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A Phenomenological Gradient Approach to Generalized Constitutive Equations for Isotropic Fluids

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2018年第7期6卷 1494-1506页

作者： Alejandro salcido Programa de Sustentabilidad Ambiental Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energías Limpias Cuernavaca México

An extension of the linear irreversible thermodynamics is proposed through the inclusion of the first gradients of velocity and of the classical local state parameters as additional independent variables in the fundamental energy state equation of a fluid system. We show that consistency of this hypothesis with the energy balance equation leads to generalized nonlinear constitutive equations, which we discuss in terms of an isotropic non-Newtonian viscous fluid.

关键词： Non-Local Thermodynamics Non-Newtonian Viscous Fluids Generalized Constitutive Equations

Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir + dasabuvir +/-ribavirin in real world hepatitis C patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第18期25卷 2229-2239页

作者： Nicole Loo Eric Lawitz Naim Alkhouri Jennifer Wells Carmen Landaverde Angie Coste Rossalynn salcido Michael Scott Fred Poordad Academic and Clinical Affairs Texas Liver Institute

BACKGROUND The hepatitis C virus(HCV) NS5A inhibitor ABT-267(ombitasvir, OBV), the HCV NS4/4A protease inhibitor ABT-450(paritaprevir, PTV), the CYP3A inhibitor ritonavir(r) and the non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitor ABT-333(dasabuvir, DSV)(OBV/PTV/r + DSV) with or without ribavirin(RBV) is a direct-acting antiviral regimen approved in the United States and other major countries for the treatment of HCV in genotype 1(GT1) infected patients. Patients with HCV who are considered "hard-to-cure" have generally been excluded from registration trials due to rigorous study inclusion criteria, presence of comorbidities and previous treatment *** To investigate the efficacy of this regimen in HCV G1-infected patients historically excluded from clinical *** Patients were ≥ 18 years old and chronically infected with HCV GT1(GT1a, GT1b or GT1a/1b). Patients were treatment-na?ve or previously failed a regimen including pegylated interferon/RBV +/-telaprevir, boceprevir, or *** hundred patients were treated with the study drug regimen, which was administered for 12 or 24 wk +/-RBV according to GT1 subtype and presence/absence of cirrhosis. Patients were evaluated every 4 wk from treatment day 1 and at 4 and 12 wk after *** Many of the patients studied had comorbidities(44.2% hypertensive, 33.7%obese, 20.2% cirrhotic) and 16% previously failed HCV treatment. Ninety-six patients completed study follow-up and 99% achieved 12-wk sustained virologic response. The majority(88.4%) of patients had undetectable HCV RNA by week 4. The most common adverse events were fatigue(12%), headache(10%),insomnia(9%) and diarrhea(8%); none led to treatment discontinuation. Physical and mental patient reported outcomes scores significantly improved after treatment. Almost all(98%) patients were treatment *** In an all-comers HCV GT1 population, 12 or 24-wk of OBV/PTV/r + DSV +/-RBV is highly effective and tolerable and results

关键词： Hepatitis C Ombitasvir Paritaprevir Ritonavir Dasabuvir Genotype 1

Liver Damage by the Interaction of Malathion with Cimetidine in Rat

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Journal of Life Sciences 2013年第10期7卷 1053-1056页

作者： Alba Delia Campafia salcido Anthon ,Alvarez Arredondo Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Medicine Center of Research and Teaching in Health Sciences (C1DOCS)Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacdn Sin 80030 Mexico

In this study the authors aimed to evaluate the oxidative stress enzymes indicative of liver damage in rats exposed to malathion （M）, subchronic form using cimetidine （C） and cimetidine plus malathion （M ＋ C）. Malathion, widely used organophosphorus insecticide worldwide, induces oxidative liver damage type; cimetidine is an antagonist of histamine H2-receptor, it has been shown to be an inhibitor of various CYP45o isoforms. Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were studied, exposed to malathion orally for 3 weeks （0.15 mg/kg/day, 2 mg/kg/day, 15 mg/kg/day） and cimetidine 10 mg/kg/day. Malathion plus cimetidine affect susceptibility to oxidative stress and possibly modifies the antioxidant defense capacity directly or indirectly.

关键词： Malathion cimetidine lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde ALT.

Air Pollutant Emissions in the Fukui-Ishibashi and Nagel-Schreckenberg Traffic Cellular Automata

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2017年第11期5卷 2140-2161页

作者： Alejandro salcido Susana Carreón-Sierra Programa de Sustentabilidad Ambiental Instituto Nacional de Electricidad y Energías Limpias Cuernavaca Mexico

Vehicular traffic is a hard problem in big cities. Internal combustion vehicles are the main fossil fuel consumers and frame the main source of urban air pollutants, such as particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds. Vehicular traffic is also a promoter of climate change due to its greenhouse gas emissions, such as CO and CO2. Awareness of the spatiotemporal distribution of urban traffic, including the velocity distribution, allows knowing the spatiotemporal distribution of the air pollutant vehicular emissions required to understand urban air pollution. Although no well-established traffic theory exists, some models and approaches, like cellular automata, have been proposed to study the main aspects of this phenomenon. In this paper, a simple approach for estimating the space-time distribution of the air pollutant emission rates in traffic cellular automata is proposed. It is discussed with the Fukui-Ishibashi (FI) and Nagel-Schreckenberg (NS) models for traffic flow of identical vehicles in a single lane. We obtained the steady-state emission rates of the FI and NS models, being larger those produced by the first one, with relative differences of up to 45% in hydrocarbons, 56% in carbon monoxide, and 77% in nitrogen oxides.

关键词： Cellular Automata Mobile Source Emissions Traffic Emission Rates Traffic Models Fukui-Ishibashi Nagel-Schreckenberg

Biomarkers and a tailored approach for immune monitoring in kidney transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2017年第6期7卷 276-284页

作者： Francisco salcido-Ochoa John Carson Allen Jr Tregs and HLA Research Force Francisco Kidney and Medical CentreMount Elizabeth Novena Hospital Centre for Quantitative Medicine Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School

A literature review on immune monitoring in kidney transplantation produced dozens of research articles and a multitude of promising biomarkers,all in the quest for the much sought after-but perennially elusive-"holy grail" of kidney biomarkers able to unequivocally predict acute transplant rejection vs *** methodologies and study designs were many and *** the motivation for this editorial,which espouses the notion that in today's kidney transplantation milieu,the judicious use of disease classifiers tailored to specific patient immune risks may be more achievable and productive in the long run and confer a greater advantage for patient treatment than the pursuit of a single "omniscient" *** addition,we desire to direct attention toward greater scrutiny of biomarker publications and decisions to implement biomarkers in practice,standardization of methods in the development of biomarkers and consideration for adoption of "biomarker-driven" *** propose "biomarkerdriven" biopsies as an adjunctive to and/or alternative to random surveillance(protocol) biopsies or belated indication *** discovery of a single kidney transplantation biomarker would represent a major breakthrough in kidney transplantation practice,but until that occurs-if ever it does occur,other approaches offer substantial potential for unlocking prognostic,diagnostic and therapeutic *** conclude our editorial with suggestions and recommendations for productively incorporating current biomarkers into diagnostic algorithms and for testing future biomarkers of acute rejection in kidney transplantation.

关键词： Acute rejection Banff classification Biomarker Human leukocyte antigen matching Immune monitoring Immunological risk Kidney transplantation Protocol biopsy

Celecoxib enhances the detoxification of diethylnitrosamine in rat liver cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第19期15卷 2345-2350页

作者： martha Estela salcido-Neyoy Adolfo Sierra-Santoyo Olga Beltrán-Ramírez José Roberto Macías-Pérez Saúl Villa-Trevio Department of Cell Biology Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Politechnic InstituteMexicoDFCP 07360México External Section of Toxicology Center of Research and Advanced Studies of the National Politechnic InstituteMexicoDFCP 07360México

AIM： To study the effect of celecoxib （CXB） on diethylnitrosamine activation through the regulation of cytochrome P450 in a hepatocarcinogenesis ***： Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups, a non-treated group （NT）, a diethylnitrosamine-treated group （DEN）, a DEN＋CXB-treated group （DEN＋CXB）,and CXB 8 d-treated and CXB 32 d-treated groups. The effects of celecoxib on the enzymatic activities of CYP1A1, 2A, 2B1/2, and 2E1 were assessed in hepatic microsomes 24 h after DEN *** in CYPIA1 and CYP2B1/2 protein expression were also evaluated. The rate of DEN metabolism was measured by the production of the deethylation metabolite acetaldehyde, and the denitrosation metabolite ***： DEN＋CXB administration produced a significant increase in the enzymatic activities ofCYP2B1/2 and 1A1, whereas it did not change the activities of CYP2A and 2E1, compared to that of the DEN group. CXB treatment for eight days did not produce a significant effect on enzymatic activity when compared to the NT group; however, when it was administered for prolonged times （CXB 32 d group）,the enzymatic activities were increased in a similar pattern to those in the DEN＋CXB group. The observed increase in the enzymatic activities in the DEN＋CXB group was accompanied by an increase in the CYP2B1/2 protein levels; no changes were observed in the levels of CYPIA1. In vitro, CXB increased the denitrosation of DEN, a pathway of metabolic detoxification. The addition of SKF-525A, a preferential inhibitor of CYP2B, abrogated the denitrosation of ***： These results suggest that the mechanism of action of CXB involves enhancement of the detoxification of DEN by an increasing denitrosation via CYP2B1/2.

关键词： Hepatocarcinogenesis Chemoprevention Diebhylnitrosamine Denitrosation Celecoxib CytochromesP450

Short-Term Intra Ocular Pressure Using Intravitreal Bevacizumab

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2016年第12期4卷 692-696页

作者： Yolanda Chaivez-Romero Alba Delia Campana-salcido Efrain Romo-Garcia Jose AlfredoContreras-Gutierrez Anthon Avarez-Arredondo Ophthalmology Department Civil Hospital of Culiacam (HCC) Culiacan 80030 Mexico Center of Research and Teaching in Health Sciences (CIDOCS) Culiacan 80030 Mexico Faculty of Medicine Autonomous University of Sinaloa Culiacan 80019 Mexico Academic Group UAS CA-285 Culiacan 80030 Mexico High Specialty in Retina and Vitreous Civil Hospital of Culiacan (HCC) Culiacan 80030 Mexico

At Ophthalmology Department of Civil Hospital of Culiacan, we investigated the inmediate effect of intravitreal injection of Bevacizumab on the IOP （intra ocular pressure） 30 min before and 24 h was measured after application of 0.1 mL of Bevacizumab （Avastin） to 67 patients under sterile technique in operating room, with topical anesthetic tetracaine at 3.5 mm from the sclerocomeal junction. Pre-application average IOP was 13.5 ± 2.6 mmHg, and post-implementation IOP was 13.8 ± 2.6 mmHg. Diagnostics： PDR ＋ MESC （proliferative diabetic retinopathy with macular edema significant clinically） in 26 patients （38.8%）, NPDRSC （nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy significant clinical） in 14 patients （20.9%）, wet AMD （age related macular degeneration） in 14 patients （20.9%）, OCRV （occlusion central retinal vein） in 3 patients （4.5%）, OBRV （occlusion of branch retinal vein） in 3 patients （4.5%）, SCChR （serous central chorioretinopathy） in 2 patients （4.5%）, ChNnoA-R （choroidal neovasculaxization no age related） in 2 patients （3%）, CME （cystoid macular edema） in 2 patients （3%）.

关键词： Bevacizumab intra ocular pressure anti-VEGF PDR macular edema.

Potential Ecosystem Level Effects of a Shrimp Trawling Fishery in La Paz Bay, Mexico

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Open Journal of Marine Science 2012年第3期2卷 85-89页

作者： Luís Antonio salcido-Guevara Pablo del Monte-Luna Francisco Arreguín-Sánchez Víctor Hugo Cruz-Escalona Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas del IPN Apartado Postal La Paz México

The shrimp trawling fishery is the most important one in Mexico in value terms and given its putative environmental, societal and economical implications, it is also the most difficult to manage. Although this fishery was restricted from national bays and estuaries since the 1970’s, local fisheries cooperatives recently claimed access to shrimp stocks within La Paz Bay by using an artisanal fleet and a low impact trawling net. This study is aiming at simulating some ecosystem level effects of such a potential fishing effort release. We explored the response of three ecosystem indicators under two different exploitation scenarios: 30% and 80% of shrimp biomass removal. The indicators were: relative ecosystem biomass distribution as function of trophic level, trophic replacement and interaction strength, all computed from the outputs of a mass balance dynamic model (Ecopath with Ecosim) of this ecosystem. Our results suggest that moderate fishing scenario (30%) would not cause major changes in either indicator whilst the scenario of strong fishing pressure (80%) seems to increase not only the fish resources variability at the population level but also the variability of the overall biomass, hence potentially reducing ecosystem stability.

关键词： Gulf of California Shrimp Trawling Ecosystem Impact

Histopathological analysis of infiltrating T cell subsets in acute T cell-mediated rejection in the kidney transplant

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World Journal of Transplantation 2017年第4期7卷 222-234页

作者： Francisco salcido-Ochoa Susan Swee-Shan Hue Siyu Peng Zhaoxiang Fan Reiko Lixiang Li Jabed Iqbal John Carson Allen Jr Alwin Hwai Liang Loh Tregs and HLA Research Force and Renal Medicine Department Singapore General Hospital Tregs and HLA Research Force and Department of Pathology National University Hospital Tregs and HLA Research Force and Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Department of Pathology Singapore General Hospital Centre for Quantitative Medicine Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School

AIM To compare the differential immune T cell subset com-position in patients with acute T cell-mediated rejection in the kidney transplant with subset composition in the absence of rejection, and to explore the association of their respective immune profiles with kidney transplant *** A pilot cross-sectional histopathological analysis of the immune infiltrate was performed using immunohistochemistry in a cohort of 14 patients with acute T cellmediated rejection in the kidney transplant and 7 kidney transplant patients with no rejection subjected to biopsy to investigate acute kidney transplant dysfunction. All patients were recruited consecutively from 2012 to 2014 at the Singapore General Hospital. Association of the immune infiltrates with kidney transplant outcomes at up to 54 mo of follow up was also explored *** In a comparison to the absence of rejection, acute T cell-mediated rejection in the kidney transplant was characterised by numerical dominance of cytotoxic T lymphocytes over Foxp3^+ regulatory T cells, but did not reach statistical significance owing to the small sample size in our pilot study. There was no obvious difference in absolute numbers of infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes, Foxp3^+ regulatory T cells and Th17 cells between the two patient groups when quantified separately. Our exploratory analysis on associations of T cell subset quantifications with kidney transplant outcomes revealed that the degree of Th17 cell infiltration was significantly associated with shorter time to doubling of creatinine and shorter time to transplant *** Although this was a small pilot study, results support our suspicion that in kidney transplant patients the immune balance in acute T cell-mediated rejection is tilted towards the pro-rejection forces and prompt larger and more sophisticated studies.

关键词： Acute T cell-mediated rejection in the kidney transplant Banff classification Cytotoxic T cell Regulatory T cell Th17 cell