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Effects of Good Practices for Catch-Up Vaccinations: Assessment with a Quasi-Experimental Study in Democratic Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2019年第1期9卷 50-63页

作者： Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo alphonse kpozèhouen Collard Madika Colette Azandjèmè Chabi O. alphonse Biaou Aristide Aplogan Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin Ministry of Health Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Health Promotion Department Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin Agence de Médecine Préventive Abidjan Ivory Coast

Introduction: Despite the enormous resources deployed and the success achieved in vaccination, reducing the number of children who remain unvaccinated remains a major operational challenge in certain countries. In 2014, the Kalemie Expanded Program of Immunization outpost in the Democratic Republic of the Congo was faced with a high number of unvaccinated children. They instituted a “token” catch-up system based on a collaborative approach with community health workers. This study aims to document the effects of this strategy on vaccination coverage. Methods: This study was a comparative quasi-experimental test/control study. The “test” health area was Undugu where the catch-up strategy was implemented and the “control” health area was Kanunka. A vaccination coverage survey was conducted according to the WHO method in both health areas, examining children aged 12 to 23 months. The proportions were compared using a Pearson chi-square test and the odds ratios were estimated. Results: Vaccine coverage was significantly higher in the “test” health area for all the antigens. Full vaccination coverage was 69.4% in the “test” health area versus 31% in the “control” health area, with a 4.7 times greater chance of being fully vaccinated in the “test” health area (OR: 4.7;CI 95% [3.1 - 7.2];p = 0.0001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the value of a strategy that can increase access to vaccination and use of vaccination services, leading to a reduction in inequality in this area. However, this is linked to adapting the collaborative model on which it is based. This must be taken into consideration in plans to reproduce the findings.

关键词： Immunisation Programs Vaccination Coverage Community Participation Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

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Alcohol, Tobacco and Tramadol Daily Consumption and Road Traffic Crashes among Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Cotonou (Benin)

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2021年第4期11卷 433-445页

作者： Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh Akouété Nicolas Gaffan Charles Sossa-Jérôme alphonse kpozèhouen Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo Health and Environment Department Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin Multidisciplinary Research Unity for Road Crashes Prevention (ReMPARt) Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Department of Health Promotion Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Background: In Benin, motorcycle taxi drivers make up a significant portion of road transport. The use of psychoactive substances, a behavior recognized as being at risk of road crashes, is frequent in this group. This study aimed to analyze the association between the consumption of psychoactive substances and the occurrence of road crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 430 motorcycle taxi drivers selected from motorcycle taxi stands in Cotonou (Benin) using a two-stage cluster sampling technique. An interview with a structured questionnaire was used to collect data, which took place in March and April 2019. Alcohol, tramadol, and tobacco were the psychoactive substances considered in this study and their daily use was investigated. A binary logistic regression was used for the analysis. Results: Among the motorcycle taxi drivers surveyed, 27.79% (95% CI = 23.71 - 32.25) were involved in a road crash. The prevalence of psychoactive substances daily use was: 30.41% (95% CI = 26.17 - 35.00) for alcohol, 28.50% (95% CI = 24.37 - 33.02) for tramadol and 4.03% (95% CI = 2.51 - 6.42) for tobacco. Alcohol daily consumption (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI = 1.27 - 3.45, p = 0.004) was associated with a significant risk of road crashes. Conclusion: Interventions aiming to reduce psychoactive substances use should, therefore, be included in road safety policies, especially for this group.

关键词： Road Crash Psychoactive Agent Health at Work Benin

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Disability to Admit as a Change of Life after a Road Crash: Estimates and Related Factors in Benin for Prevention

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第1期13卷 83-96页

作者： Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo alphonse kpozèhouen Donatien Daddah Bella Hounkpè-Dos Santos Lamidhi Salami Moussiliou Noël Paraïso Multidisciplinary Research Unity for Road Crashes Prevention (ReMPARt) Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Regional Direction of Health Mono Lokossa Benin Regional Direction of Health Atlantic Abomey-Calavi Benin Policies and Health Systems Department Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin Department of Health Promotion Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Background: Disability is an underestimated issue in public health, with road crashes as leading cause. In Africa, motorcyclists disproportionately bear the burden of road crash injuries, including disability. To contribute to decision-making for disability prevention, this study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with disability at 12 months among motorcyclists involved in road crashes in Benin. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical study based on 12-month follow-up data from a cohort of road crash victims set up in five hospitals in Benin. Data were collected from November 2020 to January 2021. Sample used for this analysis size was 297 motorcyclists. Disability was assessed using the Washington Group on Disabilities Statistics question set. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for disability in victims 12 months after the crash. Results: The prevalence of disability was 12.5% 95% CI (9.2 - 16.7). Disability occurrence was associated with being over 45 years old (OR = 3.1;95% CI = 1.5 - 6.6), severity of initial injury (OR = 3.3;95% CI = 1.5 - 7.3) and hospitalisation of the victim (OR = 6.9;95% CI = 2.0 - 24). Conclusion: Age over 45 years, severity of initial injuries and hospitalisation of the victim were risk factors for the occurrence of disability among motorcyclists who were victims of road crashes in Benin. User awareness, law enforcement, holistic and early management of road crash victims could contribute to reducing the prevalence of disability among victims in Benin.

关键词： Disability Motorcyclists Road Traffic Accident

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Community workers contribution for data quality improvement in routine health information system: Live births number estimation by capture recapture method

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2014年第1期4卷 39-45页

作者： Yolaine Glèlè Ahanhanzo alphonse kpozèhouen Noel Moussiliou Paraiso Alain Levêque Michel Makoutodé Michèle Dramaix-Wilmet Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department Public Health Regional InstituteOuidahBenin Center of Research in Epidemiology Biostatistics and Clinical ResearchSchool of Public HealthUniversité Libre de BruxellesBrusselsBelgium Health Promotion Department Public Health Regional InstituteOuidahBenin Environment and Health Department Public Health Regional InstituteOuidahBenin

The lack of reliable vital statistics raises questions about the role of the health information system in acquiring such data, which are essential for planning health services and for the general management of the population’s needs. This study analyzed completeness of the vital data registration system and assessed the potential contribution of a community worker net-work to this system in rural Benin. The capture-recapture method was used in this interventional study to estimate the number of live births from three sources: the Routine Health Information System, the municipality, and community workers in two groups of villages. Log linear modelling was carried out with a Bayesian Information Criterion-weighted estimate of the number of live births. The exhaustiveness of the Routine Health Information System was improved by the contribution of the community workers from 29.3% to 42.5% in the first group, and from 61.7% to 77.5% in the second group. Estimating live births by the capture method in rural settings based on the contribution of community workers could be a more efficient alternative to censuses in acquiring reliable vital statistics.

关键词： Community Health Workers Health Information System Vital Statistics Capture-Recapture Method Benin

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Disability and Related Factors among Road Traffic Accident Victims in Benin: Study from Five Public and Faith-Based Hospitals in Urban and Suburban Areas

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2018年第4期8卷 226-241页

作者： Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo alphonse kpozèhouen Noel Moussiliou Paraiso Patrick Makoutodé Chabi O. alphonse Biaou Eric Remacle Edgard-Marius Ouendo Alain Levêque Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin Health Promotion Department Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin Policies and Health Systems Department Public Health Regional Institute Ouidah Benin Humanité Inclusion Brussels Belgium Center of Research in Epidemiology Biostatistics and Clinical Research School of Public Health Université Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium

Introduction: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major public health issue in developing countries, where roads tend to be built haphazardly and accidents take a heavy toll on victims—including leaving them disabled. This study seeks to identify those factors that cause RTA victims to become disabled as a result of their injuries. Methods: This retrospective community-based study looked at RTA victims treated in five public and faith-based hospitals in Benin. Disability was evaluated using the Washington Group on Disabilities Statistics questionnaire. The independent variables were related to the victim’s socio-demographic traits, the circumstances of the accident, and post-crash response mechanisms. The proportions were compared using the chi-squared test, with a threshold of 5%. Results: The prevalence of disability among road traffic accident victims is 9.59% (CI 95%: 6.86% - 13.20%). The occurrence of disability is associated with age (p = 0.002), occupational group (p = 0.0077), the mode of transport used to transfer the victim (p p = 0.0035). The study also found that people fail to make sufficient use of post-crash response mechanisms. Conclusion: Public policy-makers should therefore focus on stepping up interventions to get more people using both protective equipment and post-crash response services.

关键词： Traffic Accident Disabled Persons Risk Factors

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Is There an Association between the Type of Activities and Respiratory Disorders among e-Waste Workers? Case of Two Major Cities in West Africa

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2022年第2期10卷 78-90页

作者： Parfait Houngbégnon Marius Kêdoté Eloïc Atindégla Fadel Tanimomon alphonse kpozéhouen Jérôme Sossa Joaquin Darboux Edgard-Marius Ouendo Julius Fobil Institut Regional de Sante Publique Comlan Alfred Quenum University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Faculty of Health Sciences University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin Abomey-Calavi Bénin School of Public Health University of Ghana Accra Ghana

Background: Several studies have demonstrated that e-waste workers had a risk to develop the respiratory disorders but this was not specifically differentiated according to the type of the e-waste activities. The main aim of this study was to evaluate if the risk to develop respiratory disorders was different according to the type of activities carried out by the e-waste workers. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Abidjan and Cotonou, two big cities in West Africa. The participants were randomly selected based on the list of e-waste workers provided by the census of different sites of e-waste. The spirometry was performed on all the study participants to assess whether they had respiratory disorders. A regression logistic model was performed to estimate the risk of developing respiratory disorders according to the type of activities carried out by the e-waste workers. Results: In total 308 e-waste workers including 149 at Abidjan and 159 at Cotonou were interviewed. Participants of this study ranged in age from 14 years to 69 years and the mean age was 33.71 ± 10.96. The main activities carried out by the study participants were respectively repairing (44.8%), buying or selling (40.3%), dismantling (31.8%). The prevalence of respiratory disorders was 20.1%. The multivariate analysis had not found a significant association between the type of activities and the presence of respiratory disorders. Conclusion: The effect of exposure to e-waste on respiratory health of workers was not different according to the type of activities. So, any policy that aims to reduce the risk of exposure on respiratory health must take into account all the e-waste workers regardless of the type of activities they perform in this sector.

关键词： e-Waste Activities Respiratory Disorders West Africa

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Facial Expression Recognition with High Response-Based Local Directional Pattern (HR-LDP) Network

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第2期78卷 2067-2086页

作者： Sherly alphonse Harshit Verma School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennaiIndia

Although lots of research has been done in recognizing facial expressions,there is still a need to increase the accuracy of facial expression recognition,particularly under uncontrolled *** use of Local Directional Patterns(LDP),which has good characteristics for emotion detection has yielded encouraging *** innova-tive end-to-end learnable High Response-based Local Directional Pattern(HR-LDP)network for facial emotion recognition is implemented by employing fixed convolutional filters in the proposed *** combining learnable convolutional layers with fixed-parameter HR-LDP layers made up of eight Kirsch filters and derivable simulated gate functions,this network considerably minimizes the number of network *** cost of the parameters in our fully linked layers is up to 64 times lesser than those in currently used deep learning-based detection *** seven well-known databases,including JAFFE,CK+,MMI,SFEW,OULU-CASIA and MUG,the recognition rates for seven-class facial expression recognition are 99.36%,99.2%,97.8%,60.4%,91.1%and 90.1%,*** results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed work over cutting-edge techniques.

关键词： Emotion classification CNN network HR-LDP

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Prediction of Bandwidth of Metamaterial Antenna Using Pearson Kernel-Based Techniques

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3449-3467页

作者： Sherly alphonse S.Abinaya Sourabh Paul School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of TechnologyChennai600127India

The use of metamaterial enhances the performance of a specific class of antennas known as metamaterial *** radiation cost and quality factor of the antenna are influenced by the size of the *** antennas allow for the circumvention of the bandwidth restriction for small *** parameters have recently been predicted using machine learning algorithms in existing *** learning can take the place of the manual process of experimenting to find the ideal simulated antenna *** accuracy of the prediction will be primarily dependent on the model that is *** this paper,a novel method for forecasting the bandwidth of the metamaterial antenna is proposed,based on using the Pearson Kernel as a standard *** with these new approaches,this paper suggests a unique hypersphere-based normalization to normalize the values of the dataset attributes and a dimensionality reduction method based on the Pearson kernel to reduce the dimension.A novel algorithm for optimizing the parameters of Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)based on improved Bat Algorithm-based Optimization with Pearson Mutation(BAO-PM)is also presented in this *** prediction results of the proposed work are better when compared to the existing models in the literature.

关键词： Antenna pearson optimization bandwidth metamaterial

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Alcohol, Tobacco and Tramadol Daily Consumption and Road Traffic Crashes among Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Cotonou (Benin)

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Open Journal of Epidemiology（流行病学期刊） 2021年第4期

作者： Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh Akouété Nicolas Gaffan CharlesSossa-Jérôme alphonse kpozèhouen Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo

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Disability to Admit as a Change of Life after a Road Crash:Estimates and Related Factors in Benin for Prevention

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Open Journal of Epidemiology（流行病学期刊） 2023年第1期

作者： Yolaine Glèlè-Ahanhanzo alphonse kpozèhouen Donatien Daddah Bella Hounkpè-Dos Santos Lamidhi Salami Moussiliou Noël Paraïso

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