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Imaging atomic-scale chemistry from fused multi-modal electron microscopy

npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 164-171页

作者： jonathan Schwartz Zichao Wendy Di Yi jiang alyssa j.fielitz Don-Hyung Ha Sanjaya D.Perera Ismail El Baggari Richard D.Robinson jeffrey A.Fessler Colin Ophus Steve Rozeveld Robert Hovden Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National LaboratoryLemontILUSA Dow Chemical Co. MidlandMIUSA Department of Material Science and Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNew YorkUSA School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Department of Physics Cornell UniversityIthacaNYUSA The Rowland Institute at Harvard CambridgeMAUSA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA National Center for Electron Microscopy Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryMolecular FoundryBerkeleyCAUSA Applied Physics Program University of MIchiganAnn ArborMIUnited States

Efforts to map atomic-scale chemistry at low doses with minimal noise using electron microscopes are fundamentally limited by inelastic ***,fused multi-modal electron microscopy offers high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)recovery of material chemistry at nano-and atomic-resolution by coupling correlated information encoded within both elastic scattering(high-angle annular dark-field(HAADF))and inelastic spectroscopic signals(electron energy loss(EELS)or energy-dispersive x-ray(EDX)).By linking these simultaneously acquired signals,or modalities,the chemical distribution within nanomaterials can be imaged at significantly lower doses with existing detector *** many cases,the dose requirements can be reduced by over one order of *** high SNR recovery of chemistry is tested against simulated and experimental atomic resolution data of heterogeneous nanomaterials.

关键词： materials chemistry fused

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Apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD) depth as a relative measure of sediment oxygen content and habitat quality

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International journal of Sediment Research 2015年第1期30卷 74-80页

作者： Travis G.GERWING alyssa M.ALLEN GERWING Diana j.HAMILTON Myriam A.BARBEAU Department of Biology University of New Brunswick Department of Biology Mount Allison University

As hypoxic conditions spread in our oceans,indices that quickly and efficiently assess oxygen content in sediment pore water,and habitat quality are increasingly becoming *** to the apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD) in sediment is one such index;however,the relationship between aRPD depth and oxygen content is still *** quantified oxygen content in sediment pore water with a dissolved oxygen(DO) probe,utilizing luminescent technology,to determine how DO concentration varies with depth in the sediment,and with position relative to the aRPD(above versus below) on an intertidal mudflat in the Bay of Fundy,*** on generalized linear regression models,we found that depth in the sediment was a poor predictor of pore water DO concentration,while position in the sediment relative to the aRPD was a good ***,sediment above the aRPD had higher DO content than sediment *** maintain that aRPD depth is a good measure of relative oxygen content in sediment pore water,as well as habitat ***,we recommend caution as the factors that influence aRPD depth arc numerous and variable;therefore,the relationship between aRPD depth and DO content should be experimentally confirmed in any system of interest before aRPD depth is used as an indicator.

关键词： Anoxia Apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD) Dissolved oxygen Habitat quality Hypoxia Intertidal Marine benthos Sediment pore water.

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Macrophage-targeted single walled carbon nanotubes stimulate phagocytosis via pH-dependent drug release

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Nano Research 2021年第3期14卷 762-769页

作者： Yapei Zhang jianqin Ye Niloufar Hosseini-Nassab alyssa Flores Irina Kalashnikova Sesha Lakshmi Paluri Mozhgan Lotfi Nicholas j.Leeper Bryan Ronain Smith Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA Department of Surgery Division of Vascular SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular MedicineStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA Stanford Cardiovascular Institute StanfordCA94305USA Department of Radiology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in the world.A driving feature of atherosclerotic plaque formation is dysfunctional *** the“don’t eat me”molecule CD47 is upregulated in atherosclerotic plaque cores,CD47-blocking strategies can stimulate the efferocytic clearance of apoptotic cells and thereby help prevent the progression of plaque ***,these therapies are generally costly and,in clinical and murine trials,they have resulted in side effects including anemia and ***,we developed and characterized an intracellular phagocytosis-stimulating treatment in the CD47-SIRPα*** loaded a novel monocyte/macrophage-selective nanoparticle carrier system with a small molecule enzymatic inhibitor that is released in a pH-dependent manner to stimulate macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic cell debris via the CD47-SIRPαsignaling *** demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)can selectively deliver tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor 1(TPI)intracellularly to macrophages,which potently stimulates efferocytosis,and chemically characterized the ***,SWNT-delivered TPI can stimulate macrophage efferocytosis,with the potential to reduce or prevent atherosclerotic disease.

关键词： macrophages phagocytosis single-walled carbon nanotubes tyrosine phosphatase 1(SHP1)inhibitor atherosclerosis

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Determining the utility of standard hospital microbiology testing: Comparing standard microbiology cultures with DNA sequence analysis in patients with chronic sinusitis

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2019年第2期5卷 82-87页

作者： Sarah K.Rapoport alyssa j.Smith Maxwell Bergman Kelly A.Scriven Itzhak Brook Suzette K.Mikula Medstar Georgetown University Hospital Department of OtolaryngologyHeadεt Neck SurgeryWashington DCUSA Mayo Clinic Department of OtolaryngologyHeadεt Neck SurgeryRochesterMNUSA Georgetown University Medical School Washington DCUSA Medstar Georgetown University Hospital Department of Pediatricsεt Infectious DiseasesWashington DCUSA

Objective:To demonstrate DNA sequencing analysis (DNAsa) of sinus cultures in patients with CRS is a reliable method of detecting pathogens in polymicrobial CRS ***:After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval for this prospective cohort study,we selected a random sample of 50 patients with CRS at Medstar Georgetown University Hospital between September 2016 and March *** defined CRS as a history of rhinosinusitis refractory to maximal medical therapy and prior endoscopic sinus *** demonstrating active purulence in a sinus cavity were prospectively selected to undergo standard hospital cultures (SHC) and DNAsa *** identified in both methods were compared for each ***:Specimens were obtained from 29 female and 16 male patients with a mean age of 50 years.A total of 45 cultures were included in our final analysis;five cultures were excluded after inappropriate laboratory *** from these patients were compared and ***'s weighted kappa analysis showed agreement between the two testing methods in identifying predominant *** detected 31.9% more microorganisms compared to SHC (P < 0.05).When multiple microorganisms were detected,DNAsa yielded more positive results compared to SHC (P < 0.05).Conclusions:DNAsa detects all microorganisms identified by SHC as well as predominant microorganisms not detected by *** molecular pathogen identification may be more reliable for identifying multiple microorganisms as compared to standard culture techniques that identify only one or two *** recalcitrant cases of CRS,DNAsa may provide better guidance in selection of appropriate antimicrobial treatment.

关键词： Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) DNA sequencing analysis (DNAsa) Microbiome Molecular sequencing Microbiology culture

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Searching for Bacterial Biofilm in Recurrent Cholangitis in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis:A Case Presentation and Introduction of an Unexplored Disease Mechanism

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journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第1期6卷 114-118页

作者： alyssa Y. Choi Florencia jalikis Maria Westerhoff Sarag Boukhar Elinor Pulcini Chris Damman Lei Yu Department of Internal Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA Department of Pathology University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA Department of Pathology University of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA Center for Biofilm Engineering Montana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA Division of Gastroenterology University of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA

Inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts are the defining pathological characteristics of primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).A previously unexplored mechanism for recurrent cholangitis,one of PSC's most common presentations,is bacterial colonization of the biliary epithelium in the form of biofilm,which may confer resistance to antibiotics and host phagocytic *** aim of the current study was to assess whether bacteria could be seen on the liver explant and whether they organized in the form of *** explanted PSC liver from a 60-year-old male who suffered from recurrent cholangitis was formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded and Gram *** specimens were observed under light *** bacteria nor biofilm were *** did not detect bacteria or biofilm in the liver explant of a single PSC patient with recurrent cholangitis using standard light *** suspect this may be in part due to techniques related to tissue preservation and microscopy.

关键词： Primary sclerosing cholangitis Recurrent cholangitis Biofilm

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Relationship between apparent redox potential discontinuity (aRPD) depth and environmental variables in soft-sediment habitats

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International journal of Sediment Research 2017年第4期32卷 472-480页

作者： Travis G.Gerwing alyssa M.Allen Gerwing Kieran Cox Francis juanes Sarah E.Dudas Ecosystem Science and Management Program University of Northern British Columbia Department of Biology University of Victoria Department of Biology Vancouver Island University

As global temperatures increase and dissolved oxygen(DO) content decreases in marine systems, indices assessing sediment DO content in benthic habitats are becoming increasingly useful. One such measure is the depth to the apparent redox potential discontinuity(aRPD), a transition of sediment color that serves as a relative measure of sediment DO content. We examined spatiotemporal variation of aRPD depth, and the nature of the relationships between aRPD depth and biotic(infauna and epibenthic predators) and abiotic variables(sediment properties), as well as the availability of resources(chlorophyll a concentration, and organic matter content) in the intertidal mudflats of the Bay of Fundy, Canada. aRPD depth varied significantly through space and time, and a combination of biotic(sessile and errant infauna, as well as epibenthic predators), and abiotic(exposure time of a plot, sediment particle size,penetrability, and water content) variables, as well as the availability of resources(sediment organic matter content, and chlorophyll a concentration) were correlated with aRPD depth. As such, knowledge of both biotic and abiotic variables are required for a holistic understanding of sediment DO *** variables likely dictate a suite of potential aRPD depth conditions, while biota and resource availability, via bioturbation and respiration, strongly influence the observed aRPD depth. As DO conditions in marine systems will continue to change due to global climate change, elucidating these relationships are a key first step in predicting the influence decreasing DO content may have upon marine benthos.

关键词： Relationship between apparent redox potential discontinuity depth and environmental variables in soft-sediment habitats DO

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Trans-silencing effect of the 3′RR immunoglobulin heavy chain enhancer on Igκtranscription at the pro-B cell stage

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第7期16卷 668-670页

作者： Nour Ghazzaui Hussein Issaoui Ophélie alyssa Martin Alexis Saintamand jeanne Cook-Moreau Yves Denizot François Boyer CNRS UMR 7276 Inserm U1262Universitéde LimogesLimogesFrance Present address:Inserm U1236 UniversitéRennes 1RennesFrance

Due to their impact on nuclear organization,enhancers are master regulators of cell fate.1,2 The immunoglobulin heavy chain(IgH)locus undergoes numerous changes(such as transcription,accessibility,DNA breaks,and mutations)throughout B-cell *** of these events are controlled by the IgH 3′regulatory region(3′RR).The 3′RR is the master control element of mature B-cell IgH transcription,3 somatic hypermutation(SHM),4,5 conventional class switch recombination(CSR),4,6–10 and locus suicide recombination(LSR).11 In contrast,the 3′RR is expected to be dispensable for V(D)j recombination.12,13 During Bcell development,the heavy and light chain loci are poised for their VDj and Vj rearrangements,*** IgH locus rearranges first,with D-j joining at the pro-B-cell stages,followed by V-Dj joining at the pre-B-cell *** Igk locus is poised for Vj rearrangements at the pre-B cell stage.

关键词： effect joining recombination

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Assessment of the Effects of Poultry Litter on Surface Runoff Water Quality from Agricultural Lands

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journal of Water Resource and Protection 2010年第5期2卷 413-423页

作者： Sudarshan K. Dutta Shreeram P. Inamdar j. Tom Sims alyssa Collins 不详

The use of pelletized poultry litter (PPL) as a substitute for inorganic fertilizers is increasingly being en-couraged in states like Delaware which have a considerable surplus of poultry litter. However, we know very little about the impacts of PPL on runoff water quality and whether it is an environmentally-sound and sus-tainable alternative to inorganic fertilizer. To address these questions we compared the exports of nutrients (NH4-N, NO3-N and PO4-P) and trace elements (As, Cu, and Zn) in surface runoff from agricultural plots receiving PPL, raw poultry litter (RPL), urea and no-fertilizer (control) treatments. The study was conducted on agricultural land located in Middletown, Delaware with corn as the cover crop. The experimental plots were 5 m wide and 12 m long with reduced tillage and no-tillage management practices. Sampling was con-ducted for six natural rainfall events from April through August 2008. Nutrient (NH4-N, NO3-N and PO4-P) exports from plots receiving PPL were less than those with urea or raw litter applications. While exports of trace elements from the PPL treatment exceeded those from urea, they were much lower than the corre-sponding exports from the RPL treatments. Mass exports of nutrients and trace elements were correlated with event size (rainfall amount) but were not correlated with timing of event (days since litter application). Results from this study suggest that the use of PPL in combination with no-tillage may provide an environ-mentally safe alternative to synthetic fertilizers.

关键词： Poultry Litter Surface Runoff Water Quality Tillage Best Management Practices Nutrients Trace Elements

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Long-axis rotational volvulus in an ileal j-pouch anal anastomosis: A preventable rare complication

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2014年第1期3卷 28-31页

作者： Virgilio V. George alyssa Fajardo Department of Surgery Indiana University School of Medicine Indianap-olis Indiana

Puropose: This study was designed to report a very rare long-term complication of ileal-jpouch anal anastomosis: An 180 degree longaxial rotational volvulus causing j pouch obstruction. Methods: An Ovid and Medline search using the following keywords was performed: j pouch ileoanal anastomosis, j-pouch ileoanal anastomosis complications, j-pouch volvulus, j-pouch complications, restorative proctocolectomy complications, and restorative proctocolectomy volvulus. One j-pouch ileoanal anastomosis 180° volvulus report was found [1]. Result: We describe a long-axis 180° rotational volvulus complication of a j-pouch ileoanal anastomosis. The j pouch was performed three years prior after the laparoscopic total proctocolectomy for chronic ulcerative colitis. Pouch excision and new ileoanal j-pouch surgery were then performed along with pexy using alloderm mesh placement with excellent outcomes. Conclusion: Long-axis 180° rotational volvulus is a rare complication of a j-pouch ileoanal anastomosis. Pouch dysfunction after a long-axis rotational volvulus is an uncommon cause of acute abdomen. Lack of adhesions and pouch size are risk factors for the pouch torsion. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential for the pouch salvage. Simple abdominal x-ray, barium enema and CT scan represent important tools for diagnosis. Salvage surgery should be performed even if detorsion and decompression of the affected bowel are achieved. Surgery has excellent outcomes if performed after the prompt diagnosis. Pouch pexy should be done to prevent recurrent volvulus.

关键词： Ileal Pouch Ileal Anal Anastomosis Malrotation

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A Cell-Penetrating Peptide for Inhibiting MAPKAP Kinase 2-Mediated Inflammatory Cytokine Release Following Glial Cell Activation

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World journal of Neuroscience 2015年第2期5卷 115-130页

作者： james R. Wodicka Nnadozie I. Onunkwo Andrew j. Woolley alyssa Panitch Kevin j. Otto Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette USA Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis USA Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University West Lafayette USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Florida Gainesville USA

Central nervous system (CNS) injury initializes a reactive tissue response, which is characterized by a cascade of signals that result in inflammatory cytokine release and neuroinflammation. These signals are induced in part by activated microglia that migrates to the injury site in an attempt to remove dead tissue and promote healing. The ability to control the reactive tissue response is of significant importance to a variety of applications, such as neuroprostheses, whose functional lifespan is limited by glial cell activation. A possible strategy to mitigate glial cell activation is to reduce the release of inflammatory cytokines following a brain injury. One pathway that facilitates inflammatory cytokine release is the mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) pathway, which increases cytokine mRNA synthesis, stability and translation following activation. Therefore, inhibiting MK2-mediated cytokine release can reduce microglial activationfollowing CNS injury. Through?in vitro?studies, we demonstrate the ability of a cell-penetrating peptide inhibitor of MK2 (MK2i) to reduce MK2-mediated cytokine release in mixed cortical cultures.?Immunocytochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and cytotoxicity assays in 7- -10-day-old E17 Sprague-Dawley rat mixed cortical cultures showed that MK2i treatment significantly lowered inflammatory cytokine production and increased cortical cell viability following?glial cell activation with tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results suggest that MK2i may reduce damage caused by activated glia in the inflamed CNS.

关键词： Injury Mitigation Treatment Drug MK2i

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