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Expert perspective on technological choice for cooking energy transition in Nepal

Clean Energy 2024年第4期8卷 40-48页

作者： Dipesh KC Sunil Prasad lohani Poushan Shrestha Chunyu Xue Renewable and Sustainable Energy Laboratory(RSEL) Department of Mechanical EngineeringKathmandu UniversityKathmanduNepal Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina

Solid biomass dominates as the primary source of cooking energy,especially in rural households of *** use of solid biomass has a detrimental effect on health,exacerbates the burden of biomass collection,and hampers access to clean *** the factors influencing the choice of modern cooking fuels is crucial to improving energy security and resilience and easing the transition to clean *** study evaluates technological choices for the transition in cooking energy from the perspective of experts working in the government,non-government,and academia sectors.A structured questionnaire survey was prepared with five criteria and nine cooking technology ***-one experts responded to the survey,and their responses were analyzed using the analytical hierarchy *** study reveals that efficiency and capital cost are the primary criteria for selecting cooking tech*** most suitable clean cooking technology is an induction stove followed by a hot plate,while the least preferred technology is a Bayupankhi stove followed by two-pothole mud improved cooking *** ensure the robustness of the method,sensitivity analysis was performed on the two primary criteria efficiency and capital cost of the cooking *** analysis revealed robust and consistent rankings of *** study should help create a conducive environment for relevant stakeholders and policymakers to formulate and implement relevant policies and strategies to accelerate the cooking energy transition in Nepal.

关键词： cooking technologies cooking energy transition electric cooking residential sector analytical hierarchy process

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Identification of a Native Novel Oncolytic Immunoglobulin on Exfoliated Colon Epithelial Cells: A Bispecific Heterodimeric Chimera of IgA/IgG*

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2020年第6期10卷 126-150页

作者： George P. Albaugh Sudhir K. Dutta Vasantha Iyengar Samina Shami althaf lohani Eduardo Sainz George Kessie Prasanna Nair Sara Lagerholm Alka Kamra J.-H. Joshua Chen Shilpa Kalavapudi Rakesh Vinayek Robert Shores Laila E. Phillips Ram Nair Padmanabhan P. Nair Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Centre Agricultural Research Service Beltsville MD USA Division of Gastroenterology Sinai Hospital of Baltimore Baltimore MD USA Department of International Health Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA NonInvasive Technologies LLC Elkridge MD USA Department of Pediatrics University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA

Understanding the nature of cell surface markers on exfoliated colonic cells is a crucial step in establishing criteria for a normally functioning mucosa. We have found that colonic cells isolated from stool samples (SCSR-010 Fecal Cell Isolation Kit, NonInvasive Technologies, Elkridge, MD), preserved at room temperature for up to one week, with viability of >85% and low levels of apoptosis (8% - 10%) exhibit two distinct cell size subpopulations, in the 2.5 μM - 5.0 μM and 5.0 μM - 8.0 μM range. In addition to IgA, about 60% of the cells expressed a novel heterodimeric IgA/IgG immunoglobulin that conferred a broad-spectrum cell mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells. In a cohort of 58 subjects the exclusive absence of this immunoglobulin in two African-Americans was suggestive of a germline deletion. Serial cultures in stem cell medium retained the expression of this heterodimer. Since a majority of the cystic cells expressed the stem cell markers Lgr5 and Musashi-1 we termed these cells as gastrointestinal progenitor stem cells (GIP-C**). CXCR-4, the cytokine co-receptor for HIV was markedly expressed. These cells also expressed CD20, IgA, IgG, CD45, and COX-2. We assume that they originated from mature columnar epithelium by dedifferentiation. Our observations indicate that we have a robust noninvasive method to study mucosal pathophysiology and a direct method to create a database for applications in regenerative medicine.

关键词： Colon Epithelial Cells CXCR-4 IgA/IgG Chimeric Immunoglobulin Heterodimer COX-2 LGR-5 Musashi-1 Dedifferentiation Cellular Engraftment Oncoly-sis Gastrointestinal Progenitor Stem Cells (GIP-C)

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Development and comparison of aerial photograph aided visualization pipelines for LiDAR datasets

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第8期8卷 656-677页

作者： Suddhasheel Ghosh Bharat lohani Department of Civil Engineering MGM’s Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering CollegeAurangabadIndia Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpurIndia

Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)technology generates dense and precise threedimensional datasets in the form of point *** methods of mapping with airborne LiDAR datasets deal with the process of classification or feature specific *** processes have been observed to be time-consuming and unfit to handle in scenarios where topographic information is required in a small amount of *** there is a requirement of developing methods which process the data and reconstruct the scene in a small amount of *** paper presents several pipelines for visualizing LiDAR datasets without going through classification and compares them using statistical methods to rank these processes in the order of depth and feature *** make the comparison more meaningful,a manually classified and computer-aided design(CAD)reconstructed dataset is also included in the list of compared *** show that a heuristic-based method,previously developed by the authors perform almost equivalent to the manually classified and reconstructed dataset,for the purposes of *** paper makes some distinct contributions as:(1)gives a heuristics-based visualization pipeline for LiDAR datasets,and(2)presents an experimental design supported by statistical analysis to compare different pipelines.

关键词： LiDAR mining feature extraction visualization experiment design nonparametric statistics

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CFD analysis for mixing performance of different types of household biodigesters

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Clean Energy 2022年第2期6卷 325-334页

作者： Sagar Shrestha Sunil Prasad lohani Renewable and Sustainable Energy Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringKathmandu UniversityNepal

Household biodigesters are self-mixing anaerobic digesters used mostly in rural areas of developing countries as a reliable source of clean cooking *** an efficient anaerobic digestion process,the mixing of slurry inside the digester is regarded as one of the most important *** this study,the mixing of slurry in three different designs of household digesters,namely the fixed-dome digester(GGC 2047 model),plug-flow digester and prefabricated plastic digester,are investigated and compared using compu-tational fluid dynamics.A 3D transient simulation is performed using a multiphase volume of fluid(VOF)model in Ansys^(■)Fluent release *** rheological properties of the feedstock are considered identical for all three *** volume of the plug-flow and prefabricated plastic digesters is designed to be 1 m^(3) while the volume of the GGC 2047 digester was 6 m^(3) as the standard size of the household *** regions inside the digester where the velocity of slurry is<0.02 m/s are regarded as dead zones and the obtained results were analysed and compared using velocity patterns and dead-zone *** is found that the prefabricated plastic digester model has a relatively higher percentage of dead volume(74.6%)and the plug-flow digester has the lowest per-centage(54%)of dead volume among digesters that were compared in this *** study will serve as the basis for designers and researchers to improve the design of household digesters for better mixing performances.

关键词： household biodigesters dead zone CFD anaerobic digestion mixing biomass Ansys Fluent

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100% renewable energy with pumped-hydro-energy storage in Nepal

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Clean Energy 2021年第2期5卷 243-253页

作者： Sunil Prasad lohani Andrew Blakers School of Engineering Kathmandu UniversityPO BOX:6250DhulikhelKavreNepal College of Engineering and Computer Science Australian National UniversityCanberraAustralia

A radical transformation of the global energy system is *** photovoltaics and wind now comprise three-quarters of the global net new electricity-generation-capacity additions because they are *** deep renewable electrification of energy services including transport,heating and industry will allow solar and wind to largely eliminate fossil fuels over the next few *** paper demonstrates that Nepal will be able to achieve energy self-sufficiency during the twenty-first *** has good solar and moderate hydroelectric potential but has negligible wind-and fossil-energy *** solar potential is about 100 times larger than that required to support a 100%solar-energy system in which all Nepalese citizens enjoy a similar per-person energy consumption to developed countries,without the use of fossil fuels and without the environmental degradation resulting from damming Nepal’s Himalayan *** has vast low-cost off-river pumped hydro-energy-storage potential,thus eliminating the need for on-river hydro storage and moderating the need for large-scale ***,with support from hydro and battery storage,is likely to be the primary route for renewable electrification and rapid growth of the Nepalese energy system.

关键词： solar photovoltaics pumped-hydro-energy storage traditional biomass renewable energy national energy mix current scenario greenhouse gas

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Cooking-energy transition in Nepal: trend review

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Clean Energy 2021年第1期5卷 1-9页

作者： Dipti Paudel Marc Jeuland Sunil Prasad lohani Department of Mechanical Engineering School of EngineeringKathmandu UniversityDhulikhelNepal Sanford School of Public Policy and Duke Global Health Institute Duke University DurhamUSA RWI-Leibniz Institute for Economic Research EssenGermany

Clean-cooking energy is key to meeting climate-mitigation goals and a range of development objectives,especially for improving the well-being of women and *** burning of solid biomass for cooking releases household air pollution that is hazardous to health,while putting pressure on forest *** paper provides an overview of the household-cooking-energy transition in Nepal to *** numerous efforts by the government and other actors to speed this transition,energy data spanning the years 2000-18 reveal that~69%of households nationwide still rely on solid fuels for cooking *** proportion of solid-fuel users is especially high in rural regions,reaching>80%.Moreover,if the current rate of progress is not accelerated,the use of solid fuels will remain high even in 2030,preventing the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal(SDG)***-fuel choices are heavily constrained by accessibility,demographic and socio-economic ***,this paper recommends that evidence-based and integrated policies and strategies be urgently deployed to foster a more effective and rapid transition towards clean energy,which is critical to achieving SDG 7.

关键词： solid fuel clean energy SDG urban rural household

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Electrical Studies on Pentacene Thin Film Transistors with Different Channel Widths

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Chinese Physics Letters 2010年第4期27卷 234-237页

作者： Jaya lohani Manoj Gaur Upendra Kumar V. R. Balakrishnan Harsh S. V. Eswaran Solid State Physics Laboratory Lucknow Road Delhi-110054 India St. Stephen's College University of Delhi Delhi- 110007 India

In order to conduct electrical studies on organic thin film transistors, top-contact devices are fabricated by growing polycrystalline films of freshly synthesized pentacene over Si/SiO2 substrates with two different channel widths under identical conditions. Reasonable field effect mobilities in order of 10^-2-10^-3 cm^2V^-1s^-1 are obtained in these devices. An elaborative electrical characterization of all the devices is undertaken to study the variance in output saturation current, field effect mobility, and leakage current with aging under ambient conditions. As compared to the devices with longer channel width, the devices with shorter channel width exhibit better electrical performance initially. However, the former devices sustain the moderate performance much longer than the latter ones.

关键词： Electronics and devices Semiconductors

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Holistic approach of GIS based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis(MCDA) and WetSpass models to evaluate groundwater potential in Gelana watershed of Ethiopia

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2022年第2期10卷 138-152页

作者： Wondesen Fikade Niway Dagnachew Daniel Molla Tarun Kumar lohani Faculty of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Arba Minch Water Technology InstituteArba Minch UniversityEthiopia Faculty of Meteorology and Hydrology Arba Minch Water Technology InstituteArba Minch UniversityEthiopia

Appropriate quantification and identification of the groundwater distribution in a hydrological basin may provide necessary information for effective management,planning and development of groundwater *** potential assessment and delineation in a highly heterogeneous environment with limited Spatiotemporal data derived from Gelana watershed of Abaya Chamo lake basin is performed,using integrated multi-criteria decision analysis(MCDA),water and energy transfer between soil and plant and atmosphere under quasi-steady state(WetSpass)*** outputs of the WetSpass model reveal a favorable structure of water balance in the basin studied,mainly using surface *** simulated total flow and groundwater recharge are validated using river measurements and estimated baseflow at two gauging stations located in the study area,which yields a good *** WetSpass model effectively integrates a water balance assessment in a geographical information system(GIS)*** WetSpass model is shown to be computationally reputable for such a remote complex setting as the African rift,with a correlation coefficient of 0.99 and 0.99 for total flow and baseflow at a significant level of p-value<0.05,*** simulated annual water budget reveals that 77.22%of annual precipitation loses through evapotranspiration,of which 16.54%is lost via surface runoff while 6.24%is recharged to the *** calibrated groundwater recharge from the WetSpass model is then considered when determining the controlling factors of groundwater occurrence and formation,together with other multi-thematic layers such as lithology,geomorphology,lineament density and drainage *** selected five thematic layers through MCDA are incorporated by employing the analytical hierarchy process(AHP)method to identify the relative dominance in groundwater potential *** weighted factors in the AHP are procedurally aggregated,based on weighted linear combinations

关键词： Groundwater potential Gelana watershed WetSpass Thematic layers Multi-Criteria decision analysis Analytical hierarchy process

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Effects of moisture content and feed rate on milling characteristics of wild apricot pits (Prunus armeniaca L.)

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2014年第1期7卷 103-110页

作者： A.E.Kate U.C.lohani N.C.Shahi J.P.Pandey A.Sarkar Khan Chand Department of Post Harvest Process&Food Engineering College of TechnologyG.B.Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagarU.S.Nagar(Uttarakhand)-263145India Department of agricultural and Biological Engineering South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57006USA

Milling with decortication of wild apricot pits was done in wild apricot pit decorticator working on the principle of“impact and compression”.The milling characteristics includes decortication efficiency,percentage of husk,percentage of broken kernels and output capacity was evaluated at the different levels of moisture content,i.e.,8%,10%,12%,14%and 16%(w.b.)and feed rates,i.e.,12 g/stroke,14 g/stroke,16 g/stroke,18 g/stroke and 20 g/*** moisture content as well as feed rate significantly(P<0.05)affected the decortication efficiency,percentage of husk as well as brokens and output *** efficiency was initially increased and then decreased and opposite nature was found for the percentage of *** percentage of broken kernels and output capacity decreases with the increase in moisture content,while output capacity increases with the increase in feed rate and brokens decreases with the increase in feed rate of wild apricot pits.

关键词： wild apricot pit milling characteristics decortication efficiency moisture content husk percentage broken percentage output capacity

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Biological Parts for Engineering Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

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BioDesign Research 2022年第1期2022卷 395-435页

作者： Neeta lohani Mohan B.Singh Prem L.Bhalla Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

It is vital to ramp up crop production dramatically by 2050 due to the increasing global population and demand for ***, with the climate change projections showing that droughts and heatwaves becoming common in much of the globe,there is a severe threat of a sharp decline in crop yields. Thus, developing crop varieties with inbuilt genetic tolerance toenvironmental stresses is urgently needed. Selective breeding based on genetic diversity is not keeping up with the growingdemand for food and feed. However, the emergence of contemporary plant genetic engineering, genome-editing, and syntheticbiology offer precise tools for developing crops that can sustain productivity under stress conditions. Here, we summarize thesystems biology-level understanding of regulatory pathways involved in perception, signalling, and protective processesactivated in response to unfavourable environmental conditions. The potential role of noncoding RNAs in the regulation ofabiotic stress responses has also been highlighted. Further, examples of imparting abiotic stress tolerance by geneticengineering are discussed. Additionally, we provide perspectives on the rational design of abiotic stress tolerance throughsynthetic biology and list various bioparts that can be used to design synthetic gene circuits whose stress-protective functionscan be switched on/off in response to environmental cues.

关键词： protective crops precise

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