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Role of Pathogen-Related Protein 10 (PR 10) under Abiotic and Biotic Stresses in Plants

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第2期89卷 167-182页

作者： Rakesh kumar Sinha Shiv Shankar verma Anshu Rastogi Department of Plant Biophysics&Biochemistry Biology Center of the Czech Academy of SciencesInstitute of PlantMolecular BiologyCeskeBudejovice37005Czech Republic School of Medicine Case Western Reserve UniversityCleveland44106USA Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Laboratory of BioclimatologyPoznan University of Life SciencesPoznan60-649Poland

Members of the Pathogenesis Related(PR)10 protein family have been identified in a variety of plant species and a wide range of functions ranging from defense to growth and development has been attributed to ***10 protein possesses ribonuclease(RNase)activity,interacts with phytohormones,involved in hormone-mediated signalling,afforded protection against various phytopathogenic fungi,bacteria,and viruses particularly in response to biotic and abiotic *** resistance mechanism of PR10 protein may include activation of defense signalling pathways through possible interacting proteins involved in mediating responses to pathogens,degradation of RNA of the invading ***,several morphological changes have been shown to accompany the enhanced abiotic stress *** this review,the possible mechanism of action of PR10 protein against biotic and abiotic stress has been ***,our findings also confirmed that the in vivo Nitric oxide(NO)is essential for most of environmental abiotic stresses and disease resistance against pathogen *** proper level of NO may be necessary and beneficial,not only in plant response to the environmental abiotic stress,but also to biotic *** updated information on this interesting group of proteins will be useful in future research to develop multiple stress tolerance in plants.

关键词： Pathogenesis-related(PR) PR10 abiotic stress biotic stress ribonuclease stress tolerance nitric oxide

Surviving the odds: From perception to survival of fungal phytopathogens under host-generated oxidative burst

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Plant Communications 2021年第3期2卷 38-54页

作者： Yeshveer Singh Athira Mohandas Nair Praveen kumar verma Plant Immunity Laboratory National Institute of Plant Genome ResearchAruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi 110067India School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew Delhi 110067India

Fungal phytopathogens pose a serious threat to global crop *** a handful of strategies are available to combat these fungal infections,and the increasing incidence of fungicide resistance is making the situation ***,the molecular understanding of plant–fungus interactions remains a primary focus of plant *** of the hallmarks of host–pathogen interactions is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species(ROS)as a plant defense mechanism,collectively termed the oxidative *** general,high accumulation of ROS restricts the growth of pathogenic organisms by causing localized cell death around the site of *** survive the oxidative burst and achieve successful host colonization,fungal phytopathogens employ intricate mechanisms for ROS perception,ROS neutralization,and protection from ROS-mediated ***,these countermeasures maintain the physiological redox homeostasis that is essential for cell *** addition to intracellular antioxidant systems,phytopathogenic fungi also deploy interesting effector-mediated mechanisms for extracellular ROS *** aspect of plant–pathogen interactions is significantly under-studied and provides enormous scope for future *** adaptive responses,broadly categorized into“escape”and“exploitation”mechanisms,are poorly *** this review,we discuss the oxidative stress response of filamentous fungi,their perception signaling,and recent insights that provide a comprehensive understanding of the distinct survival mechanisms of fungal pathogens in response to the host-generated oxidative burst.

关键词： reactive oxygen species(ROS) oxidative stress response fungal effectors stress signaling plant-pathogen interactions

A Novel RGL2-DOF6 Complex Contributes to Primary Seed Dormancy in Arabidopsis thaliana by Regulating a GATA Transcription Factor

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Molecular Plant 2017年第10期10卷 1307-1320页

作者： Pratibha Ravindran Vivek verma Petra Stamm Prakash P. kumar Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science National University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore present address: Department of Biosciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK

The DELLA protein RGA-LIKE2 （RGL2） is a key transcriptional repressor of gibberellic acid （GA） signaling that regulates seed germination. We identified GATA12, a gene encoding a GATA-type zinc finger transcription factor, as one of the downstream targets of RGL2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our data show that freshly harvested （unstratified） seeds of GATA 12 antisense suppression lines have reduced dormancy compared with the wild-type, while ectopic expression lines show enhanced seed dormancy. We show that GATA12 expression is negatively regulated by GA, and its transcript levels decline dramatically under dormancy- breaking conditions such as dry storage and cold stratification of seeds. GATA12 promoter has several GAMYB- and DOF-associated motifs that are known to be GA- and RGL2-responsive, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that a protein complex containing RGL2 can bind to GATA12 promoter and thereby regulate its expression. RGL2 lacks a DNA binding domain and requires a transcription factor to induce GATA12 expression. Our data show that this RGL2-containing protein complex includes DNA BINDING1 ZINC FINGER6 （DOF6）, which is a known negative regulator of germination in freshly harvested seeds. We further show that this novel RGL2-DOF6 complex is required for activating GATA12 expression, thus revealing a molecular mechanism to enforce primary seed dormancy.

关键词： seed germination primary dormancy DELLA RGL2 DOF6 gibberellin

Strategies to mitigate the adverse effect of drought stress on crop plants-influences of soil bacteria:A review

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Pedosphere 2021年第3期31卷 496-509页

作者： Priyanka CHANDRA Amoolya WUNNAVA Pooja verma Amaresh CHANDRA Rakesh kumar SHARMA Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR) Central Soil Salinity Research InstituteKarnalHaryana 132001India Department of Biosciences Manipal University JaipurRajasthanJaipur 303007India Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR) Indian Institute of Sugarcane ResearchUttar PradeshLucknow 226002India

Drought stress affects plant growth and causes significant issues in meeting global demand for food crops and *** can cause physiological,physicochemical,and morphological changes in plants,which negatively affects plant growth and *** combat this under the increasing global threat of water shortage and rapid population expansion,it is crucial to develop strategies to meet global food *** growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)may provide a safe solution to enhancing crop yields through various *** soil bacteria can provide drought tolerance to crop plants,allowing them to survive and thrive in water-scarce *** of phytohormones,free radical-scavenging enzymes,and stress-combating enzymes that can increase tolerance to drought-induced stress are key features of plant-associated microbial *** review summarizes the beneficial properties of microbes that help plants tolerate water scarcity and highlights the bacterial mechanisms that enhance drought tolerance in plants.

关键词： abiotic stress agricultural yield drought tolerance food crops microbe PGPR rhizobactoria water deficit

Dielectric behavior of CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12) electro-ceramic doped with La,Mn and Ni synthesized by modified citrate-gel route

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2013年第2期2卷 119-127页

作者： Laxman SINGH U.S.RAI alok kumar RAI K.D.MANDAL Department of Chemistry Centre of Advanced StudyFaculty of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005U.P.India Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chonnam National University300 Yongbong-dongBukguGwangju 500-757Republic of Korea Department of Applied Chemistry Indian Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005U.P.India

The effect of La^(3+),Mn^(2+)and Ni^(2+)doped calcium copper titanate,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO),at higher concentrations(CR1 and CR2 with 5 mol%and 10 mol%,respectively),has been examined by semi-wet route at relatively lower *** semi-wet route employs citrate-nitrate gel chemical method using TiO_(2) solid powders.X-ray diffraction(XRD)analysis confirms the formation of single phase in the doped samples sintered at 900℃for 8 *** electron micrographs(SEM)show that the average grain size for CR2 is larger than that of CR1 *** energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX)is used to study the percentage compositions of different ions present in both *** constant(εr)and dielectric loss(tanδ)values of CR1 are comparatively higher than those of CR2 ceramic at all measured frequencies and *** nature of temperature-dependent relaxation behavior of the ceramics is also studied by impedance,modulus spectroscopic analysis and confirms Maxwell-Wagner relaxation.

关键词： oxide materials chemical synthesis dielectric properties grain boundaries X-ray diffraction(XRD)

Bio-effects of 5th generation electromagnetic waves on organs of human beings

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Global Health Journal 2023年第4期7卷 206-211页

作者： Amit verma Vijay kumar Shipra Gupta Graphic Era Hill University DehardunUttrakhand 248001India

Objectives:The uses of devices of electromagnetic waves(EMWs)are increasing day by ***,the generation of the waves is *** frequency spectrum of the generation of waves is also *** this manuscript,an analysis of the high frequency EMWs has been made by the electric fields generated due to the exposure of 5th generation(5 G)of mobile ***:Due to the emission of waves from the towers,the electric field is generated around the transmission tower of mobile *** electric fields are computed by the power of the transmission *** electric fields across the biological tissues/cells are also computed when the EMWs penetrate inside the *** electric fields are made across the organs of different depths inside the ***:The induced electric fields inside the organs of the human beings are responsible for the absorption of energy from high frequency *** absorbed amount of energy from high frequency waves may become the cause of harmful effects on the life of organs of human ***:In this manuscript,after analysis of the computed electric fields inside the organs of human beings,it is concluded that the EMWs of 5 G spectrum of mobile phone towers may more harmful for the life of organs as 4th generation(4 G)spectrum of mobile phone *** energy absorption by the 4 G spectrum is lower than 5 G spectrum due to the range of frequency of *** effects on the pancreas,retina,skin,intestine,spleen,stomach and uterus are more than low water content organs like nails,bone,teeth etc.

关键词： Fifth generation Electromagneticwaves Mobile phonetowers Bio-effects Human beings tissues Organs

Magnitude and Determinants of Mortalities Related to COVID-19:Evidence from 94 Countries Using Regression Techniques

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2022年第4期15卷 475-499页

作者： Ashis kumar Pradhan Ronny Thomas Sandhyarani Rout alok kumar Pradhan Department of Humanities and Social Sciences Maulana Azad National Institute of TechnologyBhopalMadhya PradeshIndia Rajagiri Business School(RBS)and Rajagiri College of Social Sciences(RCSS) Rajagiri Valley CampusKakkanadKochiKeralaIndia Department of Social Science Fakir Mohan UniversityBalasoreOdishaIndia Indian Institute of Management Nagpur DahegaonIndia

This study attempts to investigate the factors determining COVID-19 deaths during the pandemic across countries by employing a rich dataset sourced from 94 countries updated till 6 February,*** empirical analysis,the study makes use of cross-sectional linear regression technique in the first part and after required diagnostic tests use 2SLS regression technique for correcting possible endogeneity bias in the second *** from the study indicate that factors like total reported cases,population size,population over 70 years of age,extreme poverty,and human development index play significant role in determining COVID-19-related ***,to check the robustness of the findings the present study employed LASSO *** from the study highlight the possibility of government intervention to devise appropriate policies to control COVID-related incidence and death.

关键词： COVID-19 deaths Mortality risks Infectious diseases LASSO regression Pandemic

Splenic tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient can be managed conservatively:a case report

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Gastroenterology Report 2018年第1期6卷 72-74,I0003页

作者： Ashok kumar VK Kapoor Anu Behari Sandeep verma Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical ScienceLucknowIndia

Tuberculosis is a significant health problemin developing *** tuberculosis usually occurs as a part of miliary tuberculosis,and ranks third after lung and liver involvement,*** involvement is more common in immunocompromised patients and is very rarely found in immunocompetent *** we report a case of splenic tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient,which was managed successfully with conservative treatment.

关键词： splenic tuberculosis immunocompetence splenectomy

Effect of Semecarpus anacardium fruits on reproductive function of male albino rats

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2003年第2期5卷 121-124页

作者： Arti Sharma Pramod kumar verma V.P.Dixit Department of Zoology Raj Rishi Colloge A/war (Raj) 301001 IndiaReproductive Physiology Section Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302 004 IndiaReproductive Physiology Section Department of Zoology University of Rajasthan Jaipur-302 004 India

Aim: To evaluate the effect of an ethanolic extract of Semecarpus anacardium fruits on spermatogenesis in albino rats. Methods: Male albino rats were fed with a 50 % ethanolic extract of Semecarpus anacardium fruit at 100 mg·***-1, 200 mg·kg-1·day-1 and 300 mg·kg-1·day-1 for 60 days. Fertility test was performed after 60 days of treatment. Sperm motility and density were observed in the cauda epididymis. Biochemical and histological analyses of the blood and reproductive organs were done. Recovery of fertility was followed to evaluate the reversibility of drug action. Results: S. anacardium fruit extract administration resulted in spermatogenic arrest in albino rats. The sperm motility and density was reduced significantly. The RBC and WBC counts, haemoglobin, haematocrit, blood sugar and urea were found to be within the normal range in the whole blood. The protein, cholesterol and glycogen in the testes and the fructose in the seminal vesicle were significantly decreased after the treatment. The fruit extract feeding caused marked reduction in the number of primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes and spermatids. The number of mature Leydig cells was also decreased and degenerating cells increased proportionately. Conclusion: 5. anacardium fruit extract causes spermatogenic arrest in albino rats.

关键词： Semecarpus anacardium spermatogenesis androgen spermatocytes Leydig cells