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Analysis of Adaptive Response of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) Varieties from DR-Congo to Water Stress

American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第9期8卷 2282-2295页

作者： Jean Pierre Kabongo Tshiabukole amand mbuya kankolongo Gertrude Pongi Khonde Antoine Mumba Djamba Roger Kizungu Vumilia Kabwe Nkongolo National Institute for Research and Agronomic Studies (INERA) Kinshasa Congo Universite Nationale Pedagogique (UPN) Kinshasa Congo Faculty of Agronomy University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo Department of Biological Sciences Laurentian University Sudbury Canada

Maize production in tropical Africa is often negatively affected by drought. The main objectives of the present study were to 1) analyze the impact of water stress on the agro-morphological performance of two varieties of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) compared to two normal maize varieties and 2) assess their adaptive response in contrasting water environments. Agro-morphological responses to water deficiency of maize (Zea mays L.) were assessed in controlled experiments using four maize varieties, two normal maize (Zm725 and Mus1) and two quality protein maize (Mudishi1 and Mudishi3) varieties. They were subjected to three water regimes (100%, 60%, 30% water retention capacity) at the beginning of the bloom stage, using a Fischer block design with four replications. Significant differences (p < 0.05) among varieties, water regimes and their interactions for plant growth and production parameters were observed. Reduction of water supply to plants caused changes in aerial and underground plant growth. Plant stem height, foliar expansion, and root system development characterizing vegetative growth showed variation in varietal response to water regimes. Mus1 (normal maize variety) was the best adapted to variations in water regimes because they developed an important root volume to adapt to the effects of water deficit while maintaining their morphological and productive characteristics.

关键词： Maize (Zea mays L.) Drought Resistance Water Stress Leaf Area Index (LAI) Quality Protein Maize (QPM) DR-Congo

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Simulation of Growth and Leaf Area Index of Quality Protein Maize Varieties in the Southwestern Savannah Region of the DR-Congo

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第6期10卷 976-986页

作者： Jean Pierre Kabongo Tshiabukole Roger Kizungu Vumilia Gertrude Pongi Khonde Jean Claude Lukombo Lukeba amand mbuya kankolongo Antoine Mumba Djamba Kabwe K. C. Nkongolo Programme National Mais INERA Mvuazi RD-Congo Université Pédagogique Nationale Kinshasa RD-Congo Direction Scientifique Biométrie et Expérimentation INERA DG & Université de Kinshasa Kinshasa RD-Congo Département des Sciences Biologiques Université Laurentienne Sudbury Canada

Logistic and exponential approaches have been used to simulate plant growth and leaf area index (LAI) in different growing conditions. The objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate an approach to simulate maize LAI that expresses key physiological and phonological processes using a minimum entry requirement for Quality Protein maize (QPM) varieties grown in the southwestern region of the DR-Congo. Data for the development and testing of the model were collected manually in experimental plots using a non-destructive method. Simulation results revealed measurable variations between crop seasons (long season A and short season B) and between the two varieties (Mudishi-1 and Mudishi-3) for height, number of visible leaves, and LAI. For both seasons, Mudishi-3, a short stature variety was associated with expected stable yield based on simulation data. In general, the model simulated reliably all the parameters including the LAI. The LAI value for mudishi-1 was higher than that of Mudishi-3. There were significant differences among the model parameters (K, Ti, a, b, Tf) and between the two varieties. In all crop conditions studied and for the two varieties, the senescence rate (a) was higher, while the growth rate (b) was lower compared to the estimates based on the STICS model.

关键词： Modeling Simulation Climate Change Leaf Area Index Quality Protein Maize INERA RD-Congo

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Decrease in Lysine and Tryptophan Content in S2 Inbred Lines from a Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Variety in a Breeding Program

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第1期6卷 181-188页

作者： Kabwe Nkongolo kankolongo mbuya Department of Biology Laurentian University Sudbury Canada Biomolecular Sciences Program Laurentian University Sudbury Canada National Institute for Agronomic Study and Research (INERA) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Several countries in Africa, Latin America along with China have incorporated QPM in their Agricultural development plan. A new quality protein maize variety (QPM) was developed by breeders and farmers using the participatory breeding approach in the DR-Congo. It is adapted to all the maize growing regions in the country. Inbred lines from this new variety were produced for further development of maize synthetic populations. The main objective of the present study is to determine the level of amino acid changes in early generations of inbred lines. The results of the study revealed a significant decrease of 33% and 38% of tryptophan in S1 and S2 inbred lines compared to the original parental MUDISHI 3 population, respectively. There was a decrease of 15% of lysine in S2 inbred lines compared to the parental MUDISHI 3. Actually, S2 inbred lines of MUDISHI 3 contain similar level of lysine compared to the genetically improved normal maize (Salongo 2) that is currently released. The development of composite lines is recommended over synthetic populations to maintain the high levels of lysine and tryptophan along with other desirable agronomic characteristics since they involve the intercrossing of open pollinated varieties.

关键词： Quality Protein Maize Lysine Tryptophan Amino Acid Profile Inbred Maize Synthetic Population MUDISHI 3 DR-Congo

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