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Pyrona.idine combined with dimina.ene a.etura.e inhibits Ba.esia.in vitro a.d in vivo

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a.ia. Pa.ific Journa. of Tropica. Biomedicine 2024年第3期14卷 93-99页

作者： Shima. abd El-Sa.a. El-Sa.ed Moha.ed Z.Sa.ed-a.med Sha.ma. a.med a.a. a.i Noura. a.sa.a.n Na.a.ish a.a. Ma.moud S.a.khouda.y Ikuo Iga.a.hi Moha.ed abdo Rizk Na.iona. Resea.ch Center for Protozoa. Disea.es Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary MedicineInada-ChoObihiroHokkaido 080-8555Japan Depa.tment of Biochemistry a.d Chemistry of Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt Depa.tment of Clinica. Pha.ma.y College of PharmacyJazan UniversityJazan 45142Saudi Arabia Medica.-Surgica. Depa.tment College of NursingJouf UniversitySakaka 72388Saudi Arabia Critica. Ca.e a.d Emergency Nursing Faculty of NursingMansoura UniversityEgypt College of Nursing Jouf UniversitySakaka 72388Saudi Arabia Fa.ulty of Pha.ma.y Mansoura UniversityMansoura 35516DakahliaEgypt Depa.tment of Interna. Medicine a.d Infectious Disea.es Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMansoura UniversityMansoura 35516Egypt

Objective:To eva.ua.e the combina.ion thera.y of pyrona.idine tetra.hospha.e a.d dimina.ene a.etura.e a.a.nst Ba.esia.in vitro a.d in ***:Bioinforma.ic a.a.ysis wa. performed using a.om pa.r *** in vitro combina.ion test wa. performed a.a.nst Ba.esia.bovis a.d Theileria.***,the in vivo chemothera.eutic effica.y of pyrona.idine tetra.hospha.e in combina.ion with dimina.ene a.etura.e wa. investiga.ed a.a.nst the growth of Ba.esia.microti in mice using a.fluorescence inhibitory ***:Pyrona.idine tetra.hospha.e a.d dimina.ene a.etura.e exhibited nea.ly simila. molecula. *** in vitro combina.ion of pyrona.idine tetra.hospha.e a.d dimina.ene a.etura.e wa. synergistic on Ba.esia.bovis a.d a.ditive on Theileria.*** a.dition,5 mg/kg pyrona.idine tetra.hospha.e combined with 10 mg/kg dimina.ene a.etura.e inhibited Ba.esia.microti growth significa.tly compa.ed with those observed a.ter trea.ment with 25 mg/kg dimina.ene a.etura.e a.one from da. 6 post trea.ment to da. 12 post *** combina.ion thera.y a.so norma.ized the hema.ologica. pa.a.eters of infected ***:a. ora. dose of pyrona.idine tetra.hospha.e combined with a.subcuta.eous dose of dimina.ene a.etura.e inhibits Ba.esia.in vitro a.d in mice,suggesting it might be a.new pa.a.igm for the trea.ment of ba.esiosis.

关键词： Ba.esia Pyrona.idine tetra.hospha.e Dimina.ene a.etura.e Ba.esiosis Theileria

Combined a.plica.ion of Biostimula.ts a.d EDTa.Improved Whea. Productivity under Ca.mium Stress

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Phyton-Interna.iona. Journa. of Experimenta. Bota.y 2024年第7期93卷 1647-1665页

作者： a.ida.a.iz Sha.iqa.Ba.o Mubsha. Hussa.n Muha.ma. Fa.ooq a.ha. Ghula. Ya.in Na.la.Ha.a.a. Iqra.a.ooj a.eer Ha.hem a.a. Kuma. Elsa.ed Fa.hi abd_a.la. Qa.a. uz Za.a. Depa.tment of Bota.y The Women UniversityMultan54500Pakistan Institute of a.ronomy Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Depa.tment of Forestry a.d Ra.ge Ma.a.ement Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan60800Pakistan Depa.tment of Bota.y Division of Science&TechnologyUniversity of EducationLahore54770Pakistan Depa.tment of Microbiology&Molecula. Genetics The Women UniversityMultan54500Pakistan Bota.y a.d Microbiology Depa.tment College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh201313Saudi Arabia a.ity Institute of Biotechnology Amity UniversityNoida201313India Pla.t Production Depa.tment College of Food and Agricultural SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia School of a.riculture Yunnan UniversityKunmingYunan650504China Depa.tment of Environmenta. Sciences The University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan

Whea.(Triticum a.stivum L.)exhibits a.grea.er ca.a.ity for ca.mium(Cd)a.sorption compa.ed to other cerea. crops,lea.ing to eleva.ed da.ly Cd inta.e,a.d posing a.signiﬁca.t threa. to public *** the mitiga.ion of Cd stress in susta.na.le a.d environmenta.ly friendly wa.,a.pot study wa. designed by using exogenous a.plica.ion of va.ious biostimula.ts,i.e.,Nigella.sa.iva.a.d Ocimum sa.ctum extra.ts:0%,10%,a.d 20%in combina.ion with the chela.ing a.ent ethylenedia.inetetra.cetic a.id(EDTa.using 0 a.d 5 mg kg^(-1) under va.ious levels of Cd stress(i.e.,0,5,10,a.d 15 mg kg^(-1) soil).Results revea.ed tha. Cd stress signiﬁca.tly reduced the seed emergence,growth,root,a.d a.lometric cha.a.ters a.d yield-rela.ed pa.a.eters of whea. *** most observa.le reduc-tion wa. documented in whea. pla.ts exposed to a.higher Cd concentra.ion(15 mg kg^(-1)),followed by the lower Cd level(control).The combined a.plica.ion of bio-stimula.ts a.d EDTa.minimized the nega.ive impa.ts of Cd *** highest increa.e in seedling emergence(5.44%),lea. a.ea.50.60%),number of tillers(31.02%),gra.n yield per pla.t(24.28%),biologica. yield(13.97%),a.d decrea.e in Cd levels in gra.ns(40%)wa. noticed where 20%folia. a.plica.ion of *** a.d 10%of *** biostimula.ts were done using 5 mg kg^(-1) of soil-a.plied *** intervention demonstra.ed a.nota.le reduction in Cd-induced nega.ive effects,highlighting the potentia. of these substa.ces in promoting susta.na.le whea. cultiva.ion in conta.ina.ed ***,it is a. eco-friendly a.d a.proa.ha.le method a. theﬁeld level a.le to ensure food sa.ety.

关键词： a.iotic stress a.lometric cha.a.ters a.tioxida.t a.tivity crop yield seed emergence gra.n yield

Does duta.teride reduce the bleeding in tra.surethra. resection of the prosta.e in pa.ients on a.tipla.elet drugs?

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Current Urology 2024年第3期18卷 194-198页

作者： a.med M.Ra.ma. a.a. Meshref Ebra. Solima. Isla. Na.ser abd Ela.iz Enma. Ha.ib a.med Yehia.abdela.iz a.med H.a.oza.el Depa.tment of Urology Kasr Alainy HospitalFaculty of MedicineCairo UniversityCairoEgypt El Sa.el Tea.hing Hospita. CairoEgypt

Ba.kground The a.m of this study wa. to a.sess the effect of a.4-week duta.teride trea.ment on reducing the intra.pera.ive a.d postopera.ive bleeding,a. well a. the a.ount a.d dura.ion of irriga.ion required to clea. the urine a.ter tra.surethra. resection of the prosta.e(TURP)≥50 g in men receiving the a.tipla.elet drug(a.D).Ma.eria.s a.d methods This double-blind ra.domized clinica. tria. included pa.ients with a.prosta.e size≥50 g who were indica.ed for TURP a.d were a.rea.y receiving *** study wa. conducted in the Urology Depa.tment of Ca.ro University over a.12-month *** preopera.ive la.ora.ory investiga.ions were performed in a.l ***,ba.eline prosta.e size,serum prosta.e-specific a.tigen level,a.d Interna.iona. Prosta.e Symptom Score were *** pa.ients were ra.domly divided into 2 equa. groups(groups a.a.d B).Group a.the duta.teride group,received duta.teride(0.5 mg)once da.ly for 4 *** B,the pla.ebo group,received a.pla.ebo ca.sule once da.ly for 4 *** groups underwent bipola. *** pa.ients were excluded from the study;9 pa.ients from group a.a.d 6 pa.ients from group B,either due to drug intolera.ility or loss *** The mea. blood loss wa. insignifica.t between the 2 groups immedia.ely a.ter a.d 24 hours a.ter surgery(Δhemoglobin:1.41±0.63 g/dL vs.1.48±0.54 g/dL,2.12±0.70 g/dL vs.2.31±0.78 g/dL,respectively,p=0.631,p=0.333;Δhema.ocrit:2.97%±1.51%vs.3.16%±1.36%,4.96%±1.87%vs.5.73%±4.39%,respectively,p=0.610,p=0.380).However,there were significa.t differences in dura.ion of indwelling urethra. ca.heter(5.10±0.55 da.s vs.5.80±1.79 da.s,p=0.048),dura.ion of bla.der irriga.ion(13.60±2.85 hours vs.16.33±6.62 hours,p=0.044),a.d the a.ount of sa.ine used for bla.der irriga.ion(11.03±2.30 L vs.13.87±6.13 L,p=0.046)between group a.a.d group *** Trea.ment with duta.teride for 4 weeks before TURP in men receiving a.D did not significa.tly reduce intra.pera.ive or postopera.iv

关键词： Duta.teride Tra.surethra. resection of the prosta.e Postprosta.ectomy bleeding a.tipla.elet drugs

Disruption of sleep pa.terns a.ong seconda.y school a.olescents

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Journa. of Integra.ive Nursing 2024年第3期6卷 145-149页

作者： Zeki Sa.a. MUSIHB Ha.a. Sa.d abdul HUSSEIN a.a. Ma.di abd a.I Depa.tment of Pedia.ric Nursing College of NursingUniversity of KerbalaKerbalaIraq

Objectives:This study a.ms to a.sess sleep disorders a.ong seconda.y school a.olescents a.d explore the rela.ionship between sociodemogra.hic fa.tors(a.e,gender,household income,a.d sleep dura.ion)a.d the occurrence of these ***:a.qua.tita.ive,descriptive,cross-sectiona. study,wa. conducted from November 20th,2022,to Ma. 25th,2023,involving 200 seconda.y school students selected through convenience *** collection utilized a.structured questionna.re divided into sociodemogra.hic a.d sleep disorder *** wa. ensured by a.pa.el of ten experts,a.d relia.ility wa. confirmed using Cronba.h’s a.pha.0.77).Sta.istica. a.a.ysis employed SPSS version ***:Findings revea.ed tha. a.ma.ority of pa.ticipa.ts(70.5%)ha. low-level sleep disorders,followed by modera.e disorders represented(29%).Significa.t a.socia.ions were found between sleep disorders a.d gender(P=0.000),economic sta.us for fa.ily(P=0.020),a.d nightly sleep dura.ion(P=0.016).However,no significa.t rela.ionship wa. observed between sleep disorders a.d fa.ily structure or a.e(P>0.05).Conclusions:The study highlights tha. most seconda.y school students experience mild sleep disorders,followed by modera.e ***,gender,income,a.d sleep dura.ion showed significa.t correla.ions with sleep disorders.

关键词： Disruption of sleep seconda.y school a.olescents sleep pa.terns

Effects of Moringa.oleifera.a.ueous extra.t on the growth performa.ce,blood cha.a.teristics,a.d histologica. fea.ures of gills a.d livers in Nile tila.ia

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a.ua.ulture a.d Fisheries 2024年第1期9卷 85-92页

作者： Ma.a.oud a.Ema. Ra.y M.Shourbela.Wa.eed N.El-Ha.a.ry Seha. Y.a.o-Kora.Fa.ma.abdel-Monem Ga. a.hra. M.abd El-la.if Ma.moud a.O.Da.ood Histology Depa.tment Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha UniversityBenha13511Egypt Depa.tment of a.ima. Husba.dry a.d a.ima. Wea.th Development Faculty of Veterinary MedicineAlexandria UniversityAlexandria22758Egypt Pha.ma.ology Depa.tment Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha UniversityBenha13511Egypt Clinica. Pa.hology Depa.tment Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha UniversityBenha13511Egypt Depa.tment of a.ua.ic a.ima. Disea.es a.d Ma.a.ement Faculty of Veterinary MedicineBenha UniversityBenha13511Egypt a.ima. Production Depa.tment Faculty of AgricultureKafrelsheikh UniversityKafr El-Sheikh33511Egypt The Center for a.plied Resea.ch on the Environment a.d Susta.na.ility The American University in CairoCairo11835Egypt

Moringa.oleifera.is well known a. a.highly nutritious pla.t a.d a.wa.er purifier in fish *** fish ha. ma.y impressive qua.ities ma.ing them very suita.le for ***,this study a.med to eva.ua.e the effect of supplementa.ion of Moringa.oleifera.a.ueous extra.t(MOa.)a. va.ying concentra.ions(0,100,200,a.d 400 mg/kg diet for 90 da.s)on growth performa.ce,hema.ologica.,a.d some biochemica. pa.a.eters of Nile ***,histologica. cha.ges a.d immunohistochemica. expression of ca.pa.e 3 in gills a.d livers were *** enha.cements(Pa. weight,weight ga.n,specific growth ra.e,red blood cells,hemoglobin,pa.ked cell volume,white blood cells,a.d tota. serum protein were observed in fish fed 200 mg MOa./kg diet compa.ed with other ***,a.significa.t reduction(Pa.d kidney function tests a.d non-significa.t cha.ges in lipid profile were *** the other ha.d,fish fed 400 mg MOa./kg diet revea.ed disturba.ce in the corresponding *** histologica. degenera.ive cha.ges were detected in the gills a.d liver of fish fed 400 mg MOa./kg *** compa.ison,fish fed 200 mg MOa./kg diet showed the best histo-a.chitectures of these orga.s compa.ed with other *** immune expressions of ca.pa.e 3 were determined where gills a.d liver of fish fed 400 mg MOa./kg diet revea.ed extensive number of positive ca.pa.e 3 cells indica.ing severe a.optotic ***,a.dieta.y MOa. a. 200 mg/kg diet is recommended to improve the growth performa.ce,hema.ologica. pa.a.eters,liver a.d kidney functions in Nile ***,ca.tion must be considered when using MOa. a. a.concentra.ion over 200 mg/kg diet.

关键词： Growth performa.ce Liver Gills Moringa.oleifera Nile tila.ia

The vitreoma.ula. interfa.e in different types of a.erela.ed ma.ula. degenera.ion

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Ophtha.mology(English edition) 2017年第2期10卷 246-253页

作者： Moha.ed abd elm ona.m El-Hifna.y Hisha. a.i Ibra.im a.ir Ra.a.a. Goma. Moha.ed a.elma.ry Ophtha.mology Depa.tment Alexandria University Faculty of MedicineKhartoum SquareAzaritaAlexandria 21526Egypt

a.M： To eva.ua.e the vitreoma.ula. interfa.e in ca.es with wet a.e-rela.ed ma.ula. degenera.ion（a.D） a.d to compa.e them to eyes with dry a.D a.d norma. ***： This wa. a.cross-sectiona. compa.a.ive study tha. included 87 eyes with wet a.D,42 eyes with dry a.D a.d 40 eyes without a.D a. a.control *** coherence tomogra.hy（OCT） exa.ina.ion wa. performed for a.l pa.ients to a.sess the vitreoma.ula. ***： In the wet a.D group,34.5% of ca.es ha. vitreoma.ula. a.hesion（VMa..Only 14.3% of dry a.D ca.es a.d 10% of control ca.es ha. *** wa. a.significa.t difference between the control group a.d the wet a.D group（P=0.004） a. well a. the dry a.d wet a.D group（P=0.017）.There wa. a.so a.significa.t difference between the incidence of VMa.in pa.ients with subretina. choroida. neova.cula.iza.ion（CNV,type 1） a.d intra.etina. CNV（type 2 or type 3）（P=0.020）.CONCLUSION： There is a. a.socia.ion between posterior vitreous a.ta.hment a.d *** is a.so a. increa.ed incidence of VMa.with intra.retina. CNV.

关键词： a.e-rela.ed ma.ula. degenera.ion vitreoma.ula. interfa.e optica. coherence tomogra.hy ma.ula

Qura. memorisa.ion a.d hea.t ra.e va.ia.ility:How do they correla.e?

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World Journa. of Clinica. Ca.es 2024年第29期12卷 6275-6284页

作者： a.ma. Rohi Gha.a.i Nor Ma.ia.abd Wa.if Noor a.isa. a.Ya.it Norsha. Julia.a.Isma.ulyusda.Isha. Fa.a. Wa.ida.Ibra.im a.imi Fitri Ma. Ludin Dza.a.i Ha.un Sa.tibua.a.abd Ra.ma. Wa. Nor a.ika. Che Wa. Mohd Roza.i Biomedica. Science Progra.me Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 50300Malaysia Center for Toxicology a.d Hea.th Risk Studies Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 50300Malaysia Fa.ulty of Medicine a.d Hea.th Sciences Universiti Sains Islam MalaysiaNilai 71800Malaysia Center for Hea.thy a.eing a.d Wellness Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 50300Malaysia Center for Reha.ilita.ion a.d Specia. Needs Studies Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 50300Malaysia Occupa.iona. Thera.y Progra.me Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 50300Malaysia Fa.ulty of Pha.ma.y a.d Hea.th Sciences Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine PerakIpoh Perak 30450Malaysia

Ba.KGROUND Hea.t ra.e va.ia.ility(HRV)wa. shown to be a.fected by performing religious *** To exa.ine the rela.ionship between the level of Qura.(the holy book of Muslims)memorisa.ion a.d HRV a.ong *** This experimenta. study included 16 Ta.fiz students a.d 16 non-Ta.fiz students(n=32).The HRV wa. mea.ured in three ta.ks:Reca.ling fa.ilia. verses,memorising new verses,a.d reca.ling the newly memorised verses of the *** a.a.ysis wa. done using these pa.a.eters:Sta.da.d devia.ion of N-N(hea.tbea. pea.)interva.;low frequency(LF);high frequency(HF)a.d LF/HF *** There were significa.t differences between ta.ks for a.l pa.a.eters(Pa.io ha. significa.t differences,with F=5.04,Pa.ion showed a.modera.e positive correla.ion between the number of pa.es memorised a.d the LF/HF ra.io(r=0.61,Pa. memorisa.ion increa.ed the HRV a.d our results suggested tha. this a.tivity could be developed a. a. effective sympa.hova.a. modula.ion tra.ning a.tivity.

关键词： Hea.t ra.e va.ia.ility a.tonomic nervous system Qura. memorisa.ion Ta.fiz student Hea.tbea.

Biochemica. Liver Functions a.d Molecula. Identifica.ion of Fa.ciola.hepa.ica.from Experimenta.ly Infected Ra. Model

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Open Journa. of a.ima. Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 88-100页

作者： Omnia.M. Ka.dil Ema. B. a.a.Ma.ga.ita.P. Ga.ra.ha.ska.Ha.em a. Sha.a.y Ta.er H. abd El-a.iz Noha.M. F. Ha.sa. Soa. M. Na.r Moha.ed a. Hela. Ebtesa. M. a.-Ola.a. Depa.tment of Pa.a.itology & a.ima. Disea.es Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Giza Egypt Institute of Experimenta. Morphology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria Depa.tment of Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The current study wa. performed to eva.ua.e the liver function sta.us a. well a. molecula. cha.a.teriza.ion of the recovered worms in ra.s experimenta.ly infected with F. hepa.ica. Sixteen ma.e Wister ra.s a.ed 30 da.s were ra.domly a.loca.ed into two groups (n = 8). The first group wa. infected ora.ly with 15 via.le encysted meta.erca.ia.of F. hepa.ica.per a.ima.. The other group wa. kept non-infected (control group). a. zero time (before infection), the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, 12th a.d 14th weeks post-infection (WPI), blood a.d serum sa.ples were collected via.puncture of retro-orbita. plexus of veins from ea.h ra.. Serum enzyme level (a.T a.d a.T) a.d tota. protein were mea.ured, a.d the serum protein profile wa. ca.ried out using a.a.ose gel electrophoresis. During the period of the experiment, serum a.T a.d a.T a.tivities a.d serum tota. globulins significa.tly increa.ed while serum tota. proteins a.d a.bumin ma.kedly decrea.ed in the infected group. On the 14th WPI, the da.a.of the electropherogra. showed tha. globulin fra.tions (α1-, β- a.d γ-globulin) levels were significa.tly increa.ed while α2-globulin wa. ma.kedly decrea.ed in the infected group. The molecula. a.a.ysis confirmed the a.plifica.ion of the ITS1, ITS2 a.d NDI genes of F. hepa.ica.recovered from the infected liver of ra.s with a.plicon sizes of 630, 510 a.d 560 bp, respectively. Sequencing of the a.plified ITS gene resulted in the determina.ion of 3 stra.ns (PP108836, PP108837, a.d PP108838). a.so, a.a.ysis of the ITS2 gene resulted in obta.ning 3 isola.es under the a.cession numbers (PP109065, PP109066, a.d PP109067). In conclusion, fa.ciolosis in the ra. model is suita.le for routine experimenta. infections a.d ca.sed a.pronounced liver dysfunction with discha.ging of the Fa.ciola.eggs in the fa.ces a.d the development of a.ult sta.es in the bile ducts. Furthermore, molecula. techniques a.e a.sensitive

关键词： Fa.ciola.hepa.ica Liver Functions Serum Enzymes Serum Protein Electrophoresis Molecula. Cha.a.teriza.ion

Trea.ment a.d prevention of epilepsy in onchocercia.is-endemic a.ea. is urgently needed

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Infectious Disea.es of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 85-89页

作者： Robert Colebunders Joseph Nelson Siewe Fodjo Olivia.Ka.oen Luis-Jorge a.a.a. a.ber Ha.erma.n Chia.a.Trevisa. Ma.k J.Ta.lor Julia.Ga.glitz a.him Hoera.f Ya.ua.i Sa.o Ka.ja.Polma. Ma.ia.Gloria.Ba.a.ez Da. Bhwa.a.Thomson La.wo Ga.im abd-Elfa.a. Seba.tien D.Pion Globa. Hea.th Institute University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Depa.tment of Neurology Heilig Hart ZiekenhuisLierBelgium Depa.tment of Public Hea.th Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Liverpool School of Tropica. Medicine LiverpoolUK Depa.tment of Computer Science University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Medica. Microbiology Immunology and ParasitologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany Germa. Center for Infection Resea.ch(DZIF) Partner Site Bonn-CologneBonnGermany School of Globa. Huma.ities a.d Socia. Sciences Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan MRC Centre for Globa. Infectious Disea.e a.a.ysis a.d London Centre for Neglected Tropica.Disea.e Resea.ch Department of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK Na.iona. Institute for Medica. Resea.ch TangaTanzania Vector Control Division Ministry of HealthKampalaUganda School of Public Hea.th University of JubaJubaSouth Sudan a.cess for Huma.ity JubaSouth Sudan French Na.iona. Resea.ch Institute for Susta.na.le Development MontpellierFrance

Ba.kground There is increa.ing epidemiologica. evidence supporting the a.socia.ion between onchocercia.is a.d seizures, reinforcing the concept of onchocercia.is-a.socia.ed epilepsy (Oa.). The a.m of this pa.er is to provide a. upda.e on the new knowledge a.out Oa. a.d to propose recommenda.ions to the World Hea.th Orga.iza.ion how to a.dress this public hea.th *** text During the 2nd Interna.iona. Workshop on Oa. held on 19-21 September, 2023, in a.twerp, Belgium, pa.ticipa.ts recognised Oa. a. a.substa.tia. yet neglected public hea.th problem, pa.ticula.ly in a.ea. of sub-Sa.a.a. a.rica.where onchocercia.is rema.ns hyperendemic. Evidence from prospective popula.ion-ba.ed studies suggest tha. strengthening onchocercia.is elimina.ion efforts lea.s to a.significa.t reduction of Oa. incidence. There is a.need to va.ida.e a. Oa. ca.e definition to estima.e the burden of disea.e a.d identify onchocercia.is-endemic a.ea. requiring intensifica.ion of onchocercia.is elimina.ion progra.mes a.d integra.ion of epilepsy ca.e. It is expected tha. ra.sing a.a.eness a.out Oa. will boost the popula.ion upta.e of ivermectin. The implementa.ion of a.community-ba.ed epilepsy trea.ment progra.me offering free a.ti-seizure medica.ions (a.Ms) ha. shown high effectiveness in reducing the frequency of seizures a.d improving the overa.l qua.ity of life of people with *** To reduce Oa. burden, enha.ced colla.ora.ion between onchocercia.is a.d menta. hea.th progra.mes a. community, na.iona., a.d interna.iona. levels is required. Urgent efforts a.e needed to ensure the uninterrupted provision of free a.Ms in onchocercia.is-endemic a.ea.. Furthermore, Oa. should be included in the qua.tifica.ion of the onchocercia.is disea.e burden.

关键词： Onchocercia.is Morbidity Burden of disea.e Prevention Ivermectin Epilepsy Nodding syndrome Trea.ment Children Policy