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Optimization of Diesel and Crude Oil Degradation in a Ghanaian Soil Using Organic Wastes as Amendment

Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第1期13卷 1-12页

作者： Adama Sawadogo Innocent Yao Dotse Lawson Hama Cissé Cheikna Zongo aly savadogo Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology Research and Training Unit Life and Earth Sciences Joseph Ki-Zerbo University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Soil Science Department School of Agriculture University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Soil contamination by hydrocarbons poses numerous environmental, health and agricultural problems. The degradation of these pollutants can occur naturally but very slowly. It is therefore generally necessary to stimulate this degradation by different means. Thus, this study aimed to improve the bio-degradation of diesel and crude oil in a Ghanaian soil by biostimulation. For this, the sampled soil was characterized by standard methods and contaminated with diesel and crude oil at a proportion of 1% (w/w). Then, contaminated soil samples were supplemented with biochar-compost, poultry manure or cow dung at the proportion of 10% (w/w). Periodically, fractions of these samples were taken to evaluate the density of hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria (HUB) and the residual quantities of diesel or crude oil. The characteristics of the soil used show the need for supplementation for better degradation of hydrocarbons. The results of the study show that supplementing the soil with organic substrates increases HUB loads in soils contaminated by diesel and crude oil. They also show that the residual quantities of diesel and crude oil are generally significantly lower in supplemented soils (p = 0.048 and p < 0.0001 respectively). In addition, the study shows that degradation was generally greater in soils contaminated by diesel compared to those contaminated by crude oil, especially at the end of the study.

关键词： Biodegradation Biostimulation Soil Diesel Crude Oil Organic Amendment Ghana

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Microbial Quality and Molecular Identification of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus Strains Isolated from Dried, Smoked, and Braised Fish Sold in Ouagadougou Markets

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第1期14卷 59-76页

作者： Arouna Ouédraogo Ganamé Abasse Ouédraogo Henri Sidabéwindin Ouédraogo François Tchoumbougnang Cheikna Zongo aly savadogo Laboratoire de Biochimie et d’Immunologie Appliqué es (LABIA) Universit&eacute Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Valorisation et Contrô le de Qualit&eacute Institut des Sciences Halieutiques Universit&eacute de Douala Douala Cameroon

Background: The investigation of toxin genes in strains involved in staphylococcal food poisoning contributes to food safety. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus strains from dried, smoked, and braised fish sold in Ouagadougou markets. Methodology: Staphylococci were isolated using standard microbiology methods. Staphylococcus strains were identified using API Staph kit (Reference # 20500, BioMerieux S.A., Marcy l'Etoile, France). The molecular identification of isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains was specifically confirmed by PCR using the Staur4 and Staur6 primers. The genes encoding enterotoxins, enterotoxin-like toxins, exfoliative toxins, and TSST-1 toxin were detected by multiplex PCR using specific primers from Inquaba Biotec West Africa Ltd, Africa's Genomics Company. Results: The results of the microbiological quality assessment indicated that most of the samples analyzed were found to be of unsatisfactory microbiological quality according to the Staphylococcus aureus microbiological criteria (m = 102). Overall, only 12.55% of samples were satisfactory, while 97.45% were unsatisfactory. The STAPH API gallery allowed the identification of the following species: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus capitis. Of the 108 Staphylococcus isolates, 81 (75%) showed at least one (1) toxin gene. Among the 21 toxin genes tested in this study, 20 genes were detected in all strains analyzed. The staphylococcal toxin genes detected were present in both Staphylococcus aureus and the other coagulase-negative strains isolated in this study. In addition, these genes are found individually or in association in certain strains. The most frequent genes detected in toxin gene-positive strains were: the tsst-1 gene in 45 isolated strains (41.7%), sei (16/14.8%), seg (13/12%), ser (

关键词： Fish Stapholocuccus Toxin Genes Ouagadougou

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Assessment of the Aflatoxin Content of Maize Flours Produced in the Commune of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第10期14卷 897-907页

作者： Adama Sawadogo Raoul Bazié Hama Cissé Latifatou Helbi Cheikna Zongo aly savadogo Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology Research and Training Unit Life and Earth Sciences Joseph KI-ZERBO Uni-versity Ouagadougou Burkina Faso University Center of Manga Norbert ZONGO University Manga Burkina Faso

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites present in various foods, especially when production and conservation do not respect good hygiene practices (GHP). In Ouagadougou, maize flour is produced and sold in different structures by actors who do not always respect GHP. Thus, it is necessary to regularly control the quality of these flours. So, this is carried out with the aim to assess the aflatoxin content of maize flours produced in the municipality of Ouagadougou. For this, twenty-eight (28) samples were collected from households, markets and supermarkets in the city of Ouagadougou. Thus, LC/MS/MS analysis was used to assess the aflatoxin content of the samples. The results obtained reveal the presence of total aflatoxins (AFT) in 78.57% of samples analyzed with levels ranging from 0.89 to 64.25 μg/kg. The prevalence of different types of aflatoxins were 57.14% for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), 46.43% for aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), 42.86% for aflatoxin G1 (AFG1) and 4.6% for aflatoxin G2 (AFG2). The results also show that 80% and 60% of market samples, 70% and 30% of household samples and 37.5% and 25% of supermarket samples do not comply with European Commission standards for AFT and AFB1 respectively. For all the samples, 60.71% and 42.86% of the samples are compliant according to the limits established by the European Commission (EC) respectively for AFB1 and AFT. Regarding the results obtained, producers and processors must be supervised and trained in GHP for the production of better-quality flours.

关键词： Aflatoxins Maize Flour Sanitaty Quality LC/MS/MS Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

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Molecular Characterization and Technological Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Bacillus and Yeast of Probiotic Interest Isolated from Fermented Porridges

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2022年第7期13卷 284-297页

作者： Boureima Kagambèga Namwin Siourimè Somda Hama Cissé Oumarou Zongo Yves Traoré aly savadogo Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie Appliquées (LABIA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST)/IRSAT/Département Technologie Alimentaire (DTA)/Direction Régionale de l’Ouest Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques (UFR/ST) Université Thomas SANKARA Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cereal-based porridges are among fermented foods with a composite microbiota. The objective of this work is to characterize the microbiota of porridge. Samples of porridge were collected in Ouagadougou and analyzed according to standard methods in microbiology. The presumed strains obtained were characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Technological abilities were estimated by tests for resistance to acid pH, bile, antibiotics and antimicrobial, proteolytic and lipolytic activities. All presumptive Bacillus, lactic acid bacteria and yeast were characterized by PCR. Four (BC1a;BC9b;BC2a and BC1b) strains were confirmed to Bacillus by PCR, 6 strains to Lactobacillus and only to Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All strains were sensitive to two antibiotics gentamycin and imipenem. In contrast, all strains were resistant to oxacillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, streptomycin, penicillin and ticarcillin. Strains tested were resistant to bile but in terms of pH this resistance was relative. Potential probiotic strains have been shown to be effective in inhibiting pathogens. Proteolytic and lipolytic activities were positive on all strains. The characterization of strains, although concerned with a non-exhaustive list of primers, has made it possible to confirm the strains that may be of good quality probiotics if a quantitative study is carried out on technological aptitudes.

关键词： Bacillus Lactic Bacteria Yeast Porridge Probiotic

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Phytosanitary Practices and Pesticide Levels in Fresh and Dried Mangoes Produced in Burkina Faso

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第6期14卷 509-525页

作者： Alain Gustave Yaguibou Souleymane Zio Bakary Tarnagda François Tapsoba Soumaila Konaté Fulbert Nikiema aly savadogo Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology Center for Research in Biological Sciences of Food and Nutrition Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology Joseph KI-ZERBO University Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Burkinabè Agency for Standardization Metrology and Quality Ouagadougou Burkina Faso National Public Health Laboratory Department of Pesticides Contaminants and Fertilizers Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Pesticides are used to control fruit flies and other potential crop pests, particularly mango in Burkina Faso. Pesticides are a potential health hazard for users and consumers and are a major constraint to the export and commercialization of mangoes. The objective of this study was to evaluate phytosanitary practices in orchards and pesticide residue levels in four varieties of fresh and dried mangoes (Amelie, Brooks, Kents and Lippens) produced in four localities in Burkina Faso in order to determine their health impact on consumers. Surveys on pesticide use and monitoring of phytosanitary practices were carried out among 16 orchard owners in the localities of Bobo-Dioulasso, Orodara, Toussiana and Banfora, a high mango production area. Also, a total of 120 samples, including 60 samples of fresh mangoes and dried 60 samples of dried mango were collected. A multi-residue method was developed to detect pesticide levels in the collected samples by gas chromatography with a micro-electron capture detector. The study revealed the use of unauthorized pesticides, often specifically for other crops, and a monitoring trapping network in the orchards against insects. 34 chemical pesticides were detected in 120 samples of all mango varieties collected. Pesticide residues were detected in 72% of the samples, and of the positive samples, 48.52% contained concentrations above the maximum residue limit permissibility. Organochlorine pesticide residues were present in fresh mangoes (60.5%) and a total of fifteen active compounds were detected in dried mangoes. The very poor management and use of pesticides found in these orchards could pose a threat to the productivity of natural ecosystems and the health of producers, processors and consumers. Awareness raising and training of producers on the knowledge of the risks linked to the use of pesticides and good practices are necessary to preserve the health of all.

关键词： Phytosanitary Problems Orchards Mangoes Pesticides Burkina Faso

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Biscuits: a systematic review and meta-analysis of improving the nutritional quality and health benefits

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 335-352页

作者： MahamadéGoubgou Laurencia TSongré-Ouattara Fabrice Bationo Hagrétou Lingani-Sawadogo Yves Traoré aly savadogo Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry and Immunology(LABIA)University Joseph KI-ZERBOOuagadougouBurkina Faso Department of Food Technology(DTA) Research Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology(IRSAT)OuagadougouBurkina Faso

Biscuits are ready-to-eat foods that are traditionally prepared mainly with wheat flour,fat,and ***,biscuits’technologies have been rapidly developed to improve their nutritional *** study aimed to determine the strategies of improving the nutritional quality of biscuits and the potential health benefits associated with them.A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted,including articles on biscuits improved by technological processes and raw materials *** were searched from Google Scholar,PubMed,Scopus,and Web of Science published between 1997 and 2020,in English and *** meta-analysis was performed using RStudio software,version 4.0.4 to classify the *** hundred and seven eligible articles were ***,pea,potato,sorghum,buckwheat,and flaxseed flours were respectively the most found substitutes to wheat *** the meta-analysis shown that the copra and foxtail millet biscuit fortified with amaranth,the wheat biscuits fortified with okra,and rice biscuits fortified with soybeans had a high protein *** biscuits therefore have a potential to be used as complementary *** substitution of sugar and fat by several substitutes lead to a decrease in carbohydrates,fat,and energy *** has also brought about an increase in other nutrients such as dietary fiber,proteins/amino acids,fatty acids,and phenolic *** the sugar and fat substitutes,stevia and inulin were respectively the most *** the use of biscuits in clinical trials,they were mainly used for addressing micronutrient deficiency and for weight loss.

关键词： Biscuit Technology Nutrition Health benefits

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Impact of Health and Nutrition Interventions in the Prevention and Recovery of Child Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa from 2010 to 2020: Review Article

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Health 2022年第7期14卷 810-831页

作者： Sibiri Bougma Fatoumata Hama-Ba Franck Garanet Jeanne d’Arc Wendmintiri Kabre Flibert Guira Hama Cissé Bakary Tarnagda Souleymane Zio aly savadogo Département Technologie Alimentaire Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département de Biochimie et Microbiologie Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie Appliquée (LaBIA) Université Joseph KI-ZERBO Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département Biomédical et Santé Publique Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) Centre National de Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Département Agroalimentaire Centre Universitaire Polytechnique de Gaoua Burkina Faso

Malnutrition is still a widespread public health problem worldwide. The objective of this review is to identify the most effective nutrition programs used in the prevention and management of child malnutrition in children under five years. Also, it is to suggest courses of action to improve interventions in the fight against malnutrition. The promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and food diversification improves the mothers’ knowledge and contributes to prevention of malnutrition. Food supplementation increases the weight/height ratio of malnourished children. The two programs combined bring better results on mothers’ feeding practices and children’s anthropometric data. This review has highlighted the importance of food supplementation and nutritional education in the management and prevention of child malnutrition. In addition, the combination of several approaches to good dietary practices brings better results. Finally, primary prevention can protect children from the harmful consequences of malnutrition.

关键词： Malnutrition Nutritional Education Breastfeeding Supplementation

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Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Staphylococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae Species Isolated from Smoked, Dried, and Braised Fish Marketed in Ouagadougou

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Advances in Microbiology 2023年第1期13卷 48-75页

作者： Arouna Ouédraogo Roukiatou Traoré Ganamé Abasse Ouédraogo Namwin Siourimè Somda Hama Cissé Stephen Mbigha Ghogomu Francois Tchoumbougnang Cheikna Zongo aly savadogo Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologies Laboratoire de Biochimie et d’Immunologie Appliqu&eacute es (LABIA) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Université de Douala Institut des Sciences Halieutiques Laboratoire de Valorisation et Contr&ocirc le de Qualité Douala Cameroon University of Buea Faculty of Science Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory Buea Cameroon Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliqu&eacute es et Technologies (IRSAT) Bobo-Dioulasso Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: To preserve its nutritional properties, fish must have good sanitary quality. The objective of this study was to investigate some pathogens contaminating smoked, dried, and braised fish marketed in Ouagadougou. Methodology: Potential pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus were screened in eight (8) species of processed fish. The investigation of the germs was carried out following the normative methods of microbiology. The identities of the strains were determined by API 20 E (BioMerieux S.A., France) and API STAPH (BioMerieux S.A., France) kits for Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus species respectively. The uidA gene profile in Escherichia coli isolates was determined by simplex PCR. The identity of Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed by amplification of specific 23S rDNA regions and nuc gene profile with PCR. Results: A total of 235 fish samples were analyzed. A diversity of Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus was detected. Twenty species of Enterobacteriaceae were identified among which, the most frequent were Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp, Raoultella ornithinolytica and Serratia odorifera, respectively in 22.6%, 4.3%, 28.9%, 17.4% of the samples analyzed. However, eleven species of Staphylococcus were identified among which, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Staphylococcus sciuri were the most frequent with respective percentages of 47.7%, 23.4%, 12.8% and 10.6% of samples. For all the samples, the species frequently isolated were: Raoultella ornithinolytica, Escherichia coli, Serratia odorifera, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus xylosus, and Staphylococcus lugdunensis. The uidA gene specific to Escherichia coli was detected in 82.85% of strains (29/35). Amplification of the specific 23S rDNA region using staur primers was observed in 98% (49/50) of the isolated Staphylococcus aureus strains and the nuc gene was detected in 86% of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Conclusion: The isola

关键词： Fish Contamination Enterobacteriaceae Staphylococcus Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization Ouagadougou

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Antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,haemolytic and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from three selected Togolese medicinal plants

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第10期4卷 808-813页

作者： Simplice D Karou Tchadjobo Tchacondo Lassina Ouattara Kokou Anani aly savadogo Amegnona Agbonon Mossaclok Ben Attaia Comlan de Souza Mohsen Sakly Jacques Simpore Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur les Plantes Medicinales(CERFOPLAM) Universite de LomeTogo Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA/LABIOGENE) OuagadougouBurkina Faso Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles(CRSBAN)Universite de OuagadougouBurkina Faso Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement Facultes des Sciences de BizerteUniversite 7 Novembre a CarthageTunisTunisie

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three *** analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also carried ***:The 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyl（DPPH） free radical scavenging,NCCLS broth microdilution and Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase（pLDH） assays were used to determine antioxidant,antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities,*** assay was conducted on A+ human red blood cells and acute toxicity on male Swiss albino *** were quantitatively determined using spectrophotometric ***:The DPPH assay yielded interesting antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Parinari curatellifolia（***） and Entada africana （***）(IC50 were 0.20±0.01μg/mL and 0.47±0.01μg/mL,respectively).This activity was highly correlated with phenolic contents of *** antimicrobial tests displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations（MICs） values ranging from 0.90 to 1.80 mg/mL for Serratia marcescens （***） the most susceptible bacterial *** value was 1.20 mg/mL for susceptible fungal strains including Mucor rouxi（***）,Fusarium oxyporum（***） and Rhizopus nigricans（***）.pLDH assay showed moderate antiplasmodial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca（***）(IC50= 24.56±3.45μg/mL),however this extract was highly haemolytic and toxic in mice(LD50= 625±128mg/kg).Conclusions:Our results support in part the use of the selected plants in the treatment of microbial *** addition the plant showed interesting antioxidant activity that could be useful in the management of oxidative stress.

关键词： Antioxidant Antimicrobial Phenolics Haemolytic

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Identification of Bacteria Strains Isolated in Urinary Tract Infections and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility at the National Public Health Laboratory, Ouagadougou

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Open Journal of Medical Microbiology 2022年第3期12卷 83-95页

作者： Sandrine Ouedraogo Dissinviel Stéphane Kpoda Lamoussa Paul Ouattara Cheikna Zongo Yéri Esther Hien Paulette Karfo Désiré Nezien Elie Kabre Algas Barreda Pillar aly savadogo Laboratoire de Biochimie et Immunologie Appliquées (LABIA) Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Centre Universitaire de Ziniare (CU-Z) Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Microbiologie et de Biotechnologie Microbienne (LAMBM) Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles et des Technologies des Produits Naturels et de l’Environnement (LABTECH-PRONE) Institut de Recherche en Sciences Appliquées et Technologies (IRSAT) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Background: Urinary tract infections are still a real public health concern. The aim of this study was to identify the bacteria strains involved in urinary tract infections and to determine their antibiotic resistance profiles. Methods: Two kinds of studies were performed. The retrospective study was carried out for 2 years (from January 2018 to December 2019), and the prospective study was extended over a period of 6 months (from January to June 2020). Isolation and identification of bacteria strains were performed using conventional microbiology techniques. The strains’ resistance profiles were determined by the diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton according to the criteria of EUCAST- 2015. Fourteen (14) antibiotic discs were used depending on the isolated germ. Results: A total of 187 bacterial strains were isolated from 82 men and 105 women. Among the germs identified, 77.54% were Enterobacteriaceae and 13.36% were cocci strains. Non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli accounted for 9.08% of the isolated bacteria. The results showed that the majority of Enterobacteriaceae strains were resistant to beta-lactams: 100% to amoxicillin, 98.75% to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, 41.76% to ceftriaxone, and 43.14% to ceftazidime. These findings were obtained with fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides: 50.09% with ciprofloxacin, 54.04% with norfloxacin, and 22.58% with amikacin. 8.75% of the Enterobacteriaceae strains tested were resistant to imipenem. The same trends were observed with non-fer- mentative bacteria. As for the gram-positive bacteria isolated during our study, 13.33% were resistant to vancomycin, 21.05% to gentamicin, 94.12% to penicillin G, 88.89% to ampicillin, 77.78% to cefotaxime, 63.63% to kanamycin, and 52.63% to erythromycin. Conclusion: This study revealed, as in other studies, that Enterobacteriaceae strains remain the most incriminated bacteria strains in urinary tract infections, with a strong resistance to antibiotics. It is important that actions b

关键词： Urinary Tract Infections Enterobacteriaceae Antibiotic Resistance Ouagadougou

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