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Grinding analysis of Indian coal using response surface methodology

International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2016年第2期3卷 184-190页

作者： Twinkle Singh Aishwarya Awasthi Pranjal Tripathi Shina gautam alok gautam Jaypee University of Engineering & Technology A-B RoadRaghogarh Guna India Shroff S. R. Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology Ankleshwar Gujarat India

The present work discusses a systematic approach to model grinding parameters of coal in a ball mill. A three level Box-Behnken design combined with response surface methodology using second order model was applied to the experiments done according to the model requirement. Three parameters ball charge （numbers 10-20）, coal content （100-200 g） and the grinding time （4-8 rain） were chosen for the experiments as well as for the modeling work. Coal fineness is defined as the dso （80 % passing size）. A quadratic model was developed to show the effect of parameters and their interaction with fineness of the product. Three different sizes （4, 1 and 0.65 mm） of Indian coal were used. The model equations for each fraction were developed and different sets of experiments were performed. The predicted values of the fineness of coal were in good agreement with the experimental results （R2 values of dso varies between 0.97 and 0.99）. Fine size of three different coal sizes were obtained with larger ball charge with less grinding time and less solid content. This work represents the efficient use of response surface methodology and the Box-Behnken design use for grinding of Indian coal.

关键词： Coal grinding Ball mill Grinding time Response surface methodology

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Characterization and Propagation of Historical and Projected Droughts in the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon, USA

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 247-262,I0020-I0028页

作者： Sudip gautam alok SAMANTARAY Meghna BABBAR-SEBENS Meenu RAMADAS School of Civil and Construction Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Infrastructure Indian Institute of TechnologyBhubaneswarOdisha 752050India

Climate change is expected to have long-term impacts on drought and wildfire risks in Oregon as summers continue to become warmer and drier. This paper investigates the projected changes in drought characteristics and drought propagation in the Umatilla River Basin in northeastern Oregon for mid-century(2030–2059) and late-century(2070–2099) climate scenarios. Drought characteristics for projected climates were determined using downscaled CMIP5 climate datasets from ten climate models and Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate effects on hydrologic processes. Short-term(three months) drought characteristics(frequency, duration, and severity) were analyzed using four drought indices, including the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI-3), Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI-3), Standardized Streamflow Index(SSI-3), and the Standardized Soil Moisture Index(SSMI-3). Results indicate that short-term meteorological droughts are projected to become more prevalent, with up to a 20% increase in the frequency of SPI-3drought events. Short-term hydrological droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 11% in frequency of SSI-3 drought events), more severe, and longer in duration(average increase of 8% for short-term droughts).Similarly, short-term agricultural droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 28% in frequency of SSMI-3 drought events) but slightly shorter in duration(average decrease of 4%) in the future. Historically, drought propagation time from meteorological to hydrological drought is shorter than from meteorological to agricultural drought in most sub-basins. For the projected climate scenarios, the decrease in drought propagation time will likely stress the timing and capacity of water supply in the basin for irrigation and other uses.

关键词： Umatilla drought SPI SPEI SSI SSMI

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Chemical profiling of bioactive compounds in the methanolic extract of wild leaf and callus of Vitex negundo using gas chromatographymass spectrometry

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World Journal of Experimental Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 78-87页

作者： Gunjan Garg alok Bharadwaj Shweta Chaudhary Veena Gupta School of Biotechnology Gautam Buddha UniversityGreater Noida 201312Uttar PradeshIndia Biotechnology GLA UniversityMathura 281406Uttar PradeshIndia Division of Germplasm Conservation Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Bureau of Plant Genetic ResourcesNew Delhi 110012New DelhiIndia

BACKGROUND The investigation of plant-based therapeutic agents in medicinal plants has revealed their presence in the extracts and provides the vision to formulate novel techniques for drug *** negundo(***),a perennial herb belonging to the Varbanaceae family,is extensively used in conventional *** To determine the existence of therapeutic components in leaf and callus extracts from wild *** plants using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GCMS).METHODS In this study,we conducted GC-MS on wild plant leaf extracts and correlated the presence of constituents with those in callus *** growth regulators such as 6-benzylaminopurine(BAP),2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D),α-naphthylacetic acid(NAA),and di-phenylurea(DPU)were added to plant leaves and in-vitro callus and grown on MS *** The results clearly indicated that the addition of BAP(2.0 mg/L),2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL),DPU(2.0 mg/L)and 2,4-D(0.2 mg/mL)in MS medium resulted in rapid callus *** plant profile of Vitex extracts by GC-MS analysis showed that 24,10,and 14 bioactive constituents were detected in the methanolic extract of leaf,green callus and the methanolic extract of white loose callus,*** Octadecadienoic acid,hexadecanoic acid and methyl ester were the major constituents in the leaf and callus methanolic *** acid was the most common constituent in all *** maximum concentration of octadecadienoic acid in leaves,green callus and white loose callus was 21.93%,47.79%and 40.38%,*** findings demonstrate that the concentration of octadecadienoic acid doubles in-vitro compared to *** addition to octadecadienoic acid;butyric acid,benzene,1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl),dospan,tridecanedialdehyde,methylcyclohexenylbutanol,chlorpyrifos,n-secondary terpene diester,anflunine and other important active compounds were also *** these components were only available in callus formed in-vit

关键词： Leaf extracts Callus extracts Methanolic extract Octadecadienoic acid Hexadecanoic acid Methyl ester Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis

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Role of the circulatory interleukin-6 in the pathogenesis of gliomas:A systematic review

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World Journal of Methodology 2022年第5期12卷 428-437页

作者： Manish Singh alok Raghav Kirti Amresh gautam Department of Neurosurgery GSVM Medical CollegeKanpur 208001India Department of Basic and Applied Science GD Goenka UniversityGurugram 122103HaryanaIndia

BACKGROUND Glioma is the most common primary tumor in the brain originating from glial *** spite of extensive research,the overall survival rate is not enhanced.A number of published articles observed differentially circulating levels of cytokines in ***-6(IL-6)protein coded by IL-6 gene is regulated by the immune system and it has been found to have a significant role in progression and apoptosis resistance of *** To review the role of circulatory IL-6 in the development and progression of glioma and its utility as a *** Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis(PRISMA)guidelines were applied to filter the relevant studies based on inclusion and exclusion *** used a combination of keywords and the Reference Citation Analysis(RCA)tool to search the potential studies and performed data extraction from selected *** The published results were inconsistent;however,most studies showed a significantly higher IL-6 level in glioma cases as compared to *** IL-6 level among the different grades of glioma showed a higher level with low-grade gliomas and lower level with high-grade *** IL-6 level significantly differed between cases and controls,and among different cancer stages,which shows its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic marker.

关键词： Gliomas Interleukin-6 Circulatory markers Diagnostic marker Prognostic marker

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