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A systematic review of the attractant-decoy and repellent- plant hypotheses: do plants with heterospecific neighbours escape herbivory?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第4期8卷 337-346页

作者： ally ruttan Christopher J.Lortie Department of Biology York University4700 Keele StreetTorontoOntario M3J1P3Canada

Aims this systematic review highlights the relative support and implica-tions of the attractant-decoy and repellent-plant hypotheses,discuss-ing important linkages between these theories and the opportunity for novel integration into ecological and applied *** an extensive systematic review of the current literature on the attract-ant-decoy and repellent-plant hypotheses was done to describe the following attributes of the research to date:(i)the geographic extent(country and biome)of studies on this topic,(ii)the scope of experi-mental designs used,(iii)the level of support for these hypotheses with respect to the breadth of ecological niches tested,(iv)the level of support for these hypotheses with respect to the classes of herbi-vores examined and,lastly,(v)the ecological impact or purpose of these ***,we summarize important research gaps in the empirical literature on this topic and identify novel opportunities for critical linkages between ecological and applied *** Findingsa total of 37%of experiments testing these two associated hypotheses were done in North america,frequently in either temperate broadleaf(26%of studies)or taiga ecosystems(15%of studies).the majority of these studies involved experimental manipulations such as removing and transplanting vegetation and either tracked or excluded mammalian *** implications were primarily examined(59%of studies),but there were also implications described for agriculture and commercial forestry in 22%of *** repellent-plant hypothesis was well supported in many ecological systems,particularly for mammalian herbivores,but the attractant-decoy hypothesis has been less frequently tested,thereby representing an important research *** herbivores were under-represented in all categories except in applied contexts such as commercial forestry and *** is a clear need for studies to connect these two ecological hypotheses with the manageme

关键词： associated plant defence attractant-decoy herbivory neighbour repellent-plant systematic review

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The evolution of female sex pheromones

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 569-578页

作者： ally R. HARARI Hadass STEINITZ Department of Entomology The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel

The role of female sex pheromones in natural selection, particularly as a means for species recognition to avoid the generation of hybrid offspring with low fitness, has been widely explored and is generally accepted by scholars. However, the significance of sex pheromones in shaping mate choice （sexual selection） and in competition over breeding resources （social se- lection） has been largely ignored. The effect of sexual selection on sex pheromones as a sexually dimorphic signaling trait has been discounted because the amount of pheromone released by females is typically minute, while the role of sex pheromones in competition over breeding resources （other than mates） has not yet been considered. As a result of natural selection, variation in sex pheromones among females is expected to be low, and males are not expected to choose their mates among phero- mone-releasing conspecific females. Sexual selection, on the other hand, should drive the increase in pheromone variance among females, and males are expected to choose females based on this variation. Moreover, social selection resulting from more general social interactions, for example competition among females for breeding sites and food, should also promote variance among female sex pheromones. Here, we review the cttrrent evidence for each of the three selection processes acting on sex pheromones of female moths as an advertising trait. We suggest that the three selection types are not mutually exclusive but rather act together to promote different fimess components in diverse ecological situations

关键词： Sex pheromone Natural selection Sexual selection Social selection Competition Mate choice

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Constant envelope FrFT OFDM: spectral and energy efficiency analysis

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 2019年第3期30卷 467-473页

作者： DIDA Mussa ally HUAN Hao TAO Ran WANG Teng URYNBASSAROVA Didar School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology

Constant envelope with a fractional Fourier transformorthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CE-FrFT-OFDM) is a special case of a constant envelope OFDM(CE-OFDM), both being energy efficient wireless communication techniques with a 0 dB peak to average power ratio(PAPR). However, with the proper selection of fractional order, the first technique has a high bit error rate(BER) performance in the frequency-time selective *** paper performs further analysis of CE-FrFT-OFDM by examining its spectral efficiency(SE) and energy efficiency(EE) and compare to the famous OFDM and Fr FT-OFDM techniques. Analytical and comprehensive simulations conducted show that, the CE-Fr FT-OFDM has five times the EE of OFDM and Fr FT-OFDM systems with a slightly less SE. Increasing CE-FrFT-OFDM’s transmission power by increasing its amplitude to 1.7 increases its SE to match that of the OFDM and Fr FT-OFDM systems while slightly reducing its EE by 20% to be four times that of OFDM and Fr FTOFDM systems. OFDM and Fr FT-OFDM’s amplitude fluctuations cause rapid changing output back-off(OBO) power requirements and further reduce power amplifier(PA) efficiency while CE-FrFTOFDM stable operational linear range makes it a better candidate and outperforms the other techniques when their OBO exceeds1.7. Higher EE and low BER in time-frequency selective channel are attracting features for CE-FrFT-OFDM deployment in mobile devices.

关键词： fractional Fourier transform(FrFT) constant envelope spectral efficiency(SE) energy efficiency(EE) high power amplifier

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The Balance between Human Rights and Multinational Corporations' Interests in Tanzania:A Continuous Quest for a Regulatory Approach 2023

The Balance between Human Rights and Multinational Corporati...

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作者： Elizabeth Shomari ally 华东政法大学

学位级别：硕士

本文的主题意在探讨如何平衡坦桑尼亚的人权和跨国公司的利益。跨国公司是指在两个或两个以上的国家间开展业务的企业,这些公司为许多非洲国家,包括坦桑尼亚的经济增长做出了贡献。在坦桑尼亚运营的大多数大型公司都是跨国公司,它们几... 详细信息

本文的主题意在探讨如何平衡坦桑尼亚的人权和跨国公司的利益。跨国公司是指在两个或两个以上的国家间开展业务的企业,这些公司为许多非洲国家,包括坦桑尼亚的经济增长做出了贡献。在坦桑尼亚运营的大多数大型公司都是跨国公司,它们几乎存在于所有主要的经济领域,如采矿、农业、制造业、银行、旅游等。针对这些跨国公司对东道国经济的影响,人们之间有不同的观点。有人认为跨国公司是东道国经济发展的推动力,而另一些人则认为它们遏制了发展中国家经济发展,因为它们减少了就业机会、增加了本地产业的竞争,以及侵犯人权。多年来,跨国公司与当地民众之间发生了许多冲突。本论文深入地研究了这些冲突背后的原因。正因为跨国公司侵犯人权以及坦桑尼亚人滥用公司权利才导致了这些冲突。本文引用了许多案例来论证此种观点,即跨国公司正在侵犯人权,以及他们如何滥用公司权利。在坦桑尼亚,曾发生有几起跨国公司侵犯人权的案例。其中一起案例中Acacia Mining(前身为Barrick Gold)-加拿大矿业公司Acacia Mining被指控在坦桑尼亚北玛拉金矿进行人权侵犯。该公司被指控使用过度武力对待试图进入矿区废料堆寻找黄金的当地居民。此外,该公司还被指控用有毒化学品污染当地的水源。在另一起案件中,一家韩国石油公司Sogoil被指控在坦桑尼亚侵犯了Maasai人的土地和人权。该公司未经Maasai人的同意就收购了他们的土地,然后使用武力驱逐他们离开家园。该公司还被指控污染环境并破坏当地社区的生计。在下一起案件中,坦桑尼亚啤酒有限公司(TBL)是跨国酿酒公司Diageo的子公司,被指控在坦桑尼亚Serengeti酿酒厂损害工人的人权。该公司被指控使用临时工,他们的工资较低,福利也较少于正式工人。此外,该公司还被指控未能为工人提供足够的安全设备和培训,导致工作场所事故和工人伤害。跨国公司公司(MNCs)在坦桑尼亚的运营也面临与其权利和运营相关的挑战与质疑。其中包括腐败、前后不一致的政策和法规以及缺乏充足的基础设施等。在坦桑尼亚,MNCs面临的主要挑战之一是腐败。一些MNCs报告了在与坦桑尼亚政府官员或其他利益相关者打交道时出现贿赂和其他形式的腐败。腐败可能会导致不公平竞争和不平等的竞争环境,使得MNCs难以在道德和可持续的方式下运营。不一致的政策和法规也对在坦桑尼亚运营的MNCs构成挑战。政府曾经出现过引入新政策或法规,对MNCs的运营产生负面影响的情况。例如,在2017年,坦桑尼亚政府颁布了一项新法律,要求矿业公司将其运营的16%所有权转让给政府。这一举措影响了许多在坦桑尼亚运营的跨国矿业公司的运营。最后一个挑战是缺乏充足的基础设施,如可靠的电力供应和交通运输,也给坦桑尼亚的MNCs带来了挑战。这可能会使MNCs难以高效和有效地运营,并导致成本增加和利润降低。本论文还回顾了国际、区域间法律和坦桑尼亚的法律,以考察它们各自是如何建议MNCs在坦桑尼亚的运营。许多国际组织管理着跨国公司在国外的运营,如国际劳工组织和联合国经济合作与发展组织。坦桑尼亚法律的漏洞和缺陷此前也已经被讨论过。坦桑尼亚平衡跨国公司(MNCs)的利益和人权侵犯是一个复杂的问题,需要多面向的解决方法,包括国际、区域间和坦桑尼亚法律的应用。以下是本文提供的一些可能实现当地人权与跨国公司利益平衡的建议:第一,定期进行人权影响评估,即在坦桑尼亚运营的MNCs应该定期进行人权影响评估,以识别潜在的人权风险并积极解决。这些评估应该包括与当地社区和民间社会组织的磋商,以确保考虑到他们的观点和关切。第二,实施国际人权标准:在坦桑尼亚运营的MNCs应该遵守国际人权标准,如联合国《企业与人权指导原则》。这些标准提供了关于企业如何尊重人权、避免造成或促成人权滥用以及应对可能产生的任何负面影响的指导。第三,遵守坦桑尼亚法律:在坦桑尼亚经营的跨国公司应遵守坦桑尼亚的法律,包括与劳动、环境和人权相关的法律。这些法律提供了促进人权、确保跨国公司的利益与当地社区和工人的权利平衡的框架。第四,使用区域机制解决争端:区域机制(如非洲人权与人民权利委员会)可用于解决跨国公司与当地社区或工人之间的争端。这些机制可以提供一个中立和公正的平台来解决争端,确保尊重人权。第五,进行利益相关者对话:在坦桑尼亚经营的跨国公司应与当地社区、民间社会组织和其他利益相关者进行利益相关者对话,以确保考虑他们的观点和关切。这可以帮助建立信任,促进相互理解,从而实现更可持续、更公平的结果。综上所述,在坦桑尼亚平衡人权侵犯和跨国公司利益需要综合方法,包括遵守国际和坦桑尼亚法律,定期进行人权影响评估,进行利益相关者对话以及使用区域机制解决争端。在本文末尾,我将提供一个法律框架来综合处理这些冲突问题。

关键词：跨国企业外商直接投资人权国际法区域法律

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Parental Involvement in Children School Learning——The Case of Community Secondary School in Temeke District

Parental Involvement in Children School Learning——The Case...

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作者： Zuhura Juma ally 浙江师范大学

学位级别：硕士

This study examines parental involvement in children school learning in community secondary schools and particularly addresses the questions on the influence of effective parent’s involvement in children’s school learning in community secondary schools in Temeke *** study adopts Epstein’s school-family/community partnerships model that focuses on stakeholder relationships and the influence on children school *** theory assumes that since parents know their children’s educational aspirations and how to drive them to success,schools can decide to make choices that are either positive or negative to children school learning,by either drawing them together or *** study employs qualitative research design,in which data were obtained through in-depth interviews and documentary *** generate the information for the study,54 randomly selected participants were involved in the study and the descriptive statistics was used to assess the influence of parental involvement in children school learning within the study *** findings from the study revealed that 38.3 percent of the respondents reported that,there is high involvement of parents in children school learning while 61.07% reported that the involvement of parents in school learning is small due to economic and social *** study recommends that,since the intellectual development of children depends on the collaboration between community/parents and teachers,special interventions by the government and CSOs are needed to address specific challenges posed by relationship between parents and children in promoting children school learning.

关键词：父母参与学龄儿童学校学习

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Evaluation of Linear Precoding Schemes for Cooperative Multi-Cell MU MIMO in Future Mobile Communication Systems

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2023年第6期11卷 28-42页

作者： Juma Said ally Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering College of Information and Communication Technology Mbeya University of Science and Technology Mbeya Tanzania

In Mobile Communication Systems, inter-cell interference becomes one of the challenges that degrade the system’s performance, especially in the region with massive mobile users. The linear precoding schemes were proposed to mitigate interferences between the base stations (inter-cell). These schemes are categorized into linear and non-linear;this study focused on linear precoding schemes, which are grounded into three types, namely Zero Forcing (ZF), Block Diagonalization (BD), and Signal Leakage Noise Ratio (SLNR). The study included the Cooperative Multi-cell Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) System, whereby each Base Station serves more than one mobile station and all Base Stations on the system are assisted by each other by shared the Channel State Information (CSI). Based on the Multi-Cell Multiuser MIMO system, each Base Station on the cell is intended to maximize the data transmission rate by its mobile users by increasing the Signal Interference to Noise Ratio after the interference has been mitigated due to the usefully of linear precoding schemes on the transmitter. Moreover, these schemes used different approaches to mitigate interference. This study mainly concentrates on evaluating the performance of these schemes through the channel distribution models such as Ray-leigh and Rician included in the presence of noise errors. The results show that the SLNR scheme outperforms ZF and BD schemes overall scenario. This implied that when the value of SNR increased the performance of SLNR increased by 21.4% and 45.7% for ZF and BD respectively.

关键词： Precoding Schemes Cooperative Networks Interference Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) Multi-Cell and Multiuser

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Distinct transcriptomic landscapes of cutaneous basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas

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Genes & Diseases 2021年第2期8卷 181-192页

作者： Jun Wan Hongji Dai Xiaoli Zhang Sheng Liu Yuan Lin ally-Khan Somani Jingwu Xie Jiali Han Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN46202USA Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN46202USA School of Informatics and Computing Indiana University e Purdue University at IndianapolisIndianapolisIN46202USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyNational Clinical Research Center of CancerTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and HospitalTianjin300000PR China Wells Center for Pediatric Research Department of PediatricsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN46202USA Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN46202USA Department of Epidemiology Richard M.Fairbanks School of Public HealthIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN46202USA Dermatologic Surgery&Cutaneous Oncology Division Department of DermatologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN46202USA

The majority of non-melanoma skin cancer(NMSC)is cutaneous basal cell carcinoma(BCC)or squamous cell carcinoma(SCC),which are also called keratinocyte carcinomas,as both of them originate from *** incidence of keratinocyte carcinomas is over 5 million per year in the US,three-fold higher than the total incidence of all other types of cancer *** there are several reports on gene expression profiling of BCC and SCC,there are significant variations in the reported gene expression changes in different *** reason is that tumor-adjacent normal skin specimens were not included in many studies as matched ***,while numerous studies of skin stem cells in mouse models have been reported,their relevance to human skin cancer remains *** this report,we analyzed gene expression profiles of paired specimens of keratinocyte carcinomas with their matched normal skin tissues as the *** several novel findings,we discovered a significant number of zinc finger encoding genes up-regulated in human *** BCC,a novel link was found between hedgehog signaling,Wnt signaling,and the *** the SCC cancerstem-cell gene signature is shared between human and mouse SCCs,the hair follicle stem-cell signature of mice was not highly represented in human *** gene expression(DEG)in human BCC shares gene signature with both bulge and epidermal stem *** have also determined that human BCCs and SCCs have distinct gene expression patterns,and some of them are not fully reflected in current mouse models.

关键词： Basal cell carcinoma Gli1 Hedgehog signaling PTCH1 Squamous cell carcinoma

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移动学习变革教育

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中国远程教育 2013年第22期 66-67页

作者： Mohamed ally 国际移动学习联盟

大家上午好，我主要是围绕着移动学习进行研究，今天从七个方面进行论述：全世界移动学习的发展概况、阿萨巴斯卡大学和加拿大的移动学习发展现况、移动学习的益处、移动学习的相关政策与标准、移动学习目前的障碍以及如何克服、成功的... 详细信息

大家上午好，我主要是围绕着移动学习进行研究，今天从七个方面进行论述：全世界移动学习的发展概况、阿萨巴斯卡大学和加拿大的移动学习发展现况、移动学习的益处、移动学习的相关政策与标准、移动学习目前的障碍以及如何克服、成功的移动学习案例以及移动学习的未来发展。

关键词：学习变革移动学习阿萨巴斯卡大学教育发展概况加拿大

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Conservation tillage impacts on soil,crop and the environment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015年第2期3卷 119-129页

作者： Mutiu Abolanle Busari Surinder Singh Kukal Amanpreet Kaur Rajan Bhatt Ashura ally Dulazi Department of Soil Science and Land Management Federal University of AgricultureP.M.B.2240 AbeokutaNigeria Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural university141001 LudhianaIndia Ministry of Agriculture Food Security and CooperativesAgriculture Research InstituteMakutuporaDodomaP.O.BOX 1676Tanzania

There is an urgent need to match food production with increasing world population through identification of sustainable land management ***,the struggle to achieve food security should be carried out keeping in mind the soil where the crops are grown and the environment in which the living things *** agriculture(CA),practising agriculture in such a way so as to cause minimum damage to the environment,is being advocated at a large scale *** tillage,the most important aspect of CA,is thought to take care of the soil health,plant growth and the *** paper aims to review the work done on conservation tillage in different agro-ecological regions so as to understand its impact from the perspectives of the soil,the crop and the *** reports have identified several benefits of conservation tillage over conventional tillage(CT)with respect to soil physical,chemical and biological properties as well as crop *** less than 25%of the greenhouse gas effluxes to the atmosphere are attributed to *** of climate change mitigation and adaptation found zero tillage(ZT)to be the most environmental friendly among different tillage ***,conservation tillage involving ZT and minimum tillage which has potential to break the surface compact zone in soil with reduced soil disturbance offers to lead to a better soil environment and crop yield with minimal impact on the environment.&2015 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power *** and Hosting by Elsevier *** is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://***/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

关键词： Atmosphere Greenhouse gases Conservation tillage Sustainable crop yield

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基于逆变器的模块化智能电网监控和能量管理

基于逆变器的模块化智能电网监控和能量管理

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作者： MBARUSHIMANA ally 华北电力大学

学位级别：硕士

随着世界各国对环境问题关注的不断加强,有必要发展一个良好、快速的技术整合可再生能源。传统电网网络中,电力网络运营商与向用户之间的能量流是单向的。但现在,电网运行的新趋势需要电力流具有双向流动性。这意味着用户在能源管理中... 详细信息

随着世界各国对环境问题关注的不断加强,有必要发展一个良好、快速的技术整合可再生能源。传统电网网络中,电力网络运营商与向用户之间的能量流是单向的。但现在,电网运行的新趋势需要电力流具有双向流动性。这意味着用户在能源管理中不再是被动的,也应参与到发电和管理当中。实现这一新技术趋势的新思路已经出现,即微电网（MG）网络。MG主要是由微源和电力电子逆变器组成。微源可以是可再生能源,如太阳能,风能等或可燃代。一旦MG集成的可再生能源投入日常运行,它需要使用分布式储能系统以克服可再生能源的波动,保证不间断的能源供应。此外,MG需要智能的方式,它必须能够得到MG网络的任何一点信息,信息技术的应用是为了更好的使用能源管理系统。其次,MG应该纳入其能源管理负荷预测。负荷预测帮助燃料调度,自动发电控制（AGC）,发电调度等负荷预测功能,是一个非线性函数。在选择了相当数量的层和神经元的情况下,人工神经网络（ANN）适用任何非线性函数。在这项工作中要解决的主要问题是能量转换系统的分析,以及使用LabVIEW和Matlab/Simulink的能源管理系统的发展。

关键词：微电网可再生能源 VSI的控制能源管理 LabVIEW 负荷预测人工神经网络(ANN)

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建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

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