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Prevalence of visual impairment and estimation of refractive errors among school children in Kakamega,Kenya

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 932-939页

作者： Isabel Signes-Soler Alfred ragot Sheilah Nangena Andrew Wekesa raúl Montalbán Llamusí Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Sciences Universidat de ValènciaBurjassotValencia 46010Spain NGO Vision Without Borders(Visio Sense Fronteres VSF)Calpe 03710AlicanteSpain Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology P.O Box 190-50100KakamegaKenya Clinica Baviera Alicante C/Ausóy Monzó 16Alicante 03006Spain

AIM:To investigate the prevalence of visual impairment(VI)and provide an estimation of uncorrected refractive errors in school-aged children,conducted by optometry students as a community ***:The study was *** 3343 participants were included in the *** initial examination involved assessing the uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA)and visual acuity(VA)while using a+2.00 D *** inclusion criteria for a subsequent comprehensive cycloplegic eye examination,performed by an optometrist,were as follows:a UDVAample had a mean age of 10.92±2.13y(range 4 to 17y),and 51.3%of the children were female(n=1715).The majority of the children(89.7%)fell within the age range of 8 to *** the ethnic groups,the highest representation was from the Luhya group(60.6%)followed by Luo(20.4%).Mean logMAR UDVA choosing the best eye for each student was 0.29±0.17(range 1.70 to 0.22).Out of the total,246 participants(7.4%)had a full eye *** estimated prevalence of myopia(defined as spherical equivalent≤-0.5 D)was found to be 1.45%of the total *** around 0.18%of the total sample had hyperopia value exceeding+1.75 *** astigmatism(cilractive *** was detected in 0.66%(22/3343)of the screened *** was no statistically significant correlation observed between age or gender and refractive ***:The primary cause of VI is determined to be uncorrected refractive errors,with myopia being the most prevalent refractive error *** findings underscore the significance of early identification and correction of refractive errors in school-aged children as a means to alleviate the impact of VI.

关键词： visual impairment refractive errors myopia amblyopia sustainable development goals

Prenatal Diagnosis of an Apically Located Congenital Left Ventricular Aneurysm: A rare Case

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Congenital Heart Disease 2024年第1期19卷 123-129页

作者： Yücel Kaya And Yavuz Hasan Berkan Sayal Büşra Tsakir Gökalp Kabacaoğlu Kadriye NilayÖzcan Department of Perinatology Antalya Education and Research HospitalUniversity of Health SciencesAntalyaTurkey Department of Perinatology Faculty of MedicineSüleyman Demirel UniversityIspartaTurkey

Congenital ventricular aneurysm is a very rare cardiac anomaly.A diagnosis can be made during the prenatal period using fetal *** study presents a very rare apically located left ventricular aneurysm case,and the relevant literature was reviewed and *** this case,a 35-year-old,gravida 2,parity 1 preg-nant woman at 24 weeks of gestation,displayed a wide aneurysmal image in the left ventricular apical wall on fetal *** was a 1.79 mm muscular ventricular septal defect at the apical region of the interven-tricular *** the course of the color Doppler ultrasonography examination,an aberrantﬁbrous band within the left ventricle and consequent turbulentﬂow during systole were *** baby,born via cesarean section at 37 weeks of gestation,is now in its postnatal seventh ***,during echocardiographic follow-ups,changes have been observed,including mild to moderate mitral insufﬁciency and a decrease in systolic *** theseﬁndings,the clinical condition remains *** is of great importance to use a multidis-ciplinary approach in managing these rare cases that could lead to potential adverse outcomes during the antena-tal or postnatal periods.

关键词： Heart aneurysm prenatal diagnosis echocardiography congenital heart defects left ventricle

Effectiveness of sensory integration therapy in children,focusing on Korean children:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第7期12卷 1260-1271页

作者： Seri Oh Jong-Sik Jang A-ra Jeon Geonwoo Kim Mihwa Kwon Bahoe Cho Narae Lee Department of Occupational Therapy Kangwon National University Graduate SchoolSamcheok 25949South Korea Department of Occupational Therapy Kangwon National UniversitySamcheok 25949South Korea Department of Occupational Therapy Ju-Ju Children Development CenterNonsansi 32985Chungcheongnam-doSouth Korea Department of Occupation Therapy Suwon Women’s UniversityGyeonggi-do 16632South Korea Hijam Center for Development of Children Ochang 28117South Korea Department of Occupational Therapy U1 UniversityChung-cheong bukdo 25949South Korea

BACKGROUND Sensory integration intervention is highly related to the child's effective interaction with the environment and the child's ***,various sensory integration interventions are being applied,but research methodological problems are arising due to unsystematic *** study aims to present the optimal intervention protocol by presenting scientific standards for sensory integration intervention through *** To prove the effectiveness of sensory integration therapy,examine the latest trend of sensory integration studies in Korea,and provide clinical evidence for sensory integration *** The database of Korean search engines,including RISS,KISS,and DBpia,was used to search for related literature published from 2001 to October *** keywords,“Children”,“Sensory integration”,“Integrated sensory”,“Sensorymotor”,and“Sensory stimulation”were used in this ***,a meta-analysis was conducted on 24 selected studiesRISS,KISS,and DBpia,was used to search for related literature published from 2001 to October *** keywords,“Children”,“Sensory integration”,“Integrated sensory”,“Sensorymotor”,and“Sensory stimulation”were used in this ***,a meta-analysis was conducted on 24 selected *** Sensory integration intervention has been proven effective in children with cerebral palsy,autism spectrum disorder,attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder,developmental disorder,and intellectual disability in relation to the diagnosis of *** sensory integration therapies,1:1 individual treatment with a therapist or a therapy session lasting for 40 min was most *** terms of dependent variables,sensory integration therapy effectively promoted social skills,adaptive behavior,sensory processing,and gross motor and fine motor *** The results of this study may be used as therapeutic evidence for sensory integration intervention in the clinical field of occupational therapy for

关键词： Children Meta-analysis Occupational therapy Sensory integration Sensory processing Social skills

Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors protect tissues via cellular and mitochondrial pathways:Experimental and clinical evidence

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 46-52页

作者： raúl Lelio Sanz Sebastián García Menéndez Felipe Inserra Leon Ferder Walter Manucha Department of Pathology Facultad de Ciencias MédicasUniversidad Nacional de CuyoMendoza 5500Argentina Department of Pharmacology Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de CuyoCentro Científico TecnológicoMendoza 5500Argentina Department of Nephrology Universidad de MaimónidesCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405Argentina Department of Cardiology Universidad de MaimónidesCiudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1405Argentina

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of cardiovascular disease(CVD)in metabolic syndrome and *** dysfunction promotes the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS),which cause oxidative stress and *** II,the main mediator of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,also contributes to CVD by promoting ROS *** activity of sirtuins(SIRTs),a family of proteins that regulate cellular metabolism,also worsens oxidative *** of energy production by mitochondria is a common feature of all metabolic *** SIRT levels and 5’adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling stimulate hypoxia-inducible factor 1 beta,which promotes ***,in turn,increases autophagy and mitophagy,processes that clear cells of debris and protect against *** cotransporter-2 inhibitors(SGLT2i),a class of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes,have a beneficial effect on these *** clinical trials have shown that SGLT2i improves cardiac function and reduces the rate of cardiovascular and renal ***2i also increase mitochondrial efficiency,reduce oxidative stress and inflammation,and strengthen *** findings suggest that SGLT2i hold great potential for the treatment of ***,they are proposed as anti-aging drugs;however,rigorous research is needed to validate these preliminary findings.

关键词： Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors Cardiovascular diseases Sirtuins Oxidative stress Inflammation Mitochondrial dysfunction

Improving the radiological diagnosis of hepatic artery thrombosis after liver transplantation: Current approaches and future challenges

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第1期14卷 1-8页

作者： Cristian Lindner raúl Riquelme Rodrigo San Martín Frank Quezada Jorge Valenzuela Juan P Maureira Martín Einersen Department of radiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ConcepciónConcepción 4030000Chile Department of radiology Hospital Clínico Regional Guillermo Grant BenaventeConcepción 4030000Chile Department of Statistics Catholic University of MauleTalca 3460000Chile Neurovascular Unit Department of RadiologyHospital Clínico Regional Guillermo Grant BenaventeConcepción 4030000Chile

Hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT)is a devastating vascular complication following liver transplantation,requiring prompt diagnosis and rapid revascularization treatment to prevent graft *** present,imaging modalities such as ultrasound,computed tomography,and magnetic resonance play crucial roles in diagnosing *** imaging techniques have improved sensitivity and specificity for HAT diagnosis,they have limitations that hinder the timely diagnosis of this *** this sense,the emergence of artificial intelligence(AI)presents a transformative opportunity to address these diagnostic *** development of machine learning algorithms and deep neural networks has demonstrated the potential to enhance the precision diagnosis of liver transplant complications,enabling quicker and more accurate detection of *** article examines the current landscape of imaging diagnostic techniques for HAT and explores the emerging role of AI in addressing future challenges in the diagnosis of HAT after liver transplant.

关键词： Liver transplantation Postoperative complications Hepatic artery Thrombosis radiology Artificial intelligence

Embracing different languages and local differences:Coconstructive patient simulation strengthens host countries’clinical training in psychiatry

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 111-118页

作者： Şafak ErayÇamlı Büşra Ece Yavuz Meliha Feyza Gök Idil Yazgan Yanki Yazgan Ayelet Brand-Gothelf Doron Gothelf Doron amsalem Andrés Martin Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Bursa UludağUniversity Faculty of MedicineBursa 16059 Turkey Yale University School of Medicine New HavenCT 06510United States Güzel Günler Clinic Beşiktaş/İstanbul 34335 Turkey Child Study Center Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States The Feinberg Child Study Center Schneider Children's Medical Center of IsraelTel Aviv UniversityPetach Tikvah 4920235Israel The Child Psychiatry Division Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s HospitalSheba Medical CenterTel HashomerRamat Gan 52561Israel Faculty of Medicine and Sagol School of Neuroscience Tel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 6997801Israel Department of Psychiatry Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew YorkNY 10032United States

BACKGROUND Global education in psychiatry is heavily influenced by knowledge from Western,high-income countries,which obscures local voices and *** To adapt a human simulation model to psychiatric education in a context that is specific to local languages and *** We conducted an observational study consisting of six human simulation sessions with standardized patients from two host countries,speaking their native languages,and following an adaptation of the co-constructive patient simulation(CCPS)*** local faculty became increasingly familiar with the CCPS approach,they took on the role of facilitators—in their country’s native *** Fifty-three learners participated:19 child and adolescent psychiatry trainees and 3 faculty members in Türkiye(as a group that met online during 3 consecutive months);and 24 trainees and 7 faculty in Israel(divided into 3 groups,in parallel in-person sessions during a single training day).Each of the six cases reflected local realities and clinical challenges,and was associated with specific learning goals identified by each case-writing *** Human simulation has not been fully incorporated into psychiatric education:The creation of immersive clinical experiences and the strengthening of reflective practice are two areas ripe for *** adaptations of CCPS can also strengthen local and regional networks and psychiatric communities of ***,the model can help question and press against hegemonies in psychiatric training that overshadow local expertise.

关键词： Human simulation Standardized patients Medical education Psychiatric education Capacity building Local languages

A Retrospective Analysis of Intoxicated Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Institution Assessment in the Post-Pandemic Period

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 159-167页

作者： Müge Arikan Abdullah Yeşilkaya Büşra Nur Taşdelen İbrahim Özyiğit Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Faculty of Medicine Karabuk University Karabuk Turkey

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with acute intoxication admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Material and Methods: An observational retrospective study was conducted on intoxicated patients who admitted to ICU between January 2022 and January 2024. Data were collected from the patients medical records. The demographic characteristics, causes of intoxications, clinical parameters, the mean stay in the ICU, treatment modalities and prognosis were recorded. Results: A total of 2875 critically ill patients were admitted during the study period, and 109 (3.79%) of them were acute intoxications. Their mean of ages was 38.09 ± 12.29. The female-to-male ratio was 1.37/1. Drugs were found to be the primary cause (62.39%) of intoxications, and analgesics, antidepressants, and antibiotics were the most frequent agents. Suicidal attempts were present in 66 patients, most of them were female (62.13%) and between 17 - 24 years (40.91%). The other common causes of intoxications were carbon monoxide (CO) (22.02%), methyl/ethyl alcohol (8.26%) and mushroom (5.50%). The mean stay in the ICU was 2.69 ± 0.89 days. Mechanical ventilation was applied to 10 of our patients. Renal replacement therapy was required in 6 patients. Despite all treatments, 6 of our patients died, and we found the mortality rate to be 5.50%. Conclusion: Intoxications were more frequent in young female patients and drugs were the most common cause with suicidal intent. Unfortunately, CO poisoning continues to be a very important problem in our city. These findings provided significant information about the characteristics of intoxications in Karabuk.

关键词： Intoxication Intensive Care Unit Suicidal Mortality

Vegetation Response To Soil And Morphological Properties In An Arid Region Alluvial Fan Landscape. Pre-Andes Of San Juan， Argentina

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： FLORES Daniel Germán OCA?A raúl Emmanuel MELIáN Edgardo ORTEG Andrés ESPER ANGILLIERI María Yanina PITTALUGA María Alejandra CIGEOBIO (CONICET-UNSJ) Av.José I.de la Roza y Meglioli Gabinete de Geología ambiental INGEO Universidad Nacional de San Juan Av.José I.de la Roza y Meglioli

The Monte Desert is characterized by a great diversity of landforms created with fluvial， alluvial which the vegetation patterns are related to. The present work has the following objectives: 1: determine whether topographical attributes， surface characteristics， soil properties and vegetation patterns vary between alluvial landforms， and 2: define whether morphometric， soil and surface properties influence vegetation patterns along alluvial landscape. Morphometric data were obtained by processing a 5 m digital elevation model. The coverage of rock fragments， fine sediments and mulch was quantified. Observations and descriptions of the soil profiles were restricted to the uppermost 50 cm. Vegetation properties were calculated using a Point Quadrat Method. The relationship between variables was evaluated through multivariate statistical analysis. The main results show the presence of 45 plant species distributed in 19 families， where shrubs are dominant. The wind effect， topographic wetness and dissection of the landscape are limiting factors of diversity. The coverage of superficial rock fragments influence vegetation coverage through the distribution and availability of rainwater. Furthermore， the different soil textures reveal that the silt content favors an increase in vegetation coverage. The presence of V horizon could condition the installation and development of vegetation in the early stages of growth.

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Environmental determinants of social wasp diversity and assemblage structure in an amazonian archipelagic landscape

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Zoological Research(Diversity and Conservation) 2024年第2期1卷 121-129页

作者： Jose Victor Alves Ferreira Alexandre Somavilla Maíra Benchimol Ana Filipa Palmeirim Carlos APeres Danielle Storck-Tonon Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada àConservação Universidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéus 45662-900Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da amazônia Coordenação de BiodiversidadeManaus 69067-001Brazil CIBIO Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos GenéticosInBIO Laboratório AssociadoCampus de VairãoUniversidade do PortoVairão 4485-661Portugal BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics Biodiversity and Land PlanningCIBIOCampus de VairãoVairão 4485-661Portugal School of Environmental Sciences University of East AngliaNorwich NR47TJUK Instituto Juruá Manaus69057-060Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduação em ambiente e Sistemas de Produção Agrícola(PPGASP) Universidade do Estado de Mato GrossoTangaráda Serra 78300-970Brazil

Hydropower development has become an important driver of habitat loss and fragmentation across lowland tropical *** ample evidence on the detrimental effects of insular habitat fragmentation on biodiversity,invertebrate taxa,that may be critical to ecosystem functioning,have been *** assessed the assemblage-level responses of social wasps to forest insularization induced by the Balbina Hydroelectric Dam in Central Brazilian *** Malaise trapping,we captured wasps on 27 forest islands and three continuous *** constructed Generalized Linear Models and employed a model selection approach to examine the impact of local variables(fire severity(FIRE)and basal area of pioneer tree species(PIONEER))and landscape-scale variables(amount of habitat(COVER))on patterns of species richness,composition,and body size of wasps.A total of 374 individuals(29 species)were collected across all sampling *** was the main predictor of species richness,while PIONEER was the only variable that explained variation in community composition,with a negative effect on body *** results add evidence to the pervasive impacts of large hydroelectric dams on tropical forest biodiversity,and suggest that social wasps,among other invertebrates,can be used as bioindicators in infrastructure development projects.

关键词： Habitat amount hypothesis Habitat fragmentation Habitat loss Hydroelectric dams Invertebrates