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Vaginal Carriage of Group B Streptococcus in Pregnant Women in Rural Areas in Senegal

Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2023年第3期13卷 207-219页

作者： Babacar ndiaye Fatoumata Diene Sarr Mam Coumba Diouf Rokhaya Diop Hamidou Thiam Mohamed Abass Yugo Rose Mbaye amadou Alpha Sall Cheikh Loucoubar Abdoulaye Seck Medical Biology Laboratory Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Epidemiology Clinical Research and Data Science Unit Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal Virology Unit Pasteur Institute of Dakar Dakar Senegal

Vaginal carriage of Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a maternal and child health issue. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of GBS carriage;identify the factors associated with this carriage and determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains. We conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study in rural Senegal (in the health district of Sokone). Socio-demographic, clinical and gynaeco-obstetrical data were collected. Vaginal swabs were taken by the midwives on specific settings in order to test for GBS and other High Risk Vaginal Bacteria (HRVB). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done according to the recommendations of the CA SFM/EUCAST 2020. In total, 100 pregnant women were targeted and 97 pregnant women were included. Their age ranged from 18 to 40 years with 64.9% (63/97) of participants belonging to the “20 - 30” age group. The overall prevalence of Group B Streptococcus carriage was 15.5% (15/97). However, the proportion of women with at least one high risk infectious bacteria was 29.89% (29/97). No statistically significant differences were found between GBS carriage and the potential factors studied. However, the study also looked for the presence of other high-risk bacteria and coinfections were indeed found between GBS and E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic susceptibility testing shows that GBS strains were fully susceptible to penicillin G, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin and vancomycin. Sensitivities to norfloxacin and gentamycin were 73.3% and 86.7% respectively. In contrast, high resistance to tetracycline (86.7%) was observed. GBS carriage remains a major public health issue because of its consequences for the mother and the newborn. Correct screening and proper monitoring of strain susceptibility remain one of the most effective means of patient management and care.

关键词： Group B Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) Vaginal Carriage Antibiotic Susceptibility Senegal

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Assessment of Insulin Therapy in 281 Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in Senegal

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第1期12卷 283-292页

作者： Djibril Boiro amadou Sow Aliou Abdoulaye Ndongo Idrissa Basse Lamine Thiam Ndiogou Seck Cheha Fatoumia Babacar Niang Modou Guéye Maïmouna Ndour Mbaye Ousmane ndiaye Abass Ndao Hospital Dakar Senegal Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Diamniadio Children’s Hospital Dakar Senegal Ziguinchor Peace Hospital Dakar Senegal Saint Louis Regional Hospital Dakar Senegal Albert Royer Children’s Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: In Senegal, with the CDIC “Changing Diabetes In children” project, insulin has been made free. The objective of this study was to evaluate the accessibility and modalities of insulin therapy in the management of type 1 diabetes. Methodology: This was a retrospective study including patients followed for type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in hospital between April 2018 and December 2020. Results: 281 patients were included. The mean age was 14.22 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 11.28 years. Ketoacidosis was the main mode of discovery of diabetes at 51.6%. Premix and rapid insulins were most commonly used at 84.7% and 82.9% respectively, most often in combination. The most commonly used treatment regimen was three injections/day in 82.5% of cases. The average daily insulin dose was 0.62 IU/Kg/dr. Of the patients, 219 (78%) were self-monitoring of blood glucose. The average number of blood glucose checks was 1.78 per day. 76 patients (27%) went days without an insulin injection and up to 7 days in 51% of cases. The main reasons were forgetfulness, therapeutic errors and stock-outs. Hypoglycaemia was observed in 14.2%. The average glycated haemoglobin was 10%. Conclusion: Despite the efforts made, there are still challenges to improve access to insulin. The reinforcement of therapeutic education on insulin therapy is essential for a better quality of life of diabetic children and adolescents.

关键词： Diabetes Children Insulin Therapy Senegal

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Ischemic Stroke Complicating Neuromeningeal and Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children: About a Case in Senegal

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第1期13卷 92-96页

作者： Papa Souleye Sow Khadim Bop Khalifa Ababacar Mbaye Guillaye Diagne Pape Malick Dibor Diouf Idrissa Demba Ba Papa Moctar Faye amadou Lamine Fall Ousmane ndiaye National Hospital Center of Children Albert Royer Dakar Sénégal National Hospital Center of Fann Dakar Sénégal

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem, especially in developing countries. Neuro-meningeal involvement is rare but represents one of the most severe forms with high morbidity and mortality. We report the case of an ischemic stroke complicating neuromeningeal and pulmonary tuberculosis in a four-month-old infant at the National Hospital Center of children Albert Royer (Senegal). The case was a four-month-old, male infant with no history. His vaccination was up to date according to Senegal’s expanded vaccination program. There was no notion of tuberculosis contagion. He was seen for a prolonged fever for more than a month and chronic cough. He had moderate malnutrition. Neurological examination revealed coma, meningeal syndrome, generalized tonic convulsions and hypertonia. The pupils were in bilateral miosis. Osteotendinous reflexes were abolished with a bilateral Babinski sign. He also had severe respiratory distress, bilateral pulmonary condensation syndrome. Brain computed tomography was in favor of an ischemic stroke. The test GeneXpert MTB/RIF was positive on cerebrospinal fluid and gastric tubing fluid. The curative treatment was based on a quadruple therapy based on rifampicin, isoniazid, pirazinamide and ethambutol. The evolution was unfavorable with the death of the patient.

关键词： Tuberculosis Meningitis Child Senegal

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Natural Enemies and Pest Control in Field-Grown Crop in Southern Senegal

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Advances in Entomology 2022年第4期10卷 287-299页

作者： Etienne Tendeng Babacar Labou El Hadji Serigne Sylla amadou Baldé Mamadou Diatte Oumar Seydi Issa Alé ndiaye Pape Diop Serigne Omar Sène Saliou Djiba Karamoko Diarra UCAD Integrated Production and Protection Laboratory in Agroecosystems (L2PIA) Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal ISRA Entomology Laboratory of Djibélor Agricultural Research Centre Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research Ziguinchor Senegal

Crop pests are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Several control methods are recommended for their control, including biological control. This method based on the use of natural enemies is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of crop pests. A survey of crops associated with pests was carried out on 144 fields in southern Senegal to measure the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of various crop pests, determine the native parasitoid complex and assess parasitism rates. Ecological indices were calculated to assess the diversity of natural enemies. A total of 25 natural enemy species were identified, including 15 parasitoids and 10 predators. Predatory Hemiptera and Parasitoid Hymenoptera were high biodiversity. The parasitism rates vary between 0 and 50% depending on the abundance of pests and parasitoid species. Knowledge of the diversity of natural enemies and the understanding of trophic interactions with pests are important in the development of biological crop protection in order to preserve resilience in agroecosystems.

关键词： Biodiversity Agroecosystem Crop Protection Pests Market Gardening Biological Control

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Convulsive Seizures Revealing Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2022年第3期12卷 105-111页

作者： Djikoldinguem Marschall Mouandilmadji Coudjou Josue Dieu-Donne Ghislain de Chacus Kawtar Jamil Maureen Vanessa Ngo Biem Pape amadou Niane Fatou Bintou Thiam Mame Pathé Diakhate Nafy ndiaye Abdoulaye Leye Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology-Diabetology and Nutrition Pikine National Hospital Center Dakar Senegal Hann Maristes Health Center Dakar Senegal Neuroscience Clinic Ibrahima Pierre ndiaye National University Hospital of Fann Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) is an autoimmune disease with different neurological and psychiatric characteristics. It is associated with increased thyroperoxidase autoantibodies. The diagnosis of HE is clinical and involves the detection of serum thyroperoxidase (TPO) antibodies and the exclusion of other etiologies. A clinical response to corticosteroid therapy supports the diagnosis. We report a case of HE revealed by convulsive seizures and cognitive and behavioral disorders. Observation: She is a 7-year-old child followed in a neurology unit for convulsive seizures for one year. Clinical examination performed in the endocrinology unit later found tachycardia without goiter, behavioral disorders, difficulties to concentrate as well as psychomotor agitation. Biological work up revealed subclinical hypothyroidism, positive anti-TPO antibodies with normal thyroid ultrasound and brain MRI. The cerebrospinal fluid was clear, normotensive and absence of pleocytosis. The sleep-wake electroencephalogram was well organized for her age with a paroxysmal discharge in the left parieto-temporal region. Based on these clinical, biological and morphological data, the diagnosis of HE was retained. Corticosteroid therapy with prednisone at 1 mg/kg/day was initiated for 6 weeks while reducing the dose progressively. There was a good clinical and biological progress under treatment. Conclusion: Hashimoto’s encephalopathy is a rare, but probably unrecognized entity. Over the past decades, knowledge about thyroid, brain, immunity interactions has increased. This indicates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach of endocrinologists, neurologists, psychiatrists and pediatricians for early recognition and treatment.

关键词： Hypothyroidism Encephalopathy Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis Antithyroperoxidase Antibody

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Science and Technology Backyard model:implications for sustainable agriculture in Africa

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第4期7卷 390-400页

作者： Xiaoqiang JIAO Derara Sori FEYISA Jasper KANOMANYANGA Ngula David MUTTENDANGO Shingirai MUDARE amadou ndiaye Bilisuma KABETO Felix Dapare DAKORA Fusuo ZHANG National Academy of Agriculture Green Development Department of Plant NutritionCollege of Resource and Environmental ScienceChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Department of Chemistry Tshwane University of TechnologyPretoria 0001South Africa

Sustainable food production to feed the growing population in Africa remains a major *** has 64%of the global arable land but produces less than 10%of its food locally due to its inherently low soil nutrient *** soil fertility and a lack of fertilizer use are the major constraints to increasing crop yields in *** average only about 8.8 kg NPK fertilizer is applied per hectare by African smallholder *** is therefore considerable potential for increasing food production through sustainable intensification of the cropping *** low crop yields in Africa are also partly due to limited farmer access to modern agronomic techniques,including improved crop varieties,a lack of financial resources,and the absence of mechanisms for dissemination of information to *** study analyzed the Science and Technology Backyards(STBs)model and investigated its use for the transformation of agriculture in *** key lessons for sustainable crop intensification in Africa can be found from analysis of the STB model which is well established in *** include(1)scientist-farmer engagement to develop adaptive and innovative technology for sustainable crop production,(2)dissemination of technology by empowering smallholders,especially leading farmers,and(3)the development of an open platform for multiple resource involvement rather than relying on a single *** review evaluates the benefits of the STB model used in China for adoption to increase agricultural productivity in Africa,with a perspective on sustainable crop intensification on the continent.

关键词： sustainable agriculture Africa smallholder Science and Technology Backyards

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First Record of Pristomerus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) (Kriechbaumer) Parasitizing Hellula undalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Crucifer Crop in Senegal

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Advances in Entomology 2023年第4期11卷 256-263页

作者： Etienne Tendeng Etienne Tendeng Babacar Labou El Hadji Serigne Sylla amadou Baldé Mamadou Diatte Oumar Seydi Issa Alé ndiaye Pape Diop Serigne Omar Sène Saliou Djiba Karamoko Diarra Integrated Production and Protection Laboratory in Agroecosystems (L2PIA) Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University (UCAD) Dakar Senegal Entomology Laboratory of Djibé lor Agricultural Research Centre Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research (ISRA) Ziguinchor Senegal

Cabbage is today an economically important crop grown in more than 90 countries around the world. Production is constantly threatened by pests including the cabbage webworm, Hellula undalis (F.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) which just one or two larvae can cause severe damage by infesting the growing points or shoots of young plants. Hellula undalis is difficult to control by the use of chemical insecticides. The establishment of effective biological control is needed. The parasitoid species Pristomerus pallidus (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) was recorded for the first time in Senegal on larvae of Hellula undalis from cabbage fields infested with H. undalis. Laboratory observed parasitism was 7.4%. This is the first record of Pristomerus pallidus parasitizing Hellula undalis from Senegal. Furthermore, studies on the potential regulation of Hellula undalis under controlled and field conditions need to be evaluated for utilizing this parasitoid as a biocontrol agent against the cabbage webworm. .

关键词： Biological Control Parasitoid Pest Market Gardening Ziguinchor Casamance

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The Dust Comportment in the Latitudinal Band 10°North - 20°North in Africa: Emission and Deposition

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第5期10卷 139-159页

作者： Abdoulaye Bouya Diop Abdoulaye Sy Abdoul Karim Mbodji Abdou Karim Farota Malick Wade Adoum Mahamat Moussa Babacar Niang Aichetou Dia Diop Bara ndiaye Bouya Diop amadou Thierno Gaye Aboubakary Diakhaby Gaston Berger University of Saint Louis Saint Louis Senegal University of Clermont Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand France University of Chad Ndjamena Chad Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar Dakar Senegal

The three measurement periods: the TOMS Nimbus-7 TOMSN7L3 v008 from 1978 to 1993, the TOMS EP TOMSEPL3 v008 from 1996 to 2005 and the OMI OMTO3d v003 from 2004 to 2008 have allowed the presence of dust to be observed in the 10°North to 20°North latitudinal band (10 - 20 band) of Africa. The 10 - 20 band has a permanent dust presence. The AERONET data show AOD peaks exceeding 2 in Senegal and Niger (on an AOD scale). The statistical study reveals intra-annual relationships in deposition. In Senegal, a significant deposition is observed.

关键词： Dust Source Area AOD 10° North - 20° North African Band Deposition Sahel

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Characterization of Spatio-Temporal Variability of Irradiation, Nebulosity and Aerosols Optical Depth in 10˚North-20˚North African Band

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American Journal of Climate Change 2022年第2期11卷 155-171页

作者： Abdoulaye Bouya Diop Abdoulaye Sy Malick Wade Abdoul Karim Mbodj Abdou Karim Farota Adoum Mahamat Moussa Babacar Niang Aicha Dia Diop Bara ndiaye Bouya Diop amadou Thierno Gaye Aboubakary Diakhaby LSAO-MED Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal CERDI Clermont Auvergne University Clermont Auvergne France University of Tchad Djamena Tchad LPAOSF ESP Cheikh Anta Diop Univesity Dakar Senegal

This work concerns the 10? North, 20? North African band. Area renowned for having some of the poorest countries in the world. It is also home to the Sahelian strip and part of the Sahara. The countries in this zone have a relatively low electrification rate compared to the enlightened country. To solve this problem, these countries want to turn to renewable energies such as photovoltaics (renewable energy obtained through solar radiation). Therefore, understanding the behavior of irradiation and cloudiness in the 10 - 20 band becomes necessary. The application of the empirical orthogonal functions to the different cloud layers and to the irradiation reveals a seasonality of the latter, in particular compared to the first modes of the empirical orthogonal functions (EOF1). Indeed, by filtering in time and space to isolate solar radiation and cloudiness, the EOF1 expresses respectively 94.3% of the variation of descending solar radiation in clear sky in the 10 - 20 band. Note 65.7% for global radiation, 54.4% for cloudiness at 450 hPa, 69.6% for cloudiness between 800 hPa and 450 hPa, 76.6% for low cloudiness, 61.4% for total cloudiness. These results allow us to say that we have generally good sunshine over several months, with little cloud cover in this band. However, since this zone is considered to be part of the main aerosol emission source zones, it is important in their temporal consideration of the optical depth. By doing the wavelet analysis on the optical depth data from Dakar and Banizoumbou, we note that the average dust presence spectrum over the entire period from 1997 to 2019 in the two stations with a slight shift compared to the peaks and the maximum observed value. A sign that there is a strong presence of dust in this area and that it should be taken into account for any photovoltaic installation in this area.

关键词： Sahel Irradiation Cloudiness Aerosol EOF Wavelet

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Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects of Cardiogenic Shock in Children at the Albert Royer Children’s Hospital in Dakar

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第4期11卷 669-675页

作者： Mohameth Mbodj amadou Lamine Fall Aliou Thiongane Ibrahima Diagne amadou Sow Serigne T. ndiaye Khadim Bop Papa S. Sow Ousmane ndiaye Albert Royer National Children Hospital Dakar Senegal Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Gaston Berger University Saint Louis Senegal Saint Louis Regional Hospital Saint Louis Senegal Abass Ndao Hospital Center Dakar Senegal

Introduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of cardiogenic shock in children at the Albert Royer Children’s Hospital in Dakar. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study from January 2020 to February 2021, including all children aged 2 months to 16 years hospitalised for cardiogenic shock diagnosed on the basis of clinical and ultrasound criteria. Results: During the study, 38 patients were hospitalised for cardiogenic shock. The hospital prevalence was 4.2%. The mean age of onset of shock was 64 months, and there was a predominance of females with a sex ratio of 1.92. Consanguinity was found in 42% of the patients. Consanguinity was found in 42% of patients. Infection was identified as a trigger for cardiogenic shock in 18 (52.9%) of our patients. The most common type of heart disease was rheumatic heart disease in 12 (32%) of the patients. The mortality rate was 65.8%. Conclusion: Cardiogenic shock is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency. Its prevalence and mortality are still high in developing countries.

关键词： Heart Disease Consanguinity CMDH Shortening Fraction Senegal

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