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International Recommendations on Calculation of Absorbed Dose in Biota:A Comprehensive Revue

Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第9期5卷 751-759页

作者： Wagner de S.Pereira alphonse kelecom Multidisciplinary Group of Radio Protection(GMR) Servico de RadioprotecaoUnidade de Tratamento de MinerioIndustrias Nucleares do BrasilCaldasBrazil Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiometry Pedro Lopes dos Santos(LARARA-PLS) Group of Environmental Themes Assessment(GETA)Universidade Federal Fluminense(UFF)NiteroiBrazil

Since the early times, radioprotection has been focused on the human being. Currently this approach has changed, being now also necessary to take care of the protection of the environment from unwanted effects of ionizing radiation. To this end, several institutions (UNSCEAR, ICRP, IAEA, DOE, ACRP) and consortia of institutions (FASSET, ERICA) have established procedures in order to protect the biota of such effects. Developed procedures are based on the calculation of the absorbed dose in biota (ICRP, DOE, IAEA), or on environmental risk assessment―ERA (DOE, ACRP, FASSET, ERICA);but even in this latter approach the parameters used are related to the absorbed doses in biota. The calculation of dose is the standard procedure in human radioprotection, and this points such an approach as the most interesting for providing a convergence between human and nonhuman (= biota) radioprotections. On the other hand, the ERA approach is easier to apply, because this methodology is used in several countries for non-radioactive contamination assessments. Since the world radioprotection system follows a number of institutions (UNSCEAR, ICRP, IAEA and regulatory institutions of member countries) that use dose calculation, this appears to be the way for biota radioprotection. We here review and comment the evolution of the concepts and approaches of the recommendations for radioprotection of non-human biota.

关键词： Biota Absorbed Dose Radioprotection International Recommendations

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Continuing Education in Radiation Protection in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle： The Case of Brazil Education and Training in the Uranium Production Cycle

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材料科学与工程（中英文B版） 2015年第5期5卷 243-247页

作者： Wagner de Souza Pereira alphonse kelecom Cleber Jabarra da Silva Master degree Course in Environmental Science Universidade Veiga de Almeida - UVA Rua lbituruna 108 Tijuca 20271-021 Rio de Janeiro R J Brazil Multidisciplinary Group ofRadioprotection (GMR) Ind~strias Nucleares do Brasil Resende 27580-970 POB:83632 Brazil Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiometry Pedro Lopes dos Santos (LARARA-PLS) Group of Environmental Themes Assessment (GETA) Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF) Niteroi 24001-970 POB: 100.4 36 Brazil ALARA Radioprotecao Rua Madre Maria Victoria 90sala 601 Charitas Niteroi 22370-035 R J Brasil

The INB (Brazilian nuclear industries) act on the nuclear fuel cycle, from uranium mining to fuel production. In order to maintain and improve the security of the operations and the competence of the staff, continuing education and training in radiation protection cannot be neglected. This paper describes the pedagogical concept of the training in radiation protection conducted in three uranium production units: the Uranium Concentration Unit at Caetité (URA), state of Bahia, the Ore Treatment Unit (UTM), at Po?os de Caldas, state of Minas Gerais and the Unit of Heavy Minerals at Buena (UMP), state of Rio de Janeiro. It also describes a pilot training performed in 2004. The groups of workers to be trained are here characterized, as well as the profile of the trainers, the level and kind of trainings and their frequency. At the end of training, workers were subjected to a test and a grade was awarded. At URA 79 workers were trained during 9 h, the grades they obtained ranged from 7.5 to 10. At UTM; 200 workers were trained, their grades ranged from 8.8 to 10; Finally, at UMP 151 workers were trained, their grades ranged from 8.6 to 9.0. Thus a total of 180 h for 430 employees was spent training, no one flunked. Currently, the general training has been abolished since it hindered production, and the option is now to train small groups of workers when they join their Units, and also all along the year were in small classes.

关键词：核燃料循环铀矿开采继续教育辐射防护生产周期训练巴西浓度单位

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Analysis of Radium Isotopes in Surface Waters nearby a Phosphate Mining with NORM at Santa Quiteria,Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2014年第3期5卷 193-199页

作者： Wagner de S.Pereira alphonse kelecom Juliana R.de S.Pereira Multidisciplinary Group of Radioprotection(GMR) Servico de RadioprotecaoUnidade de Tratamento de MinerioIndustrias Nucleares do BrasilCaldasBrazil Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiometry Pedro Lopes dos Santos(LARARA-PLS) Group of Environmental Themes Assessment(GETA)Universidade Federal Fluminense(UFF)NiteroiBrazil Interdisciplinary Under-Graduation in Science and Technology Universidade Federal de AlfenasPocos de CaldasBrazil

The radium isotopes 226Ra and 228Ra were analyzed in surface water at six points in the neighborhood of a mine of phosphate, associated with uranium, in the region of Santa Quitéria, state of Ceará, Brazil. Water samples were collected during twenty months, filtered and the concentrations of activity determined in the soluble and particulate phases. The results were analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for ordination of environmental data, and also by ANOVA, Tukey and Z tests to compare sets of data considering the radionuclides, the two analyzed phases and the six collecting points. The PCA identified four groups that included all collecting points, using aggregation features such as radionuclide and analyzed phase. The first group is composed by the samples of 226Ra in the soluble phase;the second group by samples of 226Ra in the particulate phase;the third one by 228Ra in the soluble phase, and finally, the fourth group by 228Ra in the particulate phase. This last group has two discrepant points (01 and 06). Statistical analysis identified differences between the concentrations of activity of radionuclides (228Ra higher than 226Ra) and in analyzed phases (soluble phase higher than the particulate one) but showed no differences between sampled points.

关键词： Radioecology Environmental Radioprotection NORM Mining Radium Isotopes PCA

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Release of Uranium by an Ore Treatment Unit at Caldas,MG,Brazil

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第6期4卷 570-574页

作者： Wagner de S.Pereira alphonse kelecom Juliana R.de S.Pereira Delcy de A.Py Junior Multidisciplinary Group of Radioprotection(GMR) Servico de RadioprotecaoUnidade de Tratamento de MinerioIndustrias Nu-cleares do BrasilCaldasBrazil Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiometry Pedro Lopes dos Santos(LARARA-PLS) Group of Environmental Themes Assessment(GETA)Universidade Federal Fluminense(UFF)NiteroiBrazil Interdisciplinary under Graduation in Science and Technology Universidade Federal de AlfenasPocos de CaldasBrazil

This study aims to assess the behavior of the release of Unat (i.e. uranium isotopes in natural relative abundance) from the release of water treated by the Ore Treatment Unit (UTM) in Caldas, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, during the years 1999 to 2009. During this period, the unit showed no industrial activity, except between 2004 and 2005, when UTM operated 400 tons of monazite in a process to obtain rare earths. Unat was analyzed by spectrophotometry once per week in the effluent waters at sampling point 014. Two fractions were considered for analysis: the soluble one (that passes through a 0.45 μm filter) and the particulate one (retained on a 0.45 μm filter). Statistical analyses were performed: the “Z” test and Pearson’s r2 correlation index. The values for the soluble fraction were consistently lower than those of the particulate fraction and no statistically significant correlation was observed between the soluble and particulate fractions. However, the particulate and the total fractions (the sum of soluble and particulate) strongly correlated.

关键词： Uranium Ore Treatment Unit Caldas Radionuclide Monitoring

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