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Atomic-to-molecular gas conversion: Combining multi-wavelength and multi-scale data

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第9期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 207-208页

作者： am.lie Saintonge Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London

Our view on galaxy evolution has changed significantly over the past decade, with considerable attention now being paid to better understanding the full baryon cycle. This includes careful characterisation of the gas flows in and out of galaxies, the connection of galaxies with their circumgalactic medium, and the impacts of feedback on the interstellar medium.

关键词： GALAXIES

Stability Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Additive Mixed-Precision Runge-Kutta Methods

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 705-738页

作者： Ben Burnett Sigal Gottlieb Zachary J.grant Center for Scientific Computing and Data Science Research UMass DartmouthNorth DartmouthMassachusettsUSA CSME Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA

Additive Runge-Kutta methods designed for preserving highly accurate solutions in mixed-precision computation were previously proposed and *** specially designed methods use reduced precision for the implicit computations and full precision for the explicit *** this work,we analyze the stability properties of these methods and their sensitivity to the low-precision rounding errors,and demonstrate their performance in terms of accuracy and *** develop codes in FORTRAN and Julia to solve nonlinear systems of ODEs and PDEs using the mixed-precision additive Runge-Kutta(MP-ARK)*** convergence,accuracy,and runtime of these methods are *** show that for a given level of accuracy,suitably chosen MP-ARK methods may provide significant reductions in runtime.

关键词： Mixed precision Runge-Kutta methods Additive methods Accuracy

The neurovascular unit-on-a-chip:modeling ischemic stroke to stem cell therapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1431-1432页

作者： Seonghun Kim Minjun Kim Gerald A.grant Wonjae Lee Department of Neurosurgery Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Department of Neurobiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Duke Institute for Brain Sciences Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Duke Cancer Institute Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

The neurovascular unit and stem cell therapy in ischemic stroke:Ischemic stroke,accounts for approximately 85% of all stroke incidents and is a major global health *** is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide,posing immense societal and economic challenges due to the long-term care required for stro ke survivors and the significant healthcare costs associated with its treatment and management(am.renco et al.,2009).

关键词： death unit

Rodent management in Aotearoa New Zealand: approaches and challenges to landscape-scale control

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 8-26页

作者： John G.INNES grant NORBURY Araceli Sam.NIEGO Susan WALKER Deborah J.WILSON Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research HamiltonNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AlexandraNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AucklandNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research DunedinNew Zealand

Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all *** order of arrival,they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat ***,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat *** management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases,as is usual *** describe four major“regimes”and one major vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration *** challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by *** 1080 is the only large-scale(tens of thousands of hectares)option for black rat control,but its application requires adjustment to counter subsequent rapid black rat ***“ecosanctuaries”(mean 720 ha)use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant *** with mam.al-resistant fences(up to 3500 ha)limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main *** Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species(but not mice)plus some other introduced mam.als from New Zealand by *** vision is not attainable with current tools,but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and *** large scale(to 100000 ha)at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.

关键词： black rat brown rat eradication house mouse rodent control

Rodent biology and ecologically based rodent management(EBRM)-25 years of progress through promoting multidisciplinary research

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： grant R. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS Rhodes MAKUNDI Steven R. BELMAIN Natural Resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIRO Health and Biosecurity Canberra ACT Australia African Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“During rodent outbreak years in eastern Africa,lo-cally,more than 80%of the potential harvest may be lost,but even in non-outbreak periods,rodents cause chronic dam.ge to crops….The pest rodent story in Africa in-volves several species embedded in a broad and variable landscape with highly variable densities.”(Leirs et al.2010).

关键词： dam.ge crops

Routine utilization of machine perfusion in liver transplantation:Ready for prime time?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第11期30卷 1488-1493页

作者： Alessandro Parente Keyue Sun Philipp Dutkowski am.Jam.s Shapiro Andrea Schlegel Department of Surgery Division of TransplantationUniversity of Alberta HospitalEdmonton T6G 2B7Canada Immunity and Inflam.ation Lerner Research InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States Swiss Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Center Department of Visceral and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Hospital ZurichZurich 8091Switzerland Immunity and Inflam.ation Digestive Disease and Surgery InstituteClevelandOH 44195United States

The last decade has been notable for increasing high-quality research and dram.tic improvement in outcomes with dynam.c liver *** evidence from numerous randomized controlled trials has been pooled by meta-analyses,providing the highest available evidence on the protective effect of machine perfusion(MP)over static cold storage in liver transplantation(LT).Based on a protective effect with less complications and improved graft survival,the field has seen a paradigm shift in organ *** editorial focuses on the role of MP in LT and how it could become the new“gold standard”.Strong collaborative efforts are needed to explore its effects on long-term outcomes.

关键词： Liver transplantation Machine perfusion Viability assessment Hypothermic oxygenated perfusion Normothermic machine perfusion

The use of oral human immunodeficiency virus pre-exposure prophylaxis in pregnant and lactating women in sub-Saharan Africa:considerations,barriers,and recommendations

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Global Health Journal 2024年第2期8卷 41-45页

作者： Enos Moyo grant Murewanhema Perseverance Moyo Tafadzwa Dzinam.rira Andrew Ross School of Nursing&Public Health College of Health SciencesUniversity of Kwa-Zulu NatalDurbanSouth Africa Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of ZimbabweHarareZimbabwe Medical Centre Oshakati OshakatiNamibia School of Health Systems and Public Health University of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

In sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),63%of new human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infections in 2021 were am.ng women,particularly adolescent girls,and young *** is a high incidence of HIV am.ng pregnant and lactating women(PLW)in *** is estimated that the risk of HIV-acquisition during pregnancy and the postpartum period more than *** this article,we discuss the safety and effectiveness of drugs used for oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis(PrEP),considerations for initiating PrEP in PLW,the barriers to initiating and adhering to PrEP am.ng them and suggest recommendations to address these ***/emtricitabine,the most widely used combination in SSA,is safe,clinically effective,and cost-effective am.ng *** PLW who requests PrEP and has no medical contraindications should receive *** users who are pregnant or lactating may experience barriers to starting and adhering for a variety of reasons,including personal,pill-related,and healthcare facility-related *** address the barriers,we recommend an increased provision of information on PrEP to the women and the communities,increasing and/or facilitating access to PrEP am.ng the PLW,and developing strategies to increase adherence.

关键词： Pre-exposure prophylaxis Pregnancy Lactation Safety Barriers Recommendations

Exploring the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on predator inspection activity in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 109-111页

作者： Alix J.P Brusseau Laurence E.A.Feyten Adam.L.Crane grant E.Brown Department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada Department of Biomedical Sciences WCVMUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Prey animals are often faced with uncertainty due to having imperfect information regarding current local conditions,including predation risks and the availability of reliable foraging opportunities(Dall 2010).As this uncertainty increases,the probability of making costly behavioral errors also increases,leading to more risk averse behavioral tactics(Feyten et al.2019).For exam.le,Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata are far more risk averse when faced with multiple unknown sources of risk assessment information than when faced with a mix of known and unknown cues(Feyten et al.2019).Prey can reduce uncertainty by gathering and integrating private and social information regarding current risk levels within microhabitats(Dall 2010;Munoz and Blumstein 2012).

关键词： human disturbance information availability information reliability predator-prey interactions risk assessment uncertainty

An Ethical Fram.work for the Use of AI by Revenue Authorities

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Belt and Road Initiative Tax Journal 2024年第1期 41-51页

作者： grant Wardell-Johnson Conrad Turley KPMG

The use of Al may give rise to substantial benefits but also significant risks for revenue *** paper provides a brief outline of the perceived strengths and weaknesses of Al and potential use of Al in tax *** include the use of Al in risk assessment such as the selection of taxpayers for review or audit,the detection of fraud,nearest neighbour guidance,predictive analysis,anticipating changes in behaviours,improving revenue authorities' internal efficiency including transfer pricing benchmarking,and providing support and guidance to taxpayers through *** authorities are strong candidates for the use of Al given that data is central to what they *** paper postulates more than 20principles which could form the basis of an ethical fram.work for revenue authorities including policies on transparency,communication,traceability,explainability,human supervision,processes for the rectification of errors,data protection,privacy and *** believe that the adoption of these policies will reduce risks to revenue authorities and build trust in tax *** also believe that sharing best practices am.ngst revenue authorities should be a clear BRITACOM initiative consistent with its aims and objectives.

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