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A narrative review of the success of intramuscular gluteal injections and its impact in psychiatry

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2018年第3期1卷 161-170页

作者： Erfan Soliman Sarujan Ranjan Tianyou Xu Carol Gee Aidan Harker alvaro barrera John Geddes Department of Engineering Sciences Institute of BiomedicalEngineering Old Road Campus Research BuildingUniversity of Oxford Oxford OX3 7DQ UK Warneford Hospital Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust Warneford Ln Oxford OX3 7JX UK Department of Psychiatry University of Oxford Warneford Hospital Warneford Ln Oxford OX3 7JX UK

There are 12 billion injections given worldwide every year. For many injections, the intramuscular route is favoured over the subcutaneous route due to the increased vascularity of muscle tissue and the corresponding increase in the bioavailability of drugs when administered intramuscularly. This paper is a review of the variables that affect the success of intramuscular injections and the implications that these success rates have in psychiatry and general medicine. Studies have shown that the success rates of intended intramuscular injections vary between 32 and 52%, with the rest potentially resulting in inadvertent subcutaneous drug deposition. These rates are found to be even lower for certain at-risk populations, such as obese patients and those on antipsychotic medications. The variables associated with an increased risk of injection failure include female sex, obesity, site of injection, and subcutaneous fat depth. New guidelines and methods are needed in order to address this challenge and ensure that patients receive optimum care. Looking forward, the best way to improve the delivery of intramuscular injections worldwide is to develop uniform algorithms or innovative medical devices to confirm or guarantee successful delivery at the bedside.

关键词： Intramuscular injection Gluteal Subcutaneous Ultrasound Computed tomography Antipsychotic

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics based numerical study of hydroplaning considering permeability characteristics of runway surface

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 319-333页

作者： Yang YANG Xingyi ZHU Denis JELAGIN alvaro GUARIN Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Auto Engineering Research Institute BYD Auto Industry Company LimitedShenzhen 518118China Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering KTH Royal Institute of TechnologyStockholm 10044Sweden

The presence of water films on a runway surface presents a risk to the landing of *** tire of the aircraft is separated from the runway due to a hydrodynamic force exerted through the water film,a phenomenon called *** a lot of numerical investigations into hydroplaning have been conducted,only a few have considered the impact of the runway ***,computational problems,such as excessive distortion and computing efficiency decay,may arise with such numerical models when dealing with the thin water *** paper presents a numerical model comprising of the tire,water film,and the interaction with the runway,applying a mathematical model using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics and finite element(SPH-FE)*** material properties and geometric features of the tire model were included in the model framework and water film thicknesses from 0.75 mm to 7.5 mm were used in the numerical ***,this work investigated the impacts of both surface texture and the runway *** interaction between tire rubber and the rough runway was analyzed in terms of frictional force between the two *** SPH-FE model was validated with an empirical equation proposed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA).Then the computational efficiency of the model was compared with the traditional coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian(CEL)*** on the SPH-FE model,four types of the runway(Flat,SMA-13,AC-13,and OGFC-13)were *** simulation of the asphalt runway shows that the SMA-13,AC-13,and OGFC-13 do not present a hydroplaning risk when the runway permeability coefficient exceeds 6%.

关键词： SPH-FE approach hydroplaning numerical simulation surface texture runway surface reconstruction

Implicit large eddy simulation of unsteady cloud cavitation around a plane-convex hydrofoil

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第6期27卷 815-823页

作者： HIDALGO Victor 罗先武 ESCALER Xavier 季斌 AGUINAGA alvaro Beijing Key Laboratory of CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology Tsinghua University CDIF Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan University Mechanical Engineering Department Escuela Politecnica Nacional University

The present paper focuses on the erosive cavitation behavior around a plane convex hydrofoil. The Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model is implemented in a library form to be used with the OpenFOAM. The implicit large eddy simulation （ILES） is app- lied to analyze the three-dimensional unsteady cavitating flow around a plane convex hydrofoil. The numerical results in the cases under the hydrodynamic conditions, which were experimentally tested at the high speed cavitation tunnel of the l^cole Polytechnique F6d＆ale de Lausanne （EPFL）, clearly show the sheet cavitation development, the shedding and the collapse of vapor clouds. It is noted that the cavitation evolutions including the maximum vapor length, the detachment and the oscillation frequency, are captured fairly well. Furthermore, the pressure pulses due to the cavitation development as well as the complex vortex structures are reasona- bly well predicted. Consequently, it may be concluded that the present numerical method can be used to investigate the unsteady cavitation around hydrofoils with a satisfactory accuracy.

关键词： implicit large eddy simulation (ILES) unsteady partial cavitation Zwart-Gerber-Belamri cavitation model OpenFOAM,Q - criterion

Sizing and Siting of Battery Energy Storage Systems:A Colombian Case

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2022年第3期10卷 700-709页

作者： alvaro Avendano Pena David Romero-Quete Camilo A.Cortes Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotaColombia

This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming(MILP)formulation for sizing and siting of battery energy storage systems(BESSs).The problem formulation seeks to minimize both operation costs and BESS *** proposed model includes restrictions of the conventional securityconstrained unit commitment problem,a piece-wise linear approximation to model power losses,and a linear model of hydro generation *** proposed model is tested in a 6-bus test system and a 15-bus system representing the Colombian power *** the two studied systems,simulation results show that the reduction of operation costs due to the installation of BESSs compensates the investments,under some of the considered technical cost ***,results show that adequate sizing and siting of BESSs reduce renewable energy curtailment in the Colombian power system with high penetration of fluctuating renewable generation.

关键词： Battery energy storage curtailment sizing and siting renewable energy

Phenotypic variation in food utilization in an outbreak insect herbivore

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Insect Science 2018年第3期25卷 467-474页

作者： Roberto Quezada-Garcia alvaro Fuentealba Eric Bauce Faculté de Foresterie Géographie et Géomafique Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt Centre d'Etude de la Forêt (CEF) Universite Laval Quebec City Quebec Canada

The effects of nutrition may have subtantial impact on insect evolution by shaping different components of phenotypes. The key to undestanding this evolutionary process is to know how nutritional condition affects additive and nonadditive components of the phenotype. However, this is poorly understood in outbreaking insects. We investigated the additive and nonadditive variation present in food utilization traits in spruce budworm individuals subjected to chronic nutritional stress. A total of 160 full-sib families of spruce budworm （Choristoneurafumiferana Clem.） were raised under laboratory condi- tions, feeding on 2 diets （high and low energy） during 3 generations. Variables tested were pupal mass, consumption rate （RCR）, growth rate （RGR）, approximate digestibility （AD）, the efficiency of conversion of digested food （ECD） and the efficiency of conversion of ingested food （ECI）. Our results show that all traits tested presented a high percentage of nonadditive effects that modulate phenotype expression. We found a significant impact of family × diet interaction on pupal mass, RGR and ECD. Furthermore, these traits exhib- ited the greatest heritability. There was no evidence of presence of maternal effects. The results revealed that food utilization traits may evolve through epigenetics effects, such as phenotypic plasticity. This information can be used by modellers to improve forecast of spruce budworm population dynamics.

关键词： food utilization nutritional stress phenotypic plasticity spruce budworm

New insights on cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2010年第3期2卷 136-145页

作者： Manuela Gatto Domenico alvaro Division of Gastroenterology Department of Clinical MedicineUniversity of Rome"Sapienza"Polo Pontino

Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) is a devastating cancer arising from the neoplastic transformation of the biliary *** is characterized by a progressive increase in incidence and *** only curative therapy is radical surgery or liver transplantation but,unfortunately,the majority of patients present with advanced stage disease,which is not amenable to surgical ***,proposed serum and bile biomarkers could help in the screening and surveillance of categories at risk and in diagnosing CCA at an early *** molecular mechanisms triggering neoplastic transformation and growth of biliary epithelium are still undef ined,but signif icant progress has been achieved in the last few *** review deals with the most recent advances on epidemiology,biology,and clinical management of CCA.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Cholangiocytes Growth factors Proliferation Apoptosis

Corrosion Behavior of Ψ and β Quasicrystalline Al–Cu–Fe Alloy

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2015年第9期28卷 1117-1122页

作者： alvaro Torres Sergio Serna Cristobal Patio Gerardo Rosas Facultad de Ciencias Químicas e Ingeniería P.A. Ing.Mecnica UAEM Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa62210 Cuernavaca Mor. Mexico Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas UAEM Av. Universidad 1001 Col. Chamilpa62210 Cuernavaca Mor. Mexico Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Autónoma del CarmenCampus Ⅲ Avenida Central S/N Esq. con Fracc. MundoMaya C.P. 24115 Ciudad del Carmen Campeche Mexico Instituto de Investigaciones Metalurgicas UMSNH Edificio U. Ciudad Universitaria Morelia Mich. 58000 Mexico

Two nanostructured A1-Cu-Fe alloys, A164Cu24Fe12 and A162.5Cu25.2Fe12.3, have been studied. Icosahedral quasicrystalline （ψ） A164CH24FeI2 and crystalline cubic （ β） ***25.2Fe12.3 cylindrical ingots were first produced using normal casting techniques. High-energy mechanical milling was then conducted to obtain β icosahedral and β intermetallic nanostructured powders. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance, and potentiodynamic polarization were used to investigate the electrochemical corrosion characteristics of the powders in solutions with different pH values. Current density （icorr）, polarization resistance （Rp）, and impedance modulus （121） were determined. The results showed that regardless of pH value, increasing the solution temperature enhanced the corrosion resistance of the both phases. However, the electrochemical behavior of the phase indicated that its stability depends on the submerged exposure time in neutral and alkaline environments. This behavior was related to the type of corrosion products present on the surfaces of the particles along with the diffusion and charge-transfer mechanisms of the corrosion process.

关键词： Nano-quasicrystalline AI-Cu-Fe alloy Mechanical alloying Corrosion

Analytical approximations to a generalized forced damped complex Duffing oscillator:multiple scales method and KBM approach

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2023年第2期75卷 18-27页

作者： Weaam Alhejaili alvaro H Salas S A El-Tantawy Department of Mathematical Sciences College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Statistics Universidad Nacional de ColombiaFIZMAKO Research GroupColombia Department of Physics Faculty of SciencePort Said UniversityPort Said 42521Egypt Research Center for Physics(RCP) Department of PhysicsFaculty of Science and ArtsAl-MikhwahAl-Baha UniversitySaudi Arabia

In this investigation,some different approaches are implemented for analyzing a generalized forced damped complex Duffing oscillator,including the hybrid homotopy perturbation method(H-HPM),which is sometimes called the Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolsky(KBM)method and the multiple scales method(MSM).All mentioned methods are applied to obtain some accurate and stable approximations to the proposed problem without decoupling the original *** obtained approximations are discussed graphically using different numerical values to the relevant ***,all obtained approximate solutions are compared with the 4thorder Runge-Kutta(RK4)numerical *** maximum residual distance error(MRDE)is also estimated,in order to verify the high accuracy of the obtained analytic approximations.

关键词： complex Duffing oscillators forced damped complex oscillator multiple scales method KBM method

Foraging, feeding, and physiological stress responses of wild wood mice to increased illumination and common genet cues

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 409-417页

作者： alvaro NAVARRO-CASTILLA Isabel BARJA Mario DíAZ Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences Universidad Autónoma de Madrid C/Darwin 2 Campus Universitario de Cantolanco Madrid 28049 Spain Department of Biogeography and Global Change Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC Madrid 28006 Spain

In nature, animals are exposed to a broad range of threats imposed by predators, which may strongly influence the ecology of prey species directly or indirectly by affecting their behavior via fear of predation. Here, we studied wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus behavioral and physiological responses to simulated predation risk. Risk avoidance was analyzed by live trapping with control traps and traps treated with feces of common genet Genetta genetta （direct cue of risk） under new moon nights and following by simulated full moon conditions （indirect cue）. The time devoted to foraging behavior and capture time were analyzed by video recording mice activity around traps. Food intake was calculated based on the amount of bait remaining in each trap. Fecal cortico- sterone metabolites （FCMs） were measured by enzyme-immunoassay as indicators of physio- logical stress responses. Fewer wood mice were captured during full moon, yet only non-breeding adult males clearly avoided common genet odor. Mice were captured sooner at night during the simulated full moon conditions and later in predator-treated traps. Foraging activity was lower when individuals faced predator＇s feces, but neither food intake nor FCM levels were affected by predation risk cues. Direct and indirect cues of predation risk selectively affected wood mice behavior, although behavioral responses seem to be modulated by different costs-benefit balances related to the individual＇s perception of risk. The lack of physiological responses to predation risk cues suggests that wood mice did not perceive them as reliable stressors or the response was too small or transient to be measured by FCM.

关键词： common genet fecal predator cues feeding foraging moonlight predator avoidance