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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 124-137页

作者： alvaro Jimenez Marco Vega Bibiana Gordillo Department of Chemistry Science and Education Faculty University Distrital Francisco Jose of Caldas Bogota 111931 Colombia

Lignin was extracted from peat by Sosa Method. In order to increase its chemical activity, it is necessary to make a structural modification by hydroxymethylation so it can be used in preparation of synthetic wood. Depolymerization was made by two methods：（1） reaction oflignin with NaOH 2%; （2） exposition oflignin to UV beam for 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours. The best depolimerization result was with exposition of lignin to UV by 12 hours since phenylpropanoic structure with higher number of free positions （unoccupied carbons） in C3 and C5 of its aromatic ring was obtained. It is known by Mannich Reaction and determination of phenolic OH by UV analysis. Later, its reactivity was increased by hydroxymethylation process by means of reaction of depolymerizated product with formaldehyde and later with glyoxal since it is less toxic. The modified product was mixed with six different kinds of resins （phenol-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, Glyoxal-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde and melamine-formaldehyde） to obtain a better mechanical characteristic as a synthetic wood. The best result was the one with melamine-formaldehyde. Finally, this product was mixed with testa rice so final product showed a great hardness and a shinny and smooth appearance.

关键词： Depolymerization hydroxymethylation lignin peat.

T_3-induced liver AMP-activated protein kinase signaling:Redox dependency and upregulation of downstream targets

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第46期20卷 17416-17425页

作者： Luis A Videla Virginia Fernández Pamela Cornejo Romina Vargas Paula Morales Juan Ceballo alvaro Fischer Nicolás Escudero Oscar Escobar Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program Institute of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of MedicineUniversity of ChileIndependencia 1027SantiagoChile School of Medical Technology Faculty of MedicineDiego Portales UniversityEjército 141SantiagoChile

AIM: To investigate the redox dependency and promotion of downstream targets in thyroid hormone (T3)-induced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling as cellular energy sensor to limit metabolic stresses in the l... 详细信息

关键词： Liver Thyroid hormone N-acetylcysteine AMP-activated protein kinase Fatty acid oxidation

The Influence of Demoiselle Aircraft on Light and General Aviation Design

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2013年第4期3卷 238-246页

作者： alvaro Martins Abdalla Femando Martini Catalano Department of Aeronautical Engineering Sao Carlos School of Engineering University of Sao Paulo Sao Carlos SP 13560-970Brazil

In 1907, aviation pioneer Santos-Dumont had the idea of building a very light airplane. He designed and built the SD 19, the Demoiselle, an aircraft with a 6 meter wing span and a 24 HP engine of his own design. The Demoiselle was very successful in flying and, became very popular and its development continued as SD20, SD21 and SD22 （his last airplane）. The influence of the Demoiselle on design principles of light aircraft and general aviation were studied in this work, using statistical entropy, The designs number 20 and 22 may be considered dominant and influenced the design principles of light aircraft and general aviation.

关键词： Demoiselle Santos Dumont general aviation aircraft design statistical entropy

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新型聚苯醚-聚硅氧烷嵌段共聚物(英文)

化工新型材料 2010年第S1期38卷 119-123页

作者： alvaro Carrillo Gerardo Rocha 郭桦沙泊基础创性塑料有限公司

聚苯醚是一种以其优异的耐水性、尺寸稳定性和固有阻燃性而著称的工程热塑性塑料。通过2,6-二甲酚和丁子香酚-封端的聚硅氧烷的氧化偶联聚合制备了聚苯醚-聚硅氧烷的三嵌段共聚物。这种生产共聚物的方法比现有技术的通过连接预先形成的... 详细信息

聚苯醚是一种以其优异的耐水性、尺寸稳定性和固有阻燃性而著称的工程热塑性塑料。通过2,6-二甲酚和丁子香酚-封端的聚硅氧烷的氧化偶联聚合制备了聚苯醚-聚硅氧烷的三嵌段共聚物。这种生产共聚物的方法比现有技术的通过连接预先形成的聚苯醚和聚硅氧烷嵌段而制备相关共聚物的方法简单。本文描述了该共聚物的结构,以及与聚苯醚均聚物相比,该共聚物在关键性质例如抗冲性、阻燃性和生烟性方面的改进。

关键词：聚苯醚聚硅氧烷嵌段共聚物性能

Practical Universal Method for Designing Single-Layer Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers

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Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018年第4期6卷 84-92页

作者： Benjamin Jacard alvaro Valenzuela Manuel Gonzalez Department of Electrical Engineering University of Chile Santiago Chile

A simple design method for electromagnetic wave absorbers under normal incidence is presented. For the fabrication of the microwave absorbing material a novel design chart is used, including curves of constant ?ratio in a? plane. The practical use of the chart is explained and, as example, a microwave absorber fabricated with magnetite-impregnated plastisol is designed and tested at X-band frequencies.

关键词： Permittivity Permeability Single Layer Microwave Absorption Reflection Loss

Quantifying growth and breakage of agglomerates in fluid-particle flow using discrete particle method

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第5期26卷 914-921页

作者： Lingfeng Zhou Junwu Wang Wei Ge Shiwen Liu Jianhua Chen Ji xu Limin Wang Feiguo Chen Ning Yang Rongtao Zhou Lin Zhang Qi Chang Philippe Ricoux alvaro Fernandez State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China TOTALSA - R&D Groupe Paris 92069 France Total Research & Technology Feluy Belgium Germany

The cohesive solids in liquid flows are featured by the dynamic growth and breakage of agglomerates, and the difficulties in the development, design and optimization of these systems are related to this significant *** this paper, discrete particle method is used to simulate a solid–liquid flow system including millions of cohesive particles, the growth rate and breakage rate of agglomerates are then systematically investigated. It was found that the most probable size of the agglomerates is determined by the balance of growth and breakage of the agglomerates the cross point of the lines of growth rate and breakage rate as a function of the particle numbers in an agglomerate, marks the most stable agglomerate size. The finding here provides a feasible way to quantify the dynamic behaviors of growth and breakage of agglomerates, and therefore offers the possibility of quantifying the effects of agglomerates on the hydrodynamics of fluid flows with cohesive particles.

关键词： Agglomerate Growth and breakage Quantification Discrete particle method

3D printed tacrolimus suppositories for the treatment of ulcerative colitis

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2021年第1期16卷 110-119页

作者： Iria Seoane-Viano Jun Jie Ong Asteria Luzardo-Alvarez Miguel Gonzalez-Barcia Abdul W.Basit Francisco J.Otero-Espinar alvaro Goyanes Department of Pharmacology Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of PharmacyUniversity of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela 15782Spain Department of Pharmaceutics UCL School of PharmacyUniversity College LondonLondon WC1N 1AXUK Pharmacy Department University Clinical Hospital Santiago de Compostela(SERGAS)(CHUS)Santiago de Compostela 15706Spain FabRx Ltd. AshfordKent TN240RWUK Departamento de Farmacologia Farmacia y Tecnologia FarmaceuticaI+D Farma Group(GI-1645)Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela 15782Spain

Ulcerative colitis is a global health problem,affecting millions of individuals *** an inflammatory condition localised in the large intestine,rectal delivery of immunosuppressive therapies such as tacrolimus is a promising strategy to maximise drug concentration at the site of action whilst minimising systemic side ***,for the first time,self-supporting 3D-printed tacrolimus suppositories were prepared without the aid of moulds using a pharmaceutical semi-solid extrusion(SSE)3D *** suppositories were printed vertically in three different sizes using combinations of two lipid pharmaceutical excipients(Gelucire 44/14 or Gelucire 48/16)and coconut *** both suppository formulations had the appropriate viscosity characteristics for printing,the Gel 44 formulation required less energy and force for extrusion compared to the Gel 48 *** Gel 44 disintegrated more rapidly but released tacrolimus more slowly than the Gel 48 *** the tacrolimus release profiles were significantly different,both suppository systems released more than 80% drug within 120 *** and XRD analysis was inconclusive in determining the solid-state properties of the drug in the *** summary,this article reports on the fabrication of 3D printed selfsupporting suppositories to deliver personalised doses of a narrow therapeutic index drug,with potential benefits for patients with ulcerative colitis.

关键词： 3D printed drug products Semi-solid extrusion 3D printing Inflammatory bowel disease Suppository drug delivery Pressure assisted syringe M3dimaker

Bile acids:Chemistry,physiology,and pathophysiology

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第7期15卷 804-816页

作者： Maria J Monte Jose JG Marin alvaro Antelo Jose Vazquez-Tato Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting CIBERehdUniversity of Salamanca Facultad de Ciencias Departamento de Quimica FisicaCampus of LugoUniversity of Santiago

The family of bile acids includes a group of molecular species of acidic steroids with very peculiar physical-chemical and biological *** are synthesized by the liver from cholesterol through several complementary pathways that are controlled by mechanisms involving finetuning by the levels of certain bile acid *** their best-known role is their participation in the digestion and absorption of fat,they also play an important role in several other physiological ***,genetic abnormalities accounting for alterations in their synthesis,biotransformation and/or transport may result in severe alterations,even leading to lethal situations for which the sole therapeutic option may be liver ***,the increased levels of bile acids reached during cholestatic liver diseases are known to induce oxidative stress and apoptosis,resulting in damage to the liver parenchyma and,eventually,extrahepatic *** this occurs during pregnancy,the outcome of gestation may be *** contrast,the physical-chemical and biological properties of these compounds have been used as the bases for the development of drugs and as pharmaceutical tools for the delivery of active agents.

关键词： Cholestasis Cholesterol Liver Metabolism Transport

Effectiveness of dry needling on reducing pain intensity in patients with myofascial pain syndrome： a Meta-analysis

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第1期36卷 1-13页

作者： Juan Rodriguez-Mansilla Blanca Gonzalez-Sanchez alvaro De Toro Garcia Enrique Valera-Donoso Elisa Maria Garrido-Ardila Maria Jimenez-Palomares Maria Victoria Gonzalez Lopez-Arza Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Extremadura School of MedicineAdolor Research Group of the University of ExtremaduraBadajoz 06006Spain IMC Physiotherapy clinic Department of Physiotherapy.Caceres 10001Spain Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department Complutense University School of MedicineMadrid 28040Spain

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the literature about the effectiveness of dry needling(DN) on relieving pain and increasing range of motion(ROM) in individuals with myofascial pain syndrome(MPS).METHODS: Papers published from January 2000 to January 2013 were identified through an electronic search in the databases MEDLINE, Dialnet, Cochrane Library Plus, Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PEDro) and Spanish Superior Council of Scientific Research(CSIC). The studies included were randomized controlled trials written in English and/or Spanish about the effectiveness of DN on pain and ROM in individuals with ***: Out of 19 clinical trials that were potentially relevant, a total of 10 were included in the Meta-analysis. Regarding pain intensity reduction when measured before and immediately after the intervention, DN achieved improvement compared with the placebo treatment [d =-0.49; 95% CI(-3.21, 0.42)] and with the control group [d =-9.13;95% CI(- 14.70,- 3.56)]. However, other treatments achieved better results on the same variable compared with DN, considering the measurements for pre-treatment and immediately after [d = 2.54;95% CI(-0.40, 5.48)], as well as the pre-treatment and after 3-4 weeks [d = 4.23; 95% CI(0.78, 7.68)].DN showed a significantly increased ROM when measured before the intervention and immediately after, in comparison with the placebo [d = 2.00;95% CI(1.60, 2.41)]. However, other treatments achieved a significant better result regarding ROM when it was measured before the intervention and immediately after, as compared with DN [d =-1.42;95% CI(-1.84,-0.99)].CONCLUSION: DN was less effective on decreasing pain comparing to the placebo group. Other treatments were more effective than DN on reducing pain after 3-4 weeks. However, on increasing ROM,DN was more effective comparing to that of placebo group, but less than other treatments.

关键词： Dry needling Myofascial pain syndromes Rehabilitation Meta-analysis

Unlocking the in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of halophyte plants from the southern Portugal

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016年第8期9卷 714-719页

作者： Marta Oliveira Policarpo Ademar Sales Junior Maria Joao Rodrigues Marina DellaGreca Luisa Barreira Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta alvaro Jose Romanha Luisa Custodio Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR) University of AlgarveCampus de Gambelas 8005-139 FaroPortugal Centro de Pesquisas Rene Rachou FIOCRUZ Belo HorizonteMinas GeraisBrazil Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Biochimica Universita` Federico Ⅱ Complesso Universitario Monte Sant'AngeloVia Cintia 4I-80126NapoliItaly

Objective:To evaluate the in vitro anti-Trypanosoma cruzi（***） activity of organic extracts prepared from halophyte species collected in the southern coast of Portugal（Algarve）,and chemically characterize the most active ***:Acetone,dichloromethane and methanol extracts were prepared from 31 halophyte species and tested in vitro against trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of the Tulahuen strain of *** most active extract was fractionated by preparative HPLC-DAD,affording 11 *** most selective fraction was fully characterized by ***:From 94 samples tested,one was active,namely the root dichloromethane extract of Juncus acutus(IC50 < 20 μg/mL).This extract was fractionated by HPLC,affording 11 fractions,one of them containing only a pure compound（juncunol）,and tested for anti-parasitic *** 8(IC50 = 4.1 μg/mL) was the most active,and was further characterized by *** major compounds were phenanthrenes,9,10-dihydrophenanthrenes and ***:Our results suggest that the compounds identified in fraction 8 are likely responsible for the observed anti parasitic *** research is in progress aiming to isolate and identify the specific active *** the best of our knowledge,this is the first report on the in vitro anti *** activity of halophyte species.

关键词： Chagas disease Halophytes Trypanosoma cruzi Phenanthrenes Juncunol