin threshold and routine incorporation of serum ferritin in screening algorithms is essential to develop more effective screening strategies for EO-CRC.

关键词： Early-onset Young-onset Colorectal cancer Age Ferritin Iron deficiency

Biodiversity Assessment of Avifauna in the Forest Reservation of Aurora State College of Technology (ASCOT), Philippines

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Open Journal of Ecology 2024年第4期14卷 292-308页

作者： Afed S. Daiwey Heherson B. Ong emerson V. Barcellano Edmundo C. Gumpal Michelle Ann M. Calubaquib Rafael J. Padre School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences Aurora State College of Technology Baler Philippines College of Forestry and Environmental Science Isabela State University Cabagan Philippines College of Agriculture Isabela State University Cabagan Philippines College of Engineering Isabela State University Echague Philippines

The research study was conducted to assess and quantify the current status of avifauna biodiversity assets of Aurora State College of Technology’s Forest Reservation in Baler, Aurora, Philippines. Assessment of avifaunal diversity was undertaken by traversing the four established circular plots having a radius of 125 meters or 250 meters diameters each as permanent monitoring stations. Study revealed a total number of 151 Individual species, classified into 23 genera and 21 families. Eighteen of these species are endemic while the remaining five were fully migrated birds. All birds observed were classified as Least Concern (LC) species according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species and the updated list of the Birds of the World online. Its abundance, richness and diversity index were calculated using Shannon Diversity Index (H') while Pielou’s evenness (J') for distribution of species. Forest reservation of ASCOT has more even (0.756 J') and moderate diversity (2.812 H') observation on avifauna in general. However, this avian population evaluation was threatened into a verge of extinction due to natural and anthropological threats that causes forest deforestation. Such deforestation of habitat causes dwindling of wildlife territory leading to the scarcity of bird’s population. Thus, the assessment was conducted to aid ASCOT administration find significant plans to ensure sustainable conservation and protection of the remaining avifauna species in the reservation area.

关键词： Biodiversity Avifauna Abundance Species Richness Species Diversity

Bugs improve nerve regeneration: fasting-induced, microbiome-derived metabolite enhances peripheral nerve regeneration

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第11期7卷 3978-3979页

作者： Zerina Kurtovic Camilla I.Svensson emerson Krock Department.of Physiology and Pharmacology Centre for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetSolna17177Sweden Kancera AB Karolinska Institutet Science ParkSolna17165Sweden

In a recent study published in Nature,Serger et *** intermittent fasting(IF)to gut microbiome alterations and enhanced peripheral nerve regeneration following injury.1 Fasting has been purported to have neuroregenerative effects,but the underlying mechanisms remained *** authors found that IF-induced elevation of IPA(a microbiome-derived metabolite)promotes neutrophil infiltration into the dorsal root ganglia(DRG),which enhances the regeneration of sciatic nerve fibers(Fig.1).

关键词： connected fibers ported

Chronological Age and Performance in Paralympic Powerlifters: Differences Between Sexes, Competition, and Weight Categories

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第1期5卷 53-61页

作者： João Paulo Lopes-Silva Dillon Richardson emerson Franchini Applied Research Group Performance and Health CESMAC University CenterMaceióAlagoasBrazil International Paralympic Committee(IPC) BonnGermany Sport Department School of Physical Education and SportUniversity of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

Purpose We quantified the chronological age and performance of Paralympic powerlifters competing at the elite level in the World Championships(WC)and Paralympic Games(PG),and examined the age-related differences between sexes,weight categories,and competition *** This was a retrospective study involving 3107 athletes who took part in the last eight WC and six *** pow-erlifters were divided by sex,chronological age,weight category,and competition *** Overall,males were older(33 years)and stronger(lifting 168 kg)than female(32 years and lifting 96 kg,respec-tively)para powerlifters(P<0.05).Male and female para powerlifters lifted heavier loads in the PG(174 and 103 kg,respectively)than in WC(163 and 93 kg,respectively)and medallists were younger(31 and 30 years for females and males,respectively)than non-medallists(33 and 32 years for females and males,respectively)(P<0.05).Para powerlifters compet-ing in lighter categories were younger when compared to heavier categories(P<0.05),but their relative load was heavier compared to heavier competitors(P<0.05).Conclusion Our results show that medallists were younger(31 and 30 years)than non-medallists(33 and 32 years)for females and males,respectively.

关键词： Data analysis Para athletes Sports performance Gender

Assessment of the Anaerobic Speed Reserve during Specific High-Intensity Exercise in Judo Athletes

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第3期4卷 266-274页

作者： emerson Franchini Rafael Lima Kons Valéria Leme Gonçalves Panissa Daniele Detanico Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group School of Physical Education and SportUniversity of São PauloSão PauloBrazil Biomechanics Laboratory Center of SportsFederal University of Santa CatarinaFlorianópolisSC 88040-900Brazil

Purpose This study aimed to describe self-selected intensity and its relationship to performance during a high-intensity all-out judo protocol,and to verify whether athletes with different anaerobic speed reserve(ASR)perform differently during a high-intensity all-out interval uchi-komi(judo-specific skill).Methods We analyzed the performance of 28 judo athletes as a whole group and divided into groups,according to their *** performed several judo-specific protocols using a specific skill:maximal speed sprint(MSS)and maximal aerobic speed(MAS),and high-intensity intermittent uchi-komi protocol(12×20 s all-out:10 s passive recovery).Results The main results demonstrated a decrease in the number of repetitions and an increase in heart rate across the *** with greater ASR performed a higher number of repetitions,compared to the low ASR group,and they were able to exercise at a higher percentage of the MAS(low ASR=126%;SD=13%;high ASR=152%,SD=l9%)and at a lower percentage of MSS compared to the low ASR group(low ASR=84%,SD=7%;high ASR=76%,SD=11%).However,both groups exercised at a similar percentage of their own ASR during the protocol(low ASR=50%,SD=20%;high ASR=53%,SD=19%).Conclusions Athletes with different ASR seem to set their pace at around 50%of their ASR within an all-out uchi-komi ***,the ASR is useful for predicting performance during high-intensity judo-specific interval exercise intervals.

关键词： Combat sports Rating of perceived exertion Pace All-out exercise

Temporal niche overlap among insectivorous small mammals

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Integrative Zoology 2011年第4期6卷 375-386页

作者： emerson M.VIEIRA Gabriela PAISE Laboratory of Ecology of Mammals ZoologyUniversity of Vale do Rio dos SinosSão LeopoldoBrazil Graduate Program of Ecology University of CampinasCampinasBrazil

Being active in the same environment at different times exposes animals to the effects of very different environmental factors,both biotic and *** the present study,we used live traps equipped with timing devices to evaluate the potential role of biotic factors(competition and food abundance)on overall overlap in the temporal niche axis of 4 insectivorous small mammals in high-elevation grassland fields(‘campos de altitude’)of southern *** on resources availability(invertebrates),data on animal captures were pooled in 2 seasons:‘scarcity’(June 2001−September 2001)and‘abundance’(November 2001-May 2002)*** tested for non-random structure in temporal niche overlap among the species in each *** species were the rodents Oxymycterus nasutus(Waterhouse,1837),Deltamys sp.,Akodon azarae(Fischer,1829),and the marsupial Monodelphis brevicaudis Olfers,*** studied community was mainly diurnal with crepuscular *** using the Pianka index of niche overlap indicated that the empirical assemblage-wide overlap was not significantly different from randomly generated patterns in the abundance season but significantly greater than expected by chance alone in the scarcity *** the species showed an increase in temporal niche breadth during the abundance season,which appears to be related to longer daylength and high nocturnal *** on both temporal niche overlap and temporal niche breadth were the opposite to those that we were expecting in the case of diel activity patterns determined by competition for dietary ***,we conclude that competition did not seem to be preponderant for determining patterns of temporal niche overlap by the studied community.

关键词： activity patterns Brazil chronoecology community structure competition niche partitioning

Differences in Judo Attack Systems Between Weight Categories

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 263-273页

作者： Daniel Brandão Kashiwagura Javier Courel-Ibáñez Felipe Brandão Kashiwagura Marcus Fábio Agostinho emerson Franchini Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group School of Physical Education and SportSport DepartmentUniversity of São PauloAv.Prof.Mello Morais65Cidade UniversitáriaSão PauloSP 05508-030Brazil Faculty of Sport Sciences University of MurciaMurciaSpain Brazilian Judo Confederation Rio de JaneiroBrazil

Purpose In judo,athletes compete based on weight categories,which are required to adapt the training process accordingly,but not enough research is present to understand their *** present study aimed to verify the differences in judo attack systems performed between the seven male weight categories in world-class *** A cohort of 5847 attack systems from 1106 international judo matches was *** Chi-square auto-matic interaction detector was used to identify the association between the variables tori approach(attacker),uke approach(defender),tori’s grip,stance and direction of *** The main results showed that:(1)the grip is the main predictor of attack systems;(2)laterality exerts a strong influence on attack systems;(3)the≤81 kg and>100 kg categories were differentiated by the use of unconventional grips;(4)the≤60 kg used more kenka-yotsu(opposite sides)right stance with the Only Right Hand grip;(5)the≤81 kg category used more the ai-yotsu(same side)left stance with the Only Left Hand *** The results reported from this study can help coaches and athletes in choosing the best technical-tactical actions when developing combat strategies.

关键词： Martial arts Decision tree Analysis Athletes Judoka Fight dynamics