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<i>In Vitro</i>Characterisation of Pharmacological Effect of Prostacyclin Analogues in Comparison to Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors on Small Human Pulmonary Vessels

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 2017年第11期7卷 131-142页

作者： Azar Hussain Robert Bennett Zaheer Tahir Ahmed Habib Michael Cowen Mubarak Chaudhry Mahmoud Loubani alyn morice Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Castle Hill Hospital Cottingham UK Department of Respiratory Medicine Castle Hill Hospital Cottingham UK

Background and Aim of Study: The phosphodiesterase inhibitors (Sildenafil and Milrinone), Nitric Oxide donor Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) and prostacyclin analogs are commonly used pulmonary vasodilators to treat pulmonary hypertension. In the past few years, we have used human pulmonary artery rings in vitro to evaluate pulmonary vascular resistance. The main objective of the current study is to document the pharmacological impact of clinically used prostacyclin analogs on the human pulmonary system in parallel with phosphodiesterase inhibitors and SNP. Methods: The study used human pulmonary artery rings of internal diameter of 2 - 4 mm and length of 2 mm. These were extracted from patients with lung resections. These rings were then mounted on a multiwire myograph, and changes in isometric tension were noted. Then, concentration response curves were constructed to Sildenafil (Sd), Milrinone (Mil), Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP), Epoprostenol (Ep), Iloprost (Ip) and Treprostinil (Tp). Results: 52 pulmonary artery rings were used in these experiments. Sildenafil, Milrinone, SNP, Epoprostenol, Iloprost and Treprostinil caused a concentration-dependent vasodilation in small human pulmonary arteries (pEC50: 5.97 ± 0.22, 5.99 ± 0.12, 7.64 ± 0.08, 7.53 ± 0.14, 8.84 ± 0.15 and 9.48 ± 0.13 respectively, n = 8 to 12). The efficacy for the same was in the order: Tp = Ip > Ep > Mil > SNP > Sd. The potency varied in the order: Tp > Ip > SNP > Ep > Mil > Sd. Conclusion: This research showed the efficacy as well as the potency of SNP and phosphodiesterase inhibitors and prostacyclin analogs on the human pulmonary vasculature. Treprostinil and Iloprost exhibited maximum relaxation. However, Sildenafil and SNP showed lesser impact. These effects need to be considered for clinical studies for enhanced patient outcomes.

关键词： Pulmonary Artery Rings Human Vasodilators In Vitro Pulmonary Hypertension Study

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Characterization of optimal resting tension in human pulmonary arteries

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World Journal of Cardiology 2016年第9期8卷 553-558页

作者： Azar Hussain Robert T Bennett Mubarak A Chaudhry Syed S Qadri Mike Cowen alyn H morice Mahmoud Loubani Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Castle Hill Hospital Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Hull York Medical SchoolCastle Hill Hospital

AIM To determine the optimum resting tension(ORT) for in vitro human pulmonary artery(PA) ring *** Pulmonary arteries were dissected from disease free sections of the resected lung in the operating theatre and tissue samples were directly sent to the laboratory in Krebs-Henseleit solution(Krebs).The pulmonary arteries were then cut into 2 mm long *** rings were mounted in 25 m L organ baths or 8 m L myograph chambers containing Krebs compound(37 ℃,bubbled with 21% O_2:5% CO_2) to measure changes in isometric *** resting tension was set at 1-gram force(gf) with vessels being left static to equilibrate for duration of one *** contractile reactions to 40 mmol/L KCl were obtained from a resting tension of 1 *** reactions to 40 mmol/L KCl were then obtained from stepwise increases in resting tension(1.2,1.4,1.6,1.8 and 2.0 gf).RESULTS Twenty PA rings of internal diameter between 2-4 mmwere prepared from 4 *** human PA rings incrementing the tension during rest stance by 0.6 gf,up to 1.6 gf significantly augmented the 40 mmol/L KCl stimulated *** enhancement of active tension by 0.4 gf,up to 2.0 gf mitigate the 40 mmol/L KCl stimulated *** Myograph and the organ bath demonstrated identical conclusions,supporting that the radial optimal resting tension for human PA ring was 1.61 *** The radial optimal resting tension in our experiment is 1.61 gf(15.78 m N) for human PA rings.

关键词： Pulmonary hypertension Pulmonary artery Optimal resting tension Pulmonary artery rings Human

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Differential effects of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides on human pulmonary artery:An in vitro study

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World Journal of Cardiology 2019年第10期11卷 236-243页

作者： Azar Hussain Robert T Bennett Zaheer Tahir Emmanuel Isaac Mubarak A Chaudhry Syed S Qadri Mahmoud Loubani alyn H morice Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Castle Hill HospitalCottingham HU165JQUnited Kingdom Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Hull York Medical SchoolCastle Hill HospitalCottingham HU165JQUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases,especially heart failure,continues to rise *** heart failure,increasing levels of circulating atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)are associated with a worsening of heart failure and a poor *** To test whether a high concentration of BNP would inhibit relaxation to *** Pulmonary arteries were dissected from disease-free areas of lung resection,as well as pulmonary artery rings of internal diameter 2.5–3.5 mm and 2 mm long,were *** artery rings were mounted in a multiwire myograph,and a basal tension of 1.61gf was *** equilibration for 60 min,rings were pre-constricted with 11.21μmol/L PGF2α(EC80),and concentration response curves were constructed to vasodilators by cumulative addition to the myograph *** Although both ANP and BNP were found to vasodilate the pulmonary vessels,ANP is more potent than ***50 of ANP and BNP were 8.96±0.21 and 7.54±0.18,respectively,and the maximum efficacy(Emax)for ANP and BNP was-2.03 gf and-0.24 gf,*** addition of BNP,the Emax of ANP reduced from-0.96gf to-0.675gf(P=0.28).CONCLUSION BNP could be acting as a partial agonist in small human pulmonary arteries,and inhibits relaxation to *** levels of circulating BNP could be responsible for the worsening of decompensated heart *** finding could also explain the disappointing results seen in clinical trials of ANP and BNP analogues for the treatment of heart failure.

关键词： Heart failure Atrial natriuretic peptide Brain natriuretic peptide In-vitro Humans

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Climate change and contrasting plasticity in timing of a two-step migration episode of an Arctic-nesting avian herbivore

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Current Zoology 2014年第2期60卷 233-242页

作者： Anthony David FOX Mitch D.WEEGMAN Stuart BEARHOP GeoffM.HILTON Larry GRIFFIN David A.STROUD alyn WALSH Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Kalo Grenavej 14 DK-8410 Ronde Denmark Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Cornwall CampusTR10 9EZ UK Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust Slimbridge Gloucester GL2 7BT UK Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust Eastpark Farm Caerlaverock Dumfriesshire DGI 4RS UK Greenland White-fronted Goose Study c/o Spring Meadows Taylors Green Warmington Peterborough PE8 6TG UK National Parks and Wildlife Service Wexford Wildfowl Reserve North Slob Wexford Ireland

Greenland white-fronted geese Anser albifrons flavirostris wintering in Britain and Ireland migrate over the sea for 700-1200 km to stage 3-5 weeks in Iceland in spring, continuing a similar distance over the sea and Greenland Ice Cap to West Greenland breeding grounds. During 1969 to 2012, the geese advanced the mean departure date from Ireland by 15 days, during which time also they attained threshold fat stores earlier as well as departing in fatter condition. Over that period, Iceland spring-staging geese shifted from consuming underground plant storage organs to grazing managed hayfields, which provide fresh grass growth despite sub-zero temperatures, when traditional natural foods are inaccessible in frozen substrates. In 2012 and 2013, geese arrived three weeks earlier to Iceland, in fatter condition and accumulated fat significantly slower than in 1997-1999 and 2007. Although geese accumulated sufficient fat stores earlier in Iceland in 2007, 2012 and 2013, they departed around the same date as in 1997-1999, prolonging spring staging by three weeks. Plasticity in winter departure dates is likely due to improved winter feeding conditions （enabling earlier departure in better condition） and a novel predictable food resource in Iceland. Greenland white-fronted geese attained threshold fat stores in Iceland earlier, but remained rather than departing earlier to Greenland. Despite arriving earlier in Iceland, arrival dates on the breeding areas have not changed since the 1880s, presumably because of relatively constant cool springs and heavy snowfall in West Greenland during recent years [Current Zoology 60 （2）： 233-242, 2014].

关键词： Anser albifronsflavirostris Climate mismatch Greenland white-fronted geese Migration phenology Vernalmigration

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Using accelerometry to compare costs of extended migration in an arctic herbivore

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Current Zoology 2017年第6期63卷 667-674页

作者： Mitch D. WEEGMAN Stuart BEARHOP Geoff M. HILTON alyn J. WALSH Larry GRIFFIN Yehezkel S. RESHEFF Ran NATHAN Anthony DAVID Fox Centre for Ecology and Conservation College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Cornwall Campus Penryn TR109EZ UK Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Slimbridge Gloucester GL2 7BT UK National Parks and Wildlife Service Wexford Wildfowl Reserve North Slob Wexford Ireland Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust Caerlaverock Wetland Centre Eastpark Farm Caerlaverock Durnfriesshire DG1 4RS UK Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Givat Ram Jerusalem 91904 Israel Department of Bioscience Aarhus University Kale Grenavej 14 RФnde DK-8410 Denmark Present address: School of Natural Resources University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA.

Understanding how individuals manage costs during the migration period is challenging because individuals are difficult to follow between sites; the advent of hybrid Global Positioning Systemacceleration （ACC） tracking devices enables researchers to link spatial and temporal attributes of avian migration with behavior for the first time ever. We fitted these devices on male Greenland white-fronted geese Anser albifrons flavirostris wintering at 2 sites （Loch Ken, Scotland and Wexford, Ireland） to understand whether birds migrating further during spring fed more on winter- ing and staging areas in advance of migration episodes. Although Irish birds flew significantly further （ca. 300 kin） than Scottish birds during spring, their cumulative hours of migratory flight, flight speed during migration, and overall dynamic body ACC （i.e., a proxy for energy expenditure） were not significantly different. Further, Irish birds did not feed significantly more or expend significantly more energy in advance of migration episodes. These results suggest broad individual plasticity in this species, although Scottish birds arriving on breeding areas in Greenland with greater energy stores （because they migrated less） may be better prepared for food scarcity, which might increase their reproductive success.

关键词： avian migration cost energy expenditure global positioning system-acceleration tracking devices Greenland whitefronted geese individual decision-making proportion of time feeding.

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An introduction to the world's oceans. 6th ed. /

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2000年

作者： Duxbury alyn C.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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The rediscovery of Strix butleri(Hume,1878)in Oman and Iran,with molecular resolution of the identity of Strix omanensis Robb,van den Berg and Constantine,2013

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Chinese Birds 2016年第2期7卷 85-94页

作者： Magnus S.Robb George Sangster Mansour Aliabadian Arnoud B.van den Berg Mark Constantine Martin Irestedt Ali Khani Seyed Babak Musavi Joao M.G.Nunes Maia Sarrouf Willson alyn J.Walsh The Sound Approach Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural History Department of Zoology Stockholm University Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of Mashhad Research Department of Zoological Innovations Institute of Applied ZoologyFaculty of ScienceFerdowsi University of Mashhad Khorasan-e Razavi Provincial Office of the Department of the Environment Khucheh Gochin Parque Ecológico do Funchal Environment Society of Oman Wildfowl Reserve

Background:Many species of owls(Strigidae) represent cryptic species and their taxonomic study is in *** recent years,two new species of owls of the genus Strix have been described from the Middle East by different research *** has been suggested that one of these species,***,is not a valid species but taxonomic compari?sons have been hampered by the lack of voucher specimens of ***,and the poor state of the holotype of ***:Here we use new DNA sequence data to clarify the taxonomy and nomenclature of the *** *** also report the capture of a single *** sensu stricto in Mashhad,***:A cytochrome b sequence of *** was found to be identical to that of the holotype of ***,indicating that the name *** is best regarded as a junior synonym of *** identity of the *** captured in Mashhad,Iran,was confirmed using DNA sequence *** represents a major(1300 km) range exten?sion of this ***:The population discovered in Oman in 2013 and originally named ‘***' actually represents the rediscovery of ***,which was known from a single specimen and had not been recorded since *** range of *** extends into northeast *** study augments the body of evidence for the recognition of *** and *** as separate species and highlights the importance of using multiple evidence to study cryptic owl species.

关键词： Molecular identification Nomenclature Phylogenetics Strigidae Strix Taxonomy

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