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Spatio-temporal co-occurrence of hotspots of tuberculosis, poverty and air pollution in lima, Peru

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第2期9卷 84-89页

作者： Gabriel Carrasco-Escobar alvaro Schwalb Kelly Tello-lizarraga Percy Vega-Guerovich Cesar Ugarte-Gil Health Innovation lab Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von HumboldtUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru Division of Infectious Diseases Department of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru School of Public Health and Administration Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru School of Economics and Finance Universidad del PacificoLimaPeru School of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru TB Centre London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK

Growing evidence suggests pollution and other environmental factors have a role in the development of tuberculosis(TB),however,such studies have never been conducted in Peru.Considering the association between air pollution and specific geographic areas,our objective was to determine the spatial distribution and clustering of TB incident cases in lima and their co-occurrence with clusters of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)and poverty.We found co-occurrences of clusters of elevated concentrations of air pollutants such as PM2.5,high poverty indexes,and high TB incidence in lima.These findings suggest an interplay of socio-economic and environmental in driving TB incidence.

关键词： Tuberculosis Hotspots Air pollution

Indirect determination of shear wave velocity in slow formations using full-wave sonic logging technique

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2020年第6期12卷 1226-1233页

作者： Francisco Beltran alvaro Yañez-Gonzalez María J.Crespo Belgar Engineering Consultants Gabriel García Márquez 9Collado-Villalba28400Spain ESTEYCO Menéndez Pidal 17Madrid28036Spain Principia Engineering Consuxltants Velázquez 94Madrid28006Spain

This article presents a case study concerning a seismic characterization project.Full-wave sonic logging was used to characterize the shallow compressional wave and shear wave velocity profiles in the site.Anomalous values of the Poisson’s ratio derived from the velocity profiles suggested that the boreholes might have traversed slow formations(i.***.with shear wave velocity smaller than the borehole fluid compressional wave velocity or“mud-wave speed”)and that conventional processing of the sonic logs might have misinterpreted the direct arrivals of fluid acoustic waves as arrivals caused by shear wave propagation in the rock.Consequently,the shear wave velocity profiles provided by the contractor were considered to be unreliable by the project team.To address these problems,a non-conventional determination of the shear wave velocity was implemented,based on the relationship between the Poisson’s ratio of the rock formation and the shape of the first train of sonic waves which arrived to the receivers in the sonic probe.The relationship was determined based on several hundreds of finite element simulations of the acoustic wave propagation in boreholes with the same diameter as used in the perforations.The present article describes how this non-conventional approach was developed and implemented to obtain the shear wave velocity profiles from the raw sonic logs.The approach allows an extension of the range of applicability of full-wave sonic logging to determination of shear wave velocity profiles in formations with low compressional wave velocities.The method could be used to obtain shear wave velocity profiles where compressional wave velocity is as low as slightly larger than the mud-wave speed.A sample sonic log in log ASCII Standard(lAS)format is provided as supplementary material to this paper via Mendeley Data,together with the FORTRAN source code used to process the log following the approach described in this study.

关键词： Sonic logging Slow formation Shear wave velocity Poisson’s ratio P-wave packet

Permanent Pacemaker Implantation in a Patient with Ventricular Fibrillation due to Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: A Case Report

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2022年第7期12卷 414-418页

作者： Altamirano alvaro Moukabary Talal Faramarzi Negar Habibi Roshanak Internal Medicine Department Banner University Medical Center Tucson AZ USA Internal Medicine Department Brown University Providence RI USA

We present here the case of a 43-year-old female without any known past medical history who was brought into the emergency department (ED) by the emergency medical services (EMS) after receiving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on the field. Per EMS, on arrival patient was found to be on ventricular fibrillation and was shocked 3 times. Patient had no past medical history. In the ED, EKG showed sinus rhythm and troponin was 23 which is slightly high compared to upper limit. Patient was taken to the cath lab immediately which showed small to medium caliber septal 1 branch severe mid segment disease with distal tapering suggestive of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. No stent was placed. Electrophysiology was consulted and an Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator was placed. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a phenomenon where an epicardial coronary artery dissection occurs that is not related to atherosclerosis, trauma or iatrogenia. Patients with SCAD presenting with ventricular arrhythmias are not very common. In a Canadian registry analyzing 1056 patients with SCAD, only 84 of them presented with ventricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular tachycardia (VT) and only 8 underwent ICD placement. They followed up the patients for 5 years and 8 patients suffered VT/VF. 5 of those 8 patients had VT/VF on initial SCAD presentation, and only 1 of them had undergone ICD insertion. There are no specific guidelines regarding ICD placement on patients with coronary artery dissection, but the AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines can help us make decisions. Our case underscores the importance of more prospective or retrospective studies to identify those patients with SCAD who would benefit from ICD placement for secondary prevention. The current guidelines for ventricular arrhythmias are an excellent tool for the electrophysiologist regarding the management of these arrhythmias in other specific scenarios but guidance on SCAD is still lacking.

关键词： Ventricular Fibrillation Spontaneous Coronary Dissection Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator

Intrapericardial Paraganglioma, an Exceedingly Rare Finding: A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2023年第7期12卷 251-255页

作者： alvaro Altamirano Roshanak Habibi Kamaldeep Singh Govinda Adhikari Department of Internal Medicine Banner University Medical Center Tucson USA

Paragangliomas are rare tumors that arise from the sympathetic or the parasympathetic ganglia. Parasympathetic paragangliomas are usually nonfunctional. They are often found in the pre aortic and paravertebral sympathetic plexus or at the base of the skull. 80% of these are Glomus jugulare and carotid body paragangliomas. Intrapericardial paragangliomas are exceedingly rare. less than 2% of paragangliomas are found in the chest and most of them are situated in the posterior mediastinum. As such, there are no clear guidelines on how to treat intrapericardial paragangliomas. We present here the case of a patient with an intrapericardial paraganglioma who was evaluated by cardiology, cardiac surgery, and endocrinology. In this case cardiac surgery opted for a conservative approach and did not offer surgery to the patient. There is some literature supporting a surgical approach but no specific guidelines about this have been written. The patient is currently being monitored since she did not have metastatic disease and her paraganglioma was nonfunctioning. With this case we want to add to the body of evidence that this type of cases does not need an urgent surgical approach.

关键词： Paraganglioma Intrapericardial Nonfunctioning

Numerical study of unsteady cavitation on 2D NACA0015 hydrofoil using free/open source software

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第26期59卷 3276-3282页

作者： Victor Hidalgo Xianwu luo Bin Ji alvaro Aguinaga State Key laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering Tsinghua University Mechanical Engineering Departments Escuela Politecnica Nacional University

The free/open source software as OpenFOAM,Salome meshing and python language under Debian linux system are evaluated to model unsteady cavitating turbulent flow around a NACA0015 hydrofoil. Based on the cavitation model proposed by Kunz and large eddy simulation(lES) method, we denote the benefits of free software and open source tools as an alternative to proprietary software of computational fluid mechanics, and provided a modified cavitation model to improve numerical accuracy.The simulation results of typical break-off cycle for cavitation shedding are compared to available experimental data, and validated using image processing to find percentage of similarities. The sheet cavity frequency of 7.752 Hz was obtained based on cavitation evolution and pressure fluctuations. The study gives relevant information for CFD software development in the future.

关键词：空化模型开源软件自由软件非定常数值研究水翼 Python语言 linux系统

Multiple cells of origin in cholangiocarcinoma underlie biological,epidemiological and clinical heterogeneity

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2012年第5期4卷 94-102页

作者： Vincenzo Cardinale Guido Carpino lola Reid Eugenio Gaudio Domenico alvaro Department of MedicoSurgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Polo PontinoSapienza University of Rome00137 RomeItaly Department of Health Sciences University of Rome "Foro Italico"000135 RomeItaly Department of Anatomical HistologicalForensic Medicine and Orthopedics SciencesSapienza University of Rome000137 RomeItaly Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology Biomedical EngineeringProgram in Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyUNC School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599United States Eleonora lorillard Spencer-Cenci Foundation 00156 RomeItaly

Recent histological and molecular characterization of cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) highlights the heterogeneity of this cancer that may emerge at different sites of the biliary tree and with different macroscopic or morphological features.Furthermore,different stem cell niches have been recently described in the liver and biliarytree,suggesting this as the basis of the heterogeneity of intrahepatic(IH)-and extrahepatic(EH)-CCAs,which are two largely different tumors from both biological and epidemiological points of view.The complexity of the organization of the liver stem cell compartments could underlie the CCA clinical-pathological heterogeneity and the criticisms in classifying primitive liver tumors.These recent advances highlight a possible new classification of CCAs based on cells of origin and this responds to the need of generating homogenous diagnostic,prognostic and,hopefully,therapeutic categories of IH-and EH-CCAs.

关键词： Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Cholangiocarcinoma classification Cholangiolocarcinoma Cells of origin Cancer stem cells Peribiliary glands Biliary tree stem/progenitor cells Human hepatic stem cells Risk factors Targeted therapies

Pleistocene history of Iberomys,an endangered endemic rodent from southwestern Europe

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第4期9卷 481-497页

作者： Gloria CUENCA-BESCÓS Juan Manuel lÓpez-GARCÍA María Angeles GAlINDO-PEllICENA Rosa GARCÍA-PEREA Julio GISBERT Juan ROFES Jacint VENTURA Research Group Aragosaurus-IUCA PaleontologyEarth Sciences DepartmentUniversity of ZaragozaZaragozaSpain Research Group of Paleobiology and Prehistory Human Studies DepartmentUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly Research Institute of Evolution and Human Behavior UCM-ISCIIIMadridSpain GAlEMIA Conservation and Study of Forgotten VertebratesMadridSpain Department of Stratigraphy and Paleontology Faculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of the Basque CountryGipuzkoaGuipúzcoaSpain Department of Animal Biology Plant Biology and EcologyFaculty of BiosciencesUniversity Autonoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain

The extant Cabrera’s vole,Microtus cabrerae,differs in morphology and evolutionary history from the other species of Microtus.This arvicoline has unique derived features in the cranium,mandible and dentition.Probably its most conspicuous features are its large size,the high skull in lateral view,the long and distally broad nasals,and the triangle shape of the anteroconid complex,with a marked labio-lingual asymmetry of the occlusal surface of the first lower molars.In this study,we propose a phylogenetic lineage that includes Cabrera’s vole in what until now has been the Microtus subgenus Iberomys.Paleontological information and several life history traits support the elevation of Iberomys to the rank of genus.Genus Iberomys comprises species that have appeared in succession during the Quaternary:in the Early Pleistocene,the extinct I.huescarensis in the Middle Pleistocene,the extinct I.mediterraneus and in the late Pleistocene,the extant I.cabrerae.Interestingly,the extant species shows several biological singularities,such as multiple polymorphic copies of the SRY male-specific gene in both males and females,and the lowest basal metabolic rate in relation to weight among arvicoline species.likewise,its habitat requirement is unique among the Iberian arvicolines.Accordingly,the biological and paleontological data that we present in this work support the elevation of its taxonomic rank to that of genus.This study also suggests a modification of nomenclature:Microtus(Iberomys)brecciensis is replaced with I.mediterraneus and the common name of the extant M.(I.)cabrerae changed from‘topillo’to‘iberon’to improve conservation and protection actions.

关键词： Cabrera’s vole conservation Iberoccitanian endemism Iberomys origin

Optimal analytical and numerical approximations to the(un)forced(un)damped parametric pendulum oscillator

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2022年第10期74卷 16-29页

作者： Haifa A Alyousef M R Alharthi alvaro H Salas S A El-Tantawy Department of physics College of SciencePrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityP.O.Box 84428Riyadh 11671Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Statistics College of ScienceTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif 21944Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics and Statistics Universidad Nacional de ColombiaFIZMAKO Research GroupSede ManizalesColombia Department of Physics Faculty of SciencePort Said UniversityPort Said 42521Egypt Research Center for Physics(RCP) Department of PhysicsFaculty of Science and ArtsAl-MikhwahAl-Baha UniversitySaudi Arabia

The(un)forced(un)damped parametric pendulum oscillator(PPO)is analyzed analytically and numerically using some simple,effective,and more accurate techniques.In the first technique,the ansatz method is employed for analyzing the unforced damped PPO and for deriving some optimal and accurate analytical approximations in the form of angular Mathieu functions.In the second approach,some approximations to(un)forced damped PPO are obtained in the form of trigonometric functions using the ansatz method.In the third approach,He’s frequency-amplitude principle is applied for deriving some approximations to the(un)damped PPO.In the forth approach,He’s homotopy technique is employed for analyzing the forced(un)damped PPO numerically.In the fifth approach,the p-solution Method,which is constructed based on Krylov–Bogoliúbov Mitropolsky method,is introduced for deriving an approximation to the forced damped PPO.In the final approach,the hybrid Padé-finite difference method is carried out for analyzing the damped PPO numerically.All proposed techniques are compared to the fourth-order Runge–Kutta(RK4)numerical solution.Moreover,the global maximum residual distance error is estimated for checking the accuracy of the obtained approximations.The proposed methodologies and approximations can help many researchers in studying and investigating several nonlinear phenomena related to the oscillations that can arise in various branches of science,e.***.waves and oscillations in plasma physics.

关键词： parametric pendulum equation Ansatz method He’s frequency-amplitude principle He’s homotopy technique Krylov-Bogoliúbov Mitropolsky method the hybrid Padé-finite difference method

Changes in leaflet shape and seeds per pod modify crop growth parameters, canopy light environment, and yield components in soybean

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The Crop Journal 2020年第2期8卷 351-364页

作者： Julieta S.Bianchi alvaro Quijano Carlos O.Gosparini laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de Rosario(UNR)Campo Experimental J.VillarinoP.O.Box 142125 ZavallaSanta FeArgentina Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Agrarias de Rosario(IICAR) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)–UNRCampo Experimental J.VillarinoP.O.Box 142125 ZavallaSanta FeArgentina Consejo de Investigaciones de la UNR(CIUNR) Campo Experimental J.VillarinoP.O.Box 142125 ZavallaSanta FeArgentina

Seed number(SN)is the component most strongly associated with yield in soybean.SN depends on pod number(PN)and seeds per pod(SPP).Whereas SPP is a relatively stable component,PN is strongly influenced by environmental and management factors.However,the environmental cues involved in PN regulation are not completely understood.The influence of increasing SPP on other yield components is controversial.Field trials were conducted in two growing seasons using two pairs of lanceolate(l)and ovate(O)nearisogenic lines,sown at low(lD)and high(HD)plant densities to evaluate the effect of leaflet shape on crop growth parameters,canopy red/far-red(R/FR)ratio,their relationships with pod initiation,PN,and yield;and the effect of increasing SPP on PN,SN,and yield.l canopies showed a higher number of pods initiated(PI)than O canopies owing to the increase of PI on branches.No association between PI and crop growth rate during the pod set period was found.PI was negatively associated with leaf area index(lAI)and light interception.In contrast,a positive association between PI and canopy R/FR ratio was found.This latter association was sustained irrespective of whether the lAI was below or above its critical value,providing experimental evidence that R/FR ratio is positively associated with pod initiation in soybean canopies.An increase in SPP produced a direct and steady increase in SN regardless of PN and plant density.A yield increase was observed for the l-lD treatment,which combined the increased SPP of l lines with the highest PN of l-lD canopies.These results have implications for crop management and breeding strategies aimed at increasing the yield potential of soybean.

关键词： soybean breeding shape