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Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the Medical-Surgical Emergency Department of the Donka National Hospital

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2023年第2期13卷 85-94页

作者： Djibril Sylla amadou Kake Thierno amadou Wann Mohamed Lamine Yaya Bah Mhamed Ciré Keita Alhassane Barry Mamadou Diakhaby Lansana Diaby Internal Medicine Department of the Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea Medical and Surgical Emergency Department of the Donka National Hospital Conakry Guinea

Introduction: The metabolic syndrome (MS) corresponds to the coexistence of several metabolic disorders including three (3) factors out of five (5) in the same individual. These five (5) major criteria are central or abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), hyperglycemia, and elevated blood pressure. It has been the subject of various definitions over the past 10 years. It is a clinical-biological entity recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1998, the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) in 2001, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2005, then the IDF Harmonization Consensus in 2009. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the medico-surgical emergency department of the Donka national hospital. Methods: This was a descriptive study, data collection took place from February 5 to July 5, 2022 and, covering all patients aged 16 and over, without distinction of sex, origin received in consultation in the medical unit in the emergency department of Donka and having agreed to participate in the study. Anthropometric, clinical and biological data were recorded. Results: We recruited 107 patients whose age ranged from 20 to 94 years with a mean age of 58.92 ± 13.78 years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study population was 6.30% with a female predominance of 73.83%. The most frequent components of the metabolic syndrome were abdominal obesity (100%) followed by hyperglycemia (85.98%) and hypertension (85.05%). Among the complications related to the metabolic syndrome, diabetes was found with (46.73%), hypertension (43.93%) and stroke (16.93%). Conclusion: Our results show a significant prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its main complications, which were diabetes, hypertension and stroke. These data justify early detection and treatment strategies.

关键词： Prevalence Metabolic Syndrome Medicine Unit Donka National Hospital

Comparative Evaluation of the Chemical Composition and Physical Properties of Reinforced Concrete Steel Bars Used in Construction in Senegal

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2023年第2期13卷 292-302页

作者： El Hadji amadou Fall Sy Dame Keinde Malang Bodian Laboratory for Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes (LE3PI) Higher Polytechnic School Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Laboratory of Civil Engineering Materials (LMGC) Higher Polytechnic School Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

This article presents, the study of a comparative evaluation of the chemical composition and physical properties, linear mass deviations, of four (04) types of steel used in the construction sector in Senegal. Type 1 (E1), Type 2 (E2) and Type 3 (E3) steels are produced by locally established companies and Type 4 (E4) witness bars are imported from the France. The chemical analyses of the different types of steel were carried out by combustion, infrared (IR) detection for carbon and sulfur, by reducing fusion for nitrogen and by optical emission spectrometer (SEO) for the rest of the elements. The composition was determined on bars with a diameter of 10 mm. Linear mass deviations were evaluated for steels with a diameter of 8 mm, 10 mm and 12 mm. The results of the chemical analyses showed that the limit value for the percentage of carbon was exceeded by 29.16% for the steel, type 3. For the other types (1, 2 and 4), the limit values set out in the French standard NF EN 10,080 are not exceeded. As regards the relative differences in mass, the results showed that for steels of local manufacture, all the samples of bars with diameters 10 and 12 mm and 33% of steels with diameters 8 mm do not comply with the standard. The results also indicate that the chemical composition and relative linear mass deviations of the steels, type 4 comply with the standard. Thus, locally manufactured steels are not always suitable for use in reinforced concrete constructions.

关键词： Local Manufacturing Reinforced Concrete Durability Eurocode 2

Challenges of Total Arthroplasty for Neglected Fracture-Dislocations of the Hip

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2023年第10期13卷 421-426页

作者： Papa amadou Ba Souleymane Diao Chérif Sadibou Djiba Service d’Orthopédie-Traumatologie H&ocircpital d’Instruction des Armées Principal Dakar Senegal Service d’Orthopédie-Traumatologie H&ocircpital Général de Grand-Yoff Dakar Senegal

This study examined neglected hip fracture-dislocations in developing countries, focusing on five cases in Dakar. The research adopted a prospective method, assessing epidemiological, clinical, radiological, and therapeutic aspects, utilizing the Postel Merle d’Aubigné scoring system for functional assessment. Results demonstrated that total joint replacement surgery, predominantly following traffic accidents, significantly improved mobility and reduced limb length disparity, with most patients achieving independent walking post-operation. The study concludes that early diagnosis and total hip arthroplasty are critical for optimal outcomes.

关键词： Arthroplasty Hip Neglected Fracture-Luxation

Sizing of a Wastewater Treatment System of the Center of Ngoundiane of the Alioune DiOP University of Bambey, Senegal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第6期14卷 456-473页

作者： Ibrahima Niane amadou Diao Fakoro Souleymane Dia Senghane Mbodji Research Team in Renewable Energies Materials and Laser of Department of Physics UFR SATIC Alioune DiOP University of Bambey Bambey Senegal Laboratory of Semiconductors and Solar Energy Department of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

In our center where a lot of water is used for watering and cleaning the classrooms, the management of wastewater as a resource can be a real opportunity. The main objective of this research is to size and determine the effectiveness of natural treatments of the wastewater treatment system composed of a septic tank and a treatment plant which would be installed in site Ngoundiane of Alioune DiOP University, in Bambey, Senegal. Overall, we noted that the sized septic tank dimensioned in our study allows the efficient settling of wastewater which depends on the flow point ratio and useful settling surface area that must be lower than the upward speed that corresponds to 0.8 m/h. The sizing of the septic tank led us to obtain a useful capacity of 88 m3 and a horizontal surface of 44 m2 with a height of 2 m. The ratio between the flow of the wastewater received and the upward speed is 0.17 m/h and is significantly lower than the recommended speed. In addition, the station will be able to eliminate 80.418% of the Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), 75.522% of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 92.385% of Suspended Solid (SS) and 43.427% of Nitrogen compounds.

关键词： Wastewater Septic Tank Sanitation Treatment Plant Irrigation

Assessment of Land Use and Land Cover Change in Southwest Mauritania, Remote Sensing and GIS Approach

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2022年第4期11卷 182-196页

作者： amadou Hamadi Diallo Temitayo Abayomi Ewemoje Sidatt Zeine El Abidine Department of Environmental Management The Pan African University for Earth and Life Sciences Including Health and Agriculture University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Diawling National Park Trarza Mauritania

Most countries’ land use and land cover (LULC) are changing dramatically today. Most of these changes are related to the way humans and the environment interact. Various methodologies and data sources have been used in conjunction with remote sensing (RS) to categorize and map changes in LULC. This study used RS and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools to analyze LULC change and transitions from 1984 to 2022 in a tropical forested landscape in southwest Mauritania. Using a suitable and high-quality collection of Landsat satellite images. For the classification and creation of LULC maps for the selected periods, the supervised technique using a maximum likelihood classifier was used. The results indicated that there was a remarkable change in all classes of LULC, with an increase in all classes, except barren land, which had a tremendous decrease of −68.58% for the total study area. Therefore, for the total study area, an increase in agricultural land (221%), water bodies (118.46%), vegetation (57.50%), and built-up areas (14.65%) was observed. We believe that by informing policymakers, environmental managers, and the general public about the current changes, our study will help the region to establish appropriate land use rules that may lead to policy document development.

关键词： Land-Use-Land-Cover Remote Sensing Geographic Information System Maximum Likelihood Classifier Southwest Mauritania

Thermal Study and Modeling of the Cold Room of a Solar Adsoption Refrigerator

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2023年第11期13卷 1996-2006页

作者： amadou Konfe Mahamadi Savadogo Loukman Ouedraogo Ousmane Moctar Sié Kam Laboratory of Thermal and Renewable Energies University Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Sciences and Technologies Faculty University of Agadez Agadez Niger

In this work, we are interested in the study of the thermal exchanges which take place at the evaporator of an adsorption refrigerator. Due to the cost of designing experimental devices and the impossibility of studying the influence of certain parameters experimentally, an alternative would be simulation. The aim is to provide a model for predicting the thermal behavior of the various elements in the cold room of an adsorption solar refrigerator. A dynamic modelling of the refrigerator taking into account fluid flow, heat and mass transfer phenomena in the cold room was made. The calculation code obtained using COMSOL 5.1 software makes it possible to analyze and study the influence of the various parameters on the performance of the system. In a second step, the theoretical results obtained were compared with the experimental results in order to validate the model. The analysis of the influence of the physical-thermal properties of the insulating material on the temperature of the chamber makes it possible to conclude that a material having a low density ρ, a low thermal conductivity λ and a low specific heat capacity offers better performance to the cold room. Better thermal insulation also implies having a reasonable insulation thickness.

关键词： Thermal Evaporating Adsorption Cooling Modeling

Ilizarov Femoral Limb Lenghtening in Lower Limb Discrepancy. Radio-Clinic Results. About 32 Cases

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第11期12卷 432-441页

作者： amadou Ndiassé Kasse Papa amadou Ba Souleymane Diao Jean Claude Sane Joseph Davy Diouf Babacar Thiam Moussa Baba Diallo Mouhamadou Habib Sy Service d’Orthopédie-Traumatologie H&ocirc pital Général de Grand-Yoff Dakar Senegal

Introduction: The progressive osseous lengthening on a single site corticotomy such as described by Ilizarov is a reliable but difficult method in the treatment of limb length discrepancies. The objective of this study was to appreciate the results of the recent application of this method in a low-income country such as Senegal. Material and Method: It was a retrospective study on 32 patients among whom 19 were men (people) and 13 were women over one continuous period of 7 years. The mean age was of 19 years with extremes of 10 and 36 years. Etiologies were dominated by osteoarthritis of the hip in 77.8%, traumatic sequela in 16.7% and the aseptic osteonecrosis of femoral head in 5.6%. The average duration of treatment was of 232 days with extremes of 110 and 363 days. Results: On the anatomical plan, the average lengthening was 55.89 mm that is 12.03% of the initial length with extremes of 35 and 110 mm. The equalization, in terms of length of the members, was obtained in 33.3% of the cases. The average index of cure was of 56.29 days, six patients, which are 18.75% of the cases, complained about pain at the end of treatment and walking without crutches was possible in 83.33%. The complications, in the phase of lengthening, were either mechanics, with 5 subluxations (3 at the level of the hip and 2 at the level of the knee), or biological with 7 infections (superficial 5 and 2 deep), 2 premature consolidations and 1 bleeding. The complications in the consolidation phase were also mechanical with 32 articular stiffness, 8 plastic deformations, 7 subluxations, a fracture and a collapse of the regenerate, or biological with 8 infections among which an osteitis and bleeding. Conclusion: Despite a strong rate of complications and sometimes not reached objectives, the results of this first series of lengthening are encouraging and rich in education and do not seem to be a limiting factor for the implementation of the method in developing countries.

关键词： Limb Length Discrepancy Lengthening Ilizarov Senegal

Biermer’s Disease at the Donka National Hospital in Guinea—Epidemio-Clinical, Therapeutic and Evolutionary Aspect in the Internal Medicine Department

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2023年第3期13卷 218-224页

作者： Thierno amadou Wann Mamadou Sarifou Diallo Djenabou Diallo Kadiatou Diallo Mamadou Lamine Yaya Bah Mamadou Diakhaby Mohamed Cissoko amadou Kaké Djibril Sylla Department of Internal Medicine Teaching Hospital of Conakry Conakry Guinea Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology University Hospital of Conakry Conakry Guinea

Introduction: Biermer’s disease is an autoimmune disease characterized by a lack of absorption of vitamin B12 in connection with the production of antibodies (A) destroying the intrinsic factor (IF) which allows the absorption of vitamin B12 (cobalamin). These clinical manifestations are polymorphic and severe in our context. The objective of this work is to identify the epidemiological-clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary characteristics of Biermer’s disease in Guinean population. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective of patient files followed for Biermer’s disease at the internal medicine department of Donka National Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021. Results: Eight patients were included including 5 women and 3 men. The average age of the patients was 48 years old. The diagnostic delay was 3.6 years on average. All our patients had bioclinical anemia (8 cases, i.e. 100%) followed by epigastralgia in 4 cases (50%), neurological damage such as sensitive polyneuropathy in 3 cases (37.5%). Four patients had acquired melanoderma (50%). Hypovitaminosis B12 was found in 4 patients. The myelogram performed in three patients (37.5%) found medullary megaloblastosis. One patient had Hashimoto’s disease associated with Biermer’s disease in endoscopy, (FOGD) found fundica trophy on macroscopy in 4 cases (50%). Treatment consisted of B12 vitamin therapy in all cases with a favorable clinical and biological outcome. Conclusion: Biermer’s disease remains common in Africa and is characterized at a younger age in addition to the severity of clinical and biological manifestations. The care consists of taking vitamin B12 which remains accessible in our context.

关键词： Biermer’s Disease Donka Aspects Epidemiological-Clinical Therapeutics

Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Drinking and Irrigation Uses in the Samba Dia Area, Central West Senegal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第4期15卷 130-148页

作者： amadou Sarr Seyni Ndoye Axel Laurel Tcheheumeni Djanni Serigne Faye Département de Géologie Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Fann Sénégal Département de Génie Civil Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Fann Sénégal

In the Sahelian zone in Africa, groundwater is the main source of drinking water for domestic, industrial, and agricultural uses. The groundwater of the Samba Dia sandy aquifer was assessed for understanding processes controlling the hydrogeochemistry and its drinking and irrigation suitability, on the basis of various water quality parameters. For the present study, thirty-three groundwater samples were collected in wells of the study area during the dry season in March 2021 and subjected to analysis for chemical characteristics (major ions), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). Gibbs plot depicts that the process of ionic exchange is mainly due to the dissolution of water-rock interaction. The Piper diagram indicates a largely dominant sodium chloride facies with 70% of the groundwater samples followed by calcium chloride facies (18%) than calcium bicarbonate facies (12%). Analytical results of hydrogeochemical parameters of groundwater samples reveal that the majority of samples are within the World Health Organization safety range for drinking water. TDS and electrical conductivity (EC) values of groundwater indicate that 70% and 61% are safe for drinking water, respectively. Sodium percentage (% Na), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) values, and Ca/Mg ratio were calculated and compared with the standard guideline values recommended by the World Health Organization and agricultural water standards. This study shows that the groundwater in the area is mostly chemically suitable for drinking and irrigation, although some wells at the edge of the area exhibit signs of progressive salinization and traces of pollution.

关键词： Samba Dia Groundwater Hydrogeochemistry Suitability Drinking Irrigation