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Symmetry in optics and photonics:a group theory approach

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Science Bulletin 2018年第4期63卷 244-251页

作者： B.M.Rodriguez-lara Ramy EI-Ganainy Julio Guerrero Tecnologico de Monterrey.Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias Monterrey 64849Mexico Instituto nacional de Astrofisica Optica y Electr6nicaPueblaCP 72840Mexico Department of Physics and Hexes Center for Quantum Phenomena Michigan Technological UniversityHoughton.MI 49931USA Departamento de Matematicas Facultad de Ciendas Experimentales y de la SaludCampus Las LagunillasUniversidad de Jaen23071JaenSpain Departamento de Ingenierfa y Tecnologia de Computadores Facultad de lnformdticaCampus EspinardoUnivesidad de Murcia30100 MurciaSpain

Group theory(GT) provides a rigorous framework for studying symmetries in various disciplines in physics ranging from quantum field theories and the standard model to fluid mechanics and chaos theory. To date, the application of such a powerful tool in optical physics remains limited. Over the past few years however, several quantum-inspired symmetry principles(such as parity-time invariance and supersymmetry) have been introduced in optics and photonics for the first time. Despite the intense activities in these new research directions, only few works utilized the power of group theory. Motivated by this status quo, here we present a brief overview of the application of GT in optics, deliberately choosing examples that illustrate the power of this tool in both continuous and discrete setups. We hope that this review will stimulate further research that exploits the full potential of GT for investigating various symmetry paradigms in optics, eventually leading to new photonic devices.

关键词： Group theoryHelmholtz equationDiscrete opticsParity-time (PT) symmetry

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and Its Indicators——Where Does Health Fit in?

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 150-155页

作者： Rishma Maini Lorcan Clarke Kevin Blanchard virginia Murray Public Health Registrar in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England Research Analyst Intern in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England Senior Environmental Scientist in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England Public Health Consultant in Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health England United nations International Strategy for Disaster ReductionScientific and Technical Advisory Group Integrated Research on Disaster Risk Reduction Scientific Committee

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 recognizes the strong connection between health and disasters and promotes the concept of health resilience *** of the seven global targets stated in the Sendai Framework are directly related to health in terms of reducing disaster mortality,the number of affected people,disaster damage to critical infrastructure,and disruption of basic services such as health *** Sendai Framework also maintains close coordination with other United nations landmark agreements relevant to health such as the Sustainable Development ***,the measurement of healthrelated indicators is *** arise,for example,in linking deaths to disasters because of the complex interplay between exposure,risk,vulnerability,and *** lack of a universal classification of disasters also means that recording of health data in disasters is not *** the guidelines to enable data onthe indicators to be collected and reported to support the Sendai targets requires detailed thinking,time,and consultation with a diverse range of *** collaboration and partnership will be vital to achieving success.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction Global health targets Health indicators Sendai Framework

Memory for location and visual cues in white-eared hummingbirds Hylocharis leucotis

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 468-476页

作者： Guillermo PEREZ Carlos lara Jose VICCOn-PALE Martha SIGnORET-POILLOn Doctorado en Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana. Unidad Xochimilco. Calzada del Hueso 1100 Col. Villa Quietud 04960 Moxico D.F. Moxico Laboratorio de Ecologfa de la Conducta Centro Tlaxcala de Biologfa de la Conducta UAT-UNAM Km 1.5 carretera Tlaxcala- Puebla s/n Colonia Xicohtoncatl Apdo. Postal 262 Tlaxcala Tlaxcala 90070 Moxico. Departamento el Hombre y su Ambiente. Universidad Autdnoma Metropolitana. Unidad Xochimilco. Calzada del Hueso 1100 Col. Villa Quietud 04960 MExico D.F. Mexico

In nature hummingbirds face floral resources whose availability, quality and quantity can vary spatially and temporally. Thus, they must constantly make foraging decisions about which patches, plants and flowers to visit, partly as a function of the nectar reward. The uncertainty of these decisions would possibly be reduced if an individual could remember locations or use visual cues to avoid revisiting recently depleted flowers. In the present study, we carried out field experiments with white-eared hummingbirds Hylocharis leucotis, to evaluate their use of locations or visual cues when foraging on natural flowers Penstemon roseus. We evaluated the use of spatial memory by observing birds while they were foraging between two plants and within a single plant. Our results showed that hummingbirds prefer to use location when foraging in two plants, but they also use visual cues to efficiently locate unvisited rewarded flowers when they feed on a single plant. However, in absence of visual cues, in both experiments birds mainly used the location of previously visited flowers to make subsequent visits. Our data suggest that hummingbirds are capable of learning and employing this flexibility depending on the faced environmental conditions and the information acquired in previous visits [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 468-476, 2011].

关键词： Visual cues Location White-eared hummingbird Foraging

Type 1 diabetes and associated autoimmune diseases

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World Journal of Diabetes 2020年第11期11卷 527-539页

作者： lara Frommer George J Kahaly Department of Medicine I Johannes Gutenberg Medical CenterMainz 55131Germany

BACKGROUnD Common autoimmune diseases(AID)tend to occur together in the same individual and *** 1 diabetes(T1D)is caused by an autoimmuneinduced inflammatory destruction of the pancreatic tissue and clusters with several other *** To compare the demographic,clinical,and serological features of patients with single T1D vs those with T1D and associated *** From October 1999 to February 2020,a total of 665 patients with T1D and their first-degree relatives were *** Compared to patients with isolated T1D,those with T1D+AID were older and had a higher female:male *** patient age and age at disease onset were higher in T1D+AID vs T1D *** average time interval between T1D onset and the onset of a second glandular AID was markedly shorter than the time interval between T1D and the occurrence of a non-endocrine AID.T1Dspecific autoantibodies were more frequent in patients with T1D+AID and relatives vs those with T1D ***,the prevalence of AID and autoantibodies against various tissues were found to be higher in relatives of patients with T1D only compared to relatives of patients with T1D+*** Annual serological and subsequent functional screening for AID in patients with T1D and their first-degree relatives is recommended.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes Autoimmunity Serology Antibodies Autoimmune endocrine diseases Autoimmune non-endocrine disorders

Health anxiety and work loss in patients diagnosed with serrated polyposis syndrome:A cross sectional study

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2025年第2期16卷 52-62页

作者： Angus Thompson natalie R Dierick Louise Heiniger Stuart n Kostalas School of Clinical Medicine University of New South WalesPort Macquarie 2444New South WalesAustralia Department of Gastroenterology Port Macquarie GastroenterologyPort Macquarie 2444New South WalesAustralia

BACKGROUnD Serrated polyposis syndrome(SPS)is a polyposis condition with neoplastic potential,but its psychological impact is not well *** To assess health anxiety prevalence in a regional Australian cohort of SPS patients and explore factors influencing it,including workforce impacts of regular *** This cross-sectional study screened patients aged 18-65 undergoing colonoscopy in a regional gastroenterology practice between January 2015 and June *** SPS patients were invited to *** included the Short Health Anxiety Inventory,employment status,and previous demographic and medical *** Health anxiety was found in 21.57%of SPS patients,with anxious patients being significantly more concerned about surveillance(OR=7.70).Patients lost an average of 11.04 work hours per *** Health anxiety in SPS patients aligns with rates in other gastroenterology *** it may improve management,though further research is needed to better understand prevalence and care improvements.

关键词： Serrated polyposis syndrome Health anxiety Colorectal cancer Surveillance

Gap analysis on open data interconnectivity for disaster risk research

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2019年第1期22卷 45-58页

作者： Guoqing Li Jing Zhao virginia Murray Carol Song Lianchong Zhang Key Laboratory of Digital Earth Science Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital EarthChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Hainan Key Laboratory of Earth Observation SanyaChina Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Public Health England Health and Social CareLondonUK Rosen Centre for Advance Computing Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteINUSA

Open data strategies are being adopted in disaster-related data particularly because of the need to provide information on global targets and indicators for implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–*** all phases of disaster risk management including forecasting,emergency response and post-disaster reconstruction,the need for interconnected multidisciplinary open data for collaborative reporting as well as study and analysis are apparent,in order to determine disaster impact data in timely and reportable *** extraordinary progress in computing and information technology in the past decade,such as broad local and wide-area network connectivity(***),highperformance computing,service and cloud computing,big data methods and mobile devices,provides the technical foundation for connecting open data to support disaster risk research.A new generation of disaster data infrastructure based on interconnected open data is evolving *** are two levels in the conceptual model of Linked Open Data for Global Disaster Risk Research(LODGD)Working Group of the Committee on Data for Science and Technology(CODATA),which is the Committee on Data of the International Council for Science(ICSU):data characterization and data *** data characterization,the knowledge about disaster taxonomy and data dependency on disaster events requires specific scientific study as it aims to understand and present the correlation between specific disaster events and scientific data through the integration of literature analysis and semantic knowledge *** connection concepts deal with technical methods to connect distributed data resources identified by data characterization of disaster *** the science community,interconnected open data for disaster risk impact assessment are beginning to influence how disaster data are shared,and this will need to extend data coverage and provide better ways of utilizing data across domains

关键词： Open data interconnectivity gap analysis disaster risk

Carbon dioxide fixation into cyclic carbonates at room temperature catalyzed by heteroscorpionate aluminum complexes

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Green Chemical Engineering 2022年第3期3卷 280-287页

作者： Felipe de la Cruz-Martinez Jose A.Castro-Osma Agustin lara-Sanchez Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Departamento de Quimica InorganicaOrganica y Bioquimica-Centro de Innovacion en Quimica Avanzada(ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologias QuimicasCiudad Real13071Spain Instituto de Investigaciones Quimicas(IIQ) Departamento de Quimica Inorganica and Centro de Innovacion en Quimica Avanzada(ORFEO-CINQA)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(CSIC)and University of SevillaSevilla41092Spain Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Departamento de Quimica InorganicaOrganica y Bioquimica-Centro de Innovacion en Quimica Avanzada(ORFEO-CINQA)Facultad de FarmaciaAlbacete02071Spain

novel mono-and bimetallic scorpionate aluminum compounds have been designed and characterized by spec-troscopic *** organometallics complexes,in combination with tetrabutylammonium bromide as cocatalyst,displayed good catalytic activity for the cycloaddition of styrene oxide and CO_(2) under ambient *** the compounds tested,monometallic complex 3 featuring diethylamino groups showed the highest catalytic *** catalytic system catalyzed the formation of cyclic carbonate products from their corresponding epoxides at room temperature and 1 bar of CO_(2) pressure in the absence of a solvent in good yields and excellent selectivities.

关键词： CO_(2) Epoxides Cyclic carbonates Aluminum complexes

The market for amino acids: understanding supply and demand of substrate for more efficient milk protein synthesis

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第1期12卷 37-48页

作者： virginia L.Pszczolkowski Sebastian I.Arriola Apelo Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Endocrinology and Reproductive Physiology Graduate Training Program University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

For dairy production systems, nitrogen is an expensive nutrient and potentially harmful waste product. With three quarters of fed nitrogen ending up in the manure, significant research efforts have focused on understanding and mitigating lactating dairy cows' nitrogen losses. Recent changes proposed to the nutrient Requirement System for Dairy Cattle in the US include variable efficiencies of absorbed essential AA for milk protein production. This first separation from a purely substrate-based system, standing on the old limiting AA theory, recognizes the ability of the cow to alter the metabolism of AA. In this review we summarize a compelling amount of evidence suggesting that AA requirements for milk protein synthesis are based on a demand-driven system. Milk protein synthesis is governed at mammary level by a set of transduction pathways, including the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1), the integrated stress response(ISR), and the unfolded protein response(UPR). In tight coordination, these pathways not only control the rate of milk protein synthesis, setting the demand for AA, but also manipulate cellular AA transport and even blood flow to the mammary glands, securing the supply of those needed nutrients. These transduction pathways, specifically mTORC1, sense specific AA, as well as other physiological signals, including insulin, the canonical indicator of energy status. Insulin plays a key role on mTORC1 signaling, controlling its activation, once AA have determined mTORC1 localization to the lysosomal *** on this molecular model, AA and insulin signals need to be tightly coordinated to maximize milk protein synthesis rate. The evidence in lactating dairy cows supports this model, in which insulin and glucogenic energy potentiate the effect of AA on milk protein synthesis. Incorporating the effect of specific signaling AA and the differential role of energy sources on utilization of absorbed AA for milk protein synthesis seems like

关键词： Amino acids Blood flow Insulin Mammary uptake Milk proteins mTORC1 nitrogen efficiency Splanchnic tissues

Avian-power line interactions in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia:are mitigation actions effective?

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 382-390页

作者： Adrian Orihuela-Torres Juan MPérez-García Zebensui Morales-Reyes lara naves-Alegre JoséASánchez-Zapata Esther Sebastián-González Área de Ecología Departamento de Biología AplicadaUniversidad Miguel Hernández de ElcheAvda.Universidad s/n03202 ElcheAlicanteSpain Departamento de Ecología Universidad de AlicanteCtra.San Vicente del Raspeig s/n03690 San Vicente del RaspeigAlicanteSpain

Background:Electrocution and collisions on power lines are among the leading causes of non-natural mortality for *** lines are exponentially increasing,particularly in developing countries,but mitigation strategies to prevent bird mortality are *** combines a recently increased power line network,an abundant raptor population,a dangerous crossarm configuration and a habitat with no natural perches,producing many bird-power line *** aim is to assess the bird mortality caused by power lines in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia,to determine the factors increasing the risk of bird electrocution,and to evaluate the effectiveness of used retrofitting ***:In July 2019 we covered 132.9 km of 15 kV power lines checking 1092 *** also conducted bird tran-sects to record raptor and corvid richness and abundance,to assess species vulnerability to ***:We recorded 76 electrocuted birds of 7 *** rate was 6.96 birds/100 *** most affected species were Common Raven(Corvus corax)and Upland Buzzard(Buteo hemilasius),highlighting the electro-cution of 5 endangered Saker Falcons(Falco cherrug).By contrast,we only recorded 8 individuals of 5 species collid-ing with wires,the most affected being Pallas’s Sandgrouse(Syrrhaptes paradoxus).About 76.1%of sampled poles had some mitigation *** these,96.6%were brush perch deflectors and 3.4%rotating-mirrors perch *** found differences in electrocution rates among crossarm configurations,with the strain insulator with one jumper being the most ***,we found no correlation between bird abundance and electrocution rates,suggesting that some species are more sensitive to *** no differences in total bird electrocu-tion rates were detected between poles with and without perch deterrents,when bird size is considered,deterrents reduced the mortality rate of small birds,while they were ineffective for medium-sized

关键词： Collision Crossarm configuration Electrocution Electric infrastructures Perch deterrent Power line network Raptor