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Behavioral differences within and among populations of an African cichlid found in divergent and extreme environments

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current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 33-42页

作者： Richard c. Oldham Lauren M. Pintor Suzanne M. Gray School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Animals are increasingly faced with human?induced stressors that vary in space and time, thus we can expect populati on-level diverge nee in behaviors that help animals to cope with en vironme ntal change. However, empirical evidenee of behavioral trait divergence across environmental extremes is lacking. We tested for variation in behavioral traits among 2 populations of an African cichlid fish (Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae Seegers, 1990) that experience extremes of dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity and are known to vary in a number of physiological and life history traits associated with these stressors. Using a comm on garden reari ng experime nt, F1 progeny from wild-caught parents originating from a swamp (low DO, clear) and a river (high DO, turbid) were reared in high DO, clear water. Predator simulation assays were conducted to test for (1) variation in boldness, general activity, and foraging activity between populations,(2) differences in correlations betwee n behaviors with in and across populati ons, and (3) repeatability of behaviors. There was strong evide nee for diverge nee betwee n populati ons, with swamp fish being more bold (i.e.z leaving refuge sooner after a simulated predator attack) and active (i.e., spent more time out of refuge) than river fish. Across populations there were positive correlations between foraging activity and both boldness and general activity;however, within populations, there was only a strong positive relationship between foraging activity and boldness in the river population. Here, we have demonstrated that populations that originate from drastically different environments can produce proge ny that exhibit measurable differences in behaviors and their correlated relati on ships eve n whe n reared un der comm on conditions.

关键词： behavioral correlation behavioral syndrome boldness hypoxia pace of life turbidity

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MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION IN PTFE AS A FUNcTION OF MELT TIME AND TEMPERATURE——Ⅱ.LOW MOLEcULAR WEIGHT FOLDED cHAIN SINGLE cRYSTALS AND BAND STRUcTURES

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2005年第2期23卷 137-145页

作者： J.YangandP.H.Geil T.c.LongandP.Xu DepartmentofMaterialsScienceandEngineering UniversityoflUinois1304W.GreenSt.UrbanaIL61801 W.L.Gore＆Assocs. Inc.W.L.Gore＆Assocs.Inc.P.O.Box1220ElktonMD21921USA

The effect of sintering dispersed and bulk,low molecular weight(M_n=50,000 Da),nano-emulsionpolytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)particles near their melting point is *** the nascent particles consisting of ca.75 nm diameter,hexagonal,single crystals,sintering at,e.g.,350℃,results,initially,in merger of neighboring particles,followed by individual molecular motion on the substrate and the formation of folded chain,lamellar single crystals andspherulites,and on-edge *** is suggested these structures develop,with time,in the mesomorphic“melt”.Sintering ofthe bulk resin yields extended chain,band structures,as well as folded chain lamellae;end-surface to end-surface merger,possibly by end-to-end polymerization,occurs with increasing time.

关键词： Polytetrafluoroethylene Nano-emulsion Single crystals Spherulites Banded structures Extended chain crystals Sintering.

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Synsepalum dulcificum extracts exhibit cytotoxic activity on human colorectal cancer cells and upregulate c-fos and c-jun early apoptotic gene expression

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2018年第3期8卷 173-178页

作者： Jichang Seong Glenn G.Oyong Esperanza c.cabrera Biology Department De La Salle University Molecular Science Unit Laboratory Center for Natural Science and Environmental Research De La Salle University

Objective: To explore cytotoxicity of Synsepalum dulcificum(S. dulcificum) Daniell(Sapotaceae) on human colon cancer(HcT-116 and HT-29), human monocytic leukemia(THP-1) and normal(HDFn) cell lines, and its effect on the expression of early apoptotic genes, c-fos and c-jun. Methods: Leaf, stem and berry of S. dulcificum were separately extracted by using 2 solvents, 10% ethanol(EtOH) and 80% methanol(MeOH). PrestoB lue~? cell viability assay and q RT-PcR assay were conducted to examine the above objectives respectively. Results: Stem MeOH, stem EtOH, and berry EtOH extracts of S. dulcificum were cytotoxic to HcT-116 and HT-29 human colon cancer cells. For HcT-116, Ic_(50) values of these 3 extracts were not significantly different(P>0.05) from that of the positive control bleomycin(Ic_(50) of 33.57 μg/mL), while for HT-29, Ic_(50) values of these 3 extracts were significantly lower(Pcin(Ic_(50) of 25.24 μg/mL). None of the extracts were cytotoxic to the THP-1 monocytic leukemia cells and HDFn normal human dermal fibroblasts. For both HcT-116 and HT-29, these extracts significantly up-regulated(Pc-fos and c-jun compared to the untreated negative control. conclusions: The results of this study suggest that cytotoxicity of stem MeOH, stem EtOH, and berry EtOH extracts of S. dulcificum on HcT-116 and HT-29 colon cancer cells is due to the induced apoptosis which is caused by the up-regulation of the expression of early apoptotic genes, c-fos and c-jun.

关键词： Synsepalum dulcificum colon cancer Monocytic leukemia Apoptosis c-fos c-jun

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Molecular genetics of ependymoma

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chinese Journal of cancer 2011年第10期30卷 669-681页

作者： Yuan Yao Stephen c. Mack Michael D. Taylor Division of Neurosurgery Arthur and Sonia LabattBrain Tumour Research Centre Hospital for Sick Children TorontoOntario Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.

Brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in children,with ependymoma being the third most common and posing a significant clinical *** mechanism of pathogenesis,reliable prognostic indicators,and effective treatments other than surgical resection have all remained *** recently,ependymoma research was hindered by the small number of tumors available for study,low resolution of cytogenetic techniques,and lack of cell lines and animal *** heterogeneity,which manifests as variations in tumor location,patient age,histological grade,and clinical behavior,together with the observation of a balanced genomic profile in up to 50% of cases,presents additional challenges in understanding the development and progression of this *** these difficulties,we have made significant headway in the past decade in identifying the genetic alterations and pathways involved in ependymoma tumorigenesis through collaborative efforts and the application of microarray-based genetic(copy number) and transcriptome profiling *** characterization of ependymoma unraveled distinct mRNA-defined subclasses and led to the identification of radial glial cells as its cell type of *** review summarizes our current knowledge in the molecular genetics of ependymoma and proposes future research directions necessary to further advance this field.

关键词：分子遗传学室管膜肿瘤发生发病机制手术切除动物模型遗传变异遗传特性

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Design,construction,and thermal performamce evaluation of an innovative bio-based ventilated facade

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2020年第3期9卷 681-696页

作者： Ester Pujadas-Gispert Mohammed Alsailani K.c.A.van Dijk(Koen) A.D.K.Rozema(Annine) J.P.ten Hoope(Puck) c.c.Korevaar(carmen) S.P.G.Moonen(Faas) Department of the Built Environment Eindhoven University of Technology5612AZEindhoventhe Netherlands

The energy consumption of the construction sector and its overall environmental impact has greater potential for improvement than those of many other *** energy consumed throughout the lifecycle of a building is expended during its operation and maintenance,for which the building envelope plays an important *** study reports on the design,construction,and thermal performance evaluation of a ventilated *** facade should be quickly assembled,disassembled,and stored in containers for easy onward *** features comply with the Rules and Buildins code of the Solar Decathlon Middle East 2018 and the relevant *** facade is constructed using bio-based materials in keeping with the principles of a circular *** exterior cladding consists of sanitary paper,grass,reeds,recycled textiles,drinking water treatment waste,bio-based polyester resin,and other *** and the air velocity measurements recorded on the facade in Dubai showed that the facade had contributed to cool temperatures within the apartment,particularly during the hottest hours of the *** facade is a promising option for climates with hot summers and mild winters as it contributes to reducing energy consumption and the environmental impact of building materials.

关键词： Sustainable Energy-efficient circular economy Bio-materials Green cradle-to-cradle material

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Reliability Growth Modeling and Optimal Release Policy Under Fuzzy Environment of an N-version Programming System Incorporating the Effect of Fault Removal Efficiency

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2007年第4期4卷 369-379页

作者： P.K.Kapur Anshu Gupta P.c.Jha Department of Operational Research University of DelhiDelhi-110007India

Failure of a safety critical system can lead to big losses. Very high software reliability is required for automating the working of systems such as aircraft controller and nuclear reactor controller software systems. Fault-tolerant softwares are used to increase the overall reliability of software systems. Fault tolerance is achieved using the fault-tolerant schemes such as fault recovery （recovery block scheme）, fault masking （N-version programming （NVP）） or a combination of both （Hybrid scheme）. These softwares incorporate the ability of system survival even on a failure. Many researchers in the field of software engineering have done excellent work to study the reliability of fault-tolerant systems. Most of them consider the stable system reliability. Few attempts have been made in reliability modeling to study the reliability growth for an NVP system. Recently, a model was proposed to analyze the reliability growth of an NVP system incorporating the effect of fault removal efficiency. In this model, a proportion of the number of failures is assumed to be a measure of fault generation while an appropriate measure of fault generation should be the proportion of faults removed. In this paper, we first propose a testing efficiency model incorporating the effect of imperfect fault debugging and error generation. Using this model, a software reliability growth model （SRGM） is developed to model the reliability growth of an NVP system. The proposed model is useful for practical applications and can provide the measures of debugging effectiveness and additional workload or skilled professional required. It is very important for a developer to determine the optimal release time of the software to improve its performance in terms of competition and cost. In this paper, we also formulate the optimal software release time problem for a 3VP system under fuzzy environment and discuss a the fuzzy optimization technique for solving the problem with a numerical illustration.

关键词： Fault tolerant software reliability growth model release time fuzzy optimization.

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Adaptive particle swarm optimized fuzzy algorithm to predict water table elevation

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific computing 2019年第6期10卷 48-56页

作者： Dinesh c.S.Bisht Shilpa Jain Pankaj Kumar Srivastava Department of Mathematics Jaypee Institute of Information Technology Noida 201304 India School of Engineering and Technology The Northcap University Gurugram 122017 India

This study helps to select the length for fuzzy sets in fuzzy time series *** order to examine the effect of intervals and evaluate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm,numerical data of water recharge and discharge are considered to predict water table elevation fluctuation(WTEF).Particle swarm optimization(PSO)is an influential tool to handle optimization of multi-model problems,whereas fuzzy logic can handle *** this paper,adaptive inertia weights are adopted rather than static inertia weights for PSO,which further improves efficiency of *** modified PSO is termed as adaptive particle swarm optimization(APSO).APSO optimizes the intervals and these intervals are further used to generate fuzzy sets for *** results indicate that the APSO performs better than PSO and genetic algorithm approaches for the same problem.

关键词： Swarm intelligence optimization fuzzy logic water table adaptive particle swarm optimization fuzzy inference system

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Development and comparative Studies of Three Non-free Parameter Lattice Boltzmann Models for Simulation of compressible Flows

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Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 2012年第4期4卷 454-472页

作者： L.M.Yang c.Shu J.Wu Department of Aerodynamics College of Aerospace EngineeringNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsYudao StreetNanjing 210016JiangsuChina Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore10 Kent Ridge CrescentSingapore 119260Singapore

This paper at first shows the details of finite volume-based lattice Boltzmann method(FV-LBM)for simulation of compressible flows with shock *** the FV-LBM,the normal convective flux at the interface of a cell is evaluated by using one-dimensional compressible lattice Boltzmann model,while the tangential flux is calculated using the same way as used in the conventional Euler *** paper then presents a platform to construct one-dimensional compressible lattice Boltzmann model for its use in *** platform is formed from the conservation forms of *** the platform,both the equilibrium distribution functions and lattice velocities can be determined,and therefore,non-free parameter model can be *** paper particularly presents three typical non-free parameter models,D1Q3,D1Q4 and *** performances of these three models for simulation of compressible flows are investigated by a brief analysis and their application to solve some one-dimensional and two-dimensional test *** results showed that D1Q3 model costs the least computation time and D1Q4 and D1Q5 models have the wider application range of Mach *** the results,it seems that D1Q4 model could be the best choice for the FVLBM simulation of hypersonic flows.

关键词： FV-LBM non-free parameter models compressible inviscid flows

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Ezrin： a regulator of actin microfilaments in ce unctions of the rat testis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 653-658页

作者： N Ece Gungor-Orduer ciler celik-Ozenci c Yan cheng The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male contraceptive Research Center for Biomedical Research Population Council New York USA Department of Histology andEmbryology Faculty of Medicine Akdeniz University Antalya Turkey.

Ezrin, radixin, moesin and merlin （ERM） proteins are highly homologous actin-binding proteins that share extensive sequence similarity with each other. These proteins tether integral membrane proteins and their cytoplasmic peripheral proteins （e.g., adaptors, nonreceptor protein kinases and phosphatases） to the microfilaments of actin-based cytoskeleton. Thus, these proteins are crucial to confer integrity of the apical membrane domain and its associated junctional complex, namely the tight junction and the adherens junction. Since ectoplasmic specialization （ES） is an F-actin-rich testis-specific anchoring junction-a highly dynamic ultrastructure in the seminiferous epithelium due to continuous transport of germ cells, in particular spermatids, across the epithelium during the epithelial cycle-it is conceivable that ERM proteins are playing an active role in these events. Although these proteins were first reported almost 25 years and have since been extensively studied in multiple epithelia/endothelia, few reports are found in the literature to examine their role in the actin filament bundles at the ES. Studies have shown that ezrin is also a constituent protein of the actin-based tunneling nanotubes （TNT） also known as intercellular bridges, which are transient cytoplasmic tubular ultrastructures that transport signals, molecules and even organelles between adjacent and distant cells in an epithelium to coordinate cell events that occur across an epithelium. Herein, we critically evaluate recent data on ERM in light of recent findings in the field in particular ezrin regarding its role in actin dynamics at the ES in the testis, illustrating additional studies are warranted to examine its physiological significance in spermatogenesis.

关键词： blood-testis barrier ectoplasmic specialization ezrin spermatogenesis testis

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comparing material wastage levels between conventional in-situ and prefabrication construction in Hong Kong

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2004年第5期11卷 548-551页

作者： Vivian W YTam c M Tam L Y Shen Dept. of Building and construction City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong ChinaDept. of Building and Construction City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong ChinaDept. of Building and Construction City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Generation of construction wastes constitutes a major impact to the environment. Studies have been directed toward reducing wastes of the various construction processes. However, contractors in Hong Kong are rather conservative and lack motivation to develop new technology for waste minimization. This paper examines the benefits of using prefabrication in reducing material wastage levels for some traditional in-situ trades such as concreting, rebar fixing, bricklaying, drywall, plastering, screeding and tiling in Hong Kong. By measuring thirty construction projects, it is been found that waste levels of all major construction trades can be effectively reduced. This is particularly significant in the trade of plastering where 100% saving can be achieved after adopting prefabrication. The standardized design of the building can also be useful in the adoption of prefabrication for private housing projects.

关键词：原材料损耗施工废弃物建筑工业环境保护工程预算

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