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Lufengpithecus inner ear provides evidence of a common locomotor repertoire ancestral to human bipedalism

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 122-129页

作者： Yinan Zhang Xijun Ni Qiang Li thomas Stidham Dan Lu Feng Gao Chi Zhang Terry Harrison Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100044China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Yunnan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archeology Kunming 650118China Center for the Study of Human Origins Department of AnthropologyNew York UniversityNew YorkNY 10003USA

Various lines of evidence have been used to infer the origin of human bipedalism,but the paucity of hominoid postcranial fossils and the diversity of inferred locomotor modes have tended to confound the reconstruction of ancestral *** of the bony labyrinth morphology of the inner ear of extinct and living hominoids provides independent evidence for inferring the evolution of hominoid locomotor *** computed tomography data and morphometric analyses of the Late Miocene ape Lufengpithecus indicate that it and other stem great apes possess labyrinths similar to one another and show that hominoids initially evolved from a positional repertoire that included orthogrady,below-branch forelimb suspension and progression,above-branch bipedalism,climbing,clambering,and leaping(hylobatid-like)to one that comprised above-branch quadrupedalism,below-branch forelimb suspension,vertical climbing,limited leaping,terrestrial quadrupedal running and walking,possibly with knuckle walking,and short bouts of bipedalism(chimpanzee-like).The bony labyrinth morphology of Lufengpithecus indicates that it probably conforms more closely to the last common ancestors of crown hominoids and hominids in its locomotor behavior than do other Miocene *** bipedalism evolved from this common archetypal Lufengpithecus-like locomotor *** low evolutionary rate of semicircular canal morphology suggests that Lufengpithecus experienced a relative stasis in locomotor behavior,probably due to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau,which created a stable environment in the Miocene of southwestern China.

关键词： China probably uplift

Breaking the scattering limits of water waves

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National Science Review 2024年第06期 85-86页

作者： Adrià Canós Valero thomas Weiss Yuri Kivshar Institute of Physics University of Graz 4th Physics Institute University of Stuttgart Research School of Physics Australian National University

When water, light or sound waves impinge on objects smaller than the wavelength, a scattering process takes place[1]. The scattering of waves plays an essential role in a myriad of natural phenomena. In ocean engineering, enhancing the scattering of water waves allows capturing energy from larger areas, with clear implications for energy harvesting and coastal protection.

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Finding Amelia Earhart's Grave

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第9期 16-18,42,43页

作者： thomas Curwen 不详

A fter nearly 100 days at sea,the crew had given *** had logged nearly 12,000 miles aboard the Offshore Surveyor,[a chartered 110-foot research vessel out of Papua new Guinea],crisscrossing the equator near the 180th ... 详细信息

关键词： meridian crossing chart

Offset restoration in total hip arthroplasty:Important:A current review

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 696-703页

作者： Anil thomas Oommen Department of Orthopedics Christian Medical College HospitalVellore 632004India

Normal vertical and horizontal offset is essential for hip biomechanics,muscle functioning and gait *** hip arthroplasty(THA)should aim to restore normal offset with implantation of femoral and acetabular *** would be possible with proper preoperative planning,templating and ensuring implant options are available for offset *** is essential for understanding the vertical and horizontal offset change,especially in hip arthritis presenting late with significant limb length discrepancy at *** should include appropriate soft tissue releases and the use of ideal implants to achieve restoration of horizontal and vertical *** correction of horizontal offset at THA for fracture neck of femur could result in abductor fatigue,limp and increased *** of horizontal offset is imperative at THA for a fractured neck of the femur to achieve optimal abductor *** offset is necessary for optimal abductor muscle tension and *** THA for acetabular bone loss would require hip center restoration with the acetabular and femoral offset correction to achieve limb length correction and abductor *** inability to achieve vertical and horizontal offset correction could lead to dislocation or signs of abductor *** vertical and horizontal femur offset restoration is required for normal hip biomechanics,decreased wear and increased longevity.

关键词： Offset Vertical Horizontal Total hip arthroplasty Templating Restoration

Total hip arthroplasty for sequelae of childhood hip disorders:Current review of management to achieve hip centre restoration

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 683-695页

作者： Anil thomas Oommen Department of Orthopaedics Christian Medical College HospitalVellore 632004India

Adults requiring total hip arthroplasty(THA)for childhood disorder sequelae present with shortening,limp,pain,and altered ***,which can be particularly challenging due to altered anatomy,requires careful planning,assessment,and computed tomography *** templating is essential to establish the appropriate acetabular and femoral *** regarding neck length and offset is needed to ensure the proper options are available at *** centre restoration must be planned preoperatively and achieved intraoperatively with appropriate exposure,identification,and stable fixation with optimum-size *** the actual acetabular floor is essential as changes include altered anatomy,distortion of the margins and version *** femur changes include anatomical variation,decreased canal diameter,cortical thickness,changes in anteversion,and metaphyseal and diaphyseal *** assessment should consist of limb assessment for variations due to prior surgical *** of the shortening pattern with the relationship of the lesser trochanter to the teardrop would help identify and plan for subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy,especially in high-riding *** surgical approach must ensure adequate exposure and soft tissue release to achieve restoration of the anatomical hip *** femoral components may require modularity to enable restoration of anteversion and optimum fixation.

关键词： Total hip arthroplasty Childhood disorder sequelae Templating Hip centre restoration Soft tissue release Offset

Superficial Angiomyxoma of the Vulva: A Case Report

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Open Journal of Pathology 2024年第2期14卷 64-68页

作者： Zo Irène Raivoherivony Herilalao Elisabeth Razafindrafara Vahatra Joëlle Razafimahefa Romuald Randriamahavonjy Nantenaina Soa Randrianjafisamindrakotroka Department of Pathology Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona University Hospital Antananarivo Madagascar Department of Pathology Soavinandriana University Hospital Antananarivo Madagascar Department of Pathology Andrainjato University Hospital Fianarantsoa Madagascar Gyneco-Obstetrics Department Soavinandriana University Hospital Antananarivo Madagascar

Superficial angiomyxoma is a rare benign mesenchymal tumor that mainly occurs in the genital region. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman with a painless vulvar mass, well circumscribed on ultrasound. On gross finding, it was a polypoid and bilobed mass, partially encapsulated. On histological examination, it was a proliferation of non-atypical spindle cells with an abundant, myxoid stroma and numerous medium-sized blood vessels. The diagnosis was superficial angiomyxoma. The clinical features do not often lead to the diagnosis of superficial vulvar angiomyxoma. It is based on histological examination and immunohistochemistry is helpful to differentiate it from other myxoid tumors.

关键词： Angiomyxoma Mesenchymal Tumor Myxoïd Stromal Tumor of Vulva

Influence of Production Factors on the Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Fermented Cassava Dough and Sensory Evaluation of Attieke

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 361-376页

作者： Weiléko Hélène Dougba Djedjro Clément Akmel Emmanuel Aya Diane Boudouin Dibi Nogbou Emmanuel Assidjo Laboratory of Industrial Processes for Environmental Synthesis and new Energies Institut National Polytechnique F&#233lix Yamoussoukro C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Department of Agro-Food and Food Industries UFR Agriculture Fisheries Resources and Agro-Industry University of San-Pedro San-Pedro C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire

Attieke is an Ivorian semolina which obtained by fermenting, pressing and steaming cassava dough. Attieke production remains a traditional activity carried out by less literate women. However, perceived differences in measurable factors and attieke qualities require an investigation of their influence on the characteristics of the pressed dough and attieke. The aim of this study is to improve the quality of the dough in relation to that of the attieke produced. The experiment was carried out on 4 production factors, namely the type of boiled or braised ferment, the incorporation rate of the ferment between 8 and 10%, the addition of oil from 0.1 to 1% and the fermentation time from 12 to 15 hours applied to the Improved African Cassava (IAC) variety. A complete experiment design of 16 samples of fermented dough and attieke was employed. These samples underwent physic-chemical analyses for the fermented dough and sensory evaluation for the attieke. It was found that, except for titratable acidity, reducing sugar content and ash content, the physico-chemical characteristics of the dough of IAC variety were significantly influenced by all production factors and their interaction. Fermentation time significantly influences 60% of the physico-chemical characteristics of the fermented dough. The type of ferment, the oil addition and the ferment rate have a significant influence at 40% of these characteristics. At the sensory level, color, acidity and grain binding with an explained variance of 34.60% were essential for the appreciation of the attieke samples. Thus, these production factors could be considered for the improvement of the fermented dough and attieke production process.

关键词： Influence Production Fermented Dough Attieke

Alexa,let's train now!——A systematic review and classification approach to digital and home-based physical training interventions aiming to support healthy cognitive aging

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 30-46页

作者： Fabian Herold Paula Theobald thomas Gronwald Navin Kaushal Liye Zou Eling D.de Bruin Louis Bherer Notger GMüller Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School HamburgHamburg 20457Germany Department of Health Sciences School of Health&Human SciencesIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Health Sciences and Technology Institute of Human Movement Sciences and SportETH ZurichZurich 8093Switzerland Department of neurobiology Care Sciencesand SocietyKarolinska InstituteStockholm 17177Sweden Department of Health OST-Eastern Swiss University of Applied SciencesSt.Gallen 9001Switzerland Montreal Heart Institute MontrealQC H1T 1C8Canada Department of Medicine Universite de MontrealMontrealQC H3T 1J4Canada Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montreal MontrealQC H3W 1W5Canada

Background:There is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive ***,the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of regular physical activity calls for further public health *** this context,digital and home-based physical training interventions might be a promising alternative to center-based intervention ***,this systematic review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on adult cognitive ***:In this pre-registered systematic review(PROSPERO;ID:CRD42022320031),5 electronic databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Psyclnfo,SPORTDiscus,and Cochrane Library)were searched by 2 independent researchers(FH and PT)to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on cognitive performance in *** systematic literature search yielded 8258 records(extra17 records from other sources),of which 27 controlled trials were considered *** reviewers(FH and PT)independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise(TESTEX scale).Results:Of the 27 reviewed studies,15 reported positive effects on cognitive and motor-cognitive outcomes(i.e.,performance improvements in measures of executive functions,working memory,and choice stepping reaction test),and a considerable heterogeneity concerning study-related,population-related,and intervention-related characteristics was noticed.A more detailed analysis suggests that,in particular,interventions using online classes and technology-based exercise devices(i.e.,step-based exergames)can improve cognitive performance in healthy older *** one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having a high risk of bias with respect

关键词： Brain Cognition Digital health Exercise-cognition Physical activity

Efficient scar-free knock-ins of several kilobases in plants by engineered CRISPR-Cas endonucleases

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Molecular Plant 2024年第5期17卷 824-837页

作者： Tom Schreiber Anja Prange Petra Schafer thomas Iwen Ramona Grutzner Sylvestre Marillonnet Aurelie Lepage Marie Javelle Wyatt Paul Alain Tissier Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryWeinberg 306120 Halle(Saale)Germany Limagrain Centre de RechercheRoute d’EnnezatCS 9012663720 ChappesFrance

In plants and mammals,non-homologous end-joining is the dominant pathway to repair DNA doublestrand breaks,making it challenging to generate knock-in *** this study,we identified two groups of exonucleases from the herpes virus and the bacteriophage T7 families that conferred an up to 38-fold increase in homology-directed repair frequencies when fused to Cas9/Cas12a in a tobacco mosaic virus-based transient assay in Nicotiana *** achieved precise and scar-free insertion of several kilobases of DNA both in transient and stable transformation *** Arabidopsis thaliana,fusion of Cas9 to a herpes virus family exonuclease led to 10-fold higher frequencies of knock-ins in the first generation of *** addition,we demonstrated stable and heritable knock-ins in wheat in 1%of the primary *** together,our results open perspectives for the routine production of heritable knock-in and gene replacement events in plants.

关键词： homology-directed repair knockin gene replacement CRISPR-Cas 50 exonuclease plants